If terraforming Mars was a thing, it would realistically have to be a massive undertaking spanning dozens, if not hundreds, of Sols and a number of technological adjustments to even survive.
For starters, you need to find some method of creating a magnetic field for the planet. This can be done as described above or, if you're feeling truly eccentric or up for a challenge, and therefore a true Paradox fan, potentially digging down into the core and heating up the outer core enough to melt, then somehow giving it a spin, creating a natural magnetic field similar to Earth's. The process would be immense and possibly require shielding the entire colony and everything that'd be within the new magnetic field from what could possibly be a planet-sized EMP (if you believe massive shifts in magnetic fields can be considered an EMP, but even if you don't, remember that if you take a magnet near a monitor everything goes weird... equipment on Mars isn't meant to be used on Earth, so it's possible the sudden existence of a magnetic field on Mars could have serious consequences)
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Third, you have to start worrying about water. You can't make Mars green without surface water. This could be solved by either dropping comets into the Martian atmosphere or releasing water from deep underground deposits. The Core Water breakthrough could be used to help with the process, but doing so would mean you'd have to sacrifice large deposits of water, meaning that until it's on the surface in acceptable amounts, you have to accept your colony might not have any for a while... but it also results in the biggest concerns for the entire terraforming project for many colony sites. If you landed in a deep chasm, you could find your colony quickly flooded as that crater, canyon, or whatever becomes a lake or ocean. As the Sols pass, your colony would have to start building lifts from the domes to the expected surface of the future ocean or lake, construct platforms for surface buildings and rocket landings, design underwater drones and other technology, and adapt to an underwater lifestyle. In other areas, you might have parts of the map flood while others remain dry. As you do this, dust devils and dust storms would probably become less common, replaced by rain showers, thunderstorms and, possibly, tornadoes.