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Tinto Maps #15 - 23rd of August 2024 - Horn of Africa

Hello, and welcome one more week to Tinto Maps! After a short break, we’re back to the duty of sharing more maps! Today the region we will look at is the Horn of Africa! So let’s take a look at it, without further ado:

Countries:
Countries.PNG

Here we have the countries around Nubia, Ethiopia, and Somalia. The first ones are organized around the ancient kingdoms of Makuria and Alodia, which control the Upper Nile region. In the second area, the Empire of Ethiopia stands as the main power, with some smaller countries around it. Finally, the two Islamic sultanates of Ifat and Ajuraan stand as the main powers in the Horn and Somalia. Finally, around the African Great Lakes, there is a country that can be considered a ‘settled’ one, Kitara.

Dynasties:
Dynasties.PNG

The dynasties of the Horn. There are some historical ones, while others are randomly generated. The most famous one is probably the Ethiopian House of Solomon, from where all their Negus come. The Walshma ruler over both Ifat and Ajuraan and we have some others, such as the Medri of Medri Bahri, the Umar of Mogadishu, the Banu Kanz of Makuria, or the Baranzi of Kitara.

Societies of Pops:
Pop-Based.PNG

A new map has popped up! Here you can see the countries that we consider as ‘Societies of Pops’, as they were presented in the last Tinto Talks. We have the famous Oromo people in the lands between Ethiopia, Ifat and Ajuraan; the Kunama, Gumuz, and Berta in the lands between Ethiopia; and Alodia, and the Zaghwa to the north of Wadai; there are a few more to the west, but I’ll share that picture in the Western Africa thread, as it’s more appropriate there. There are more Stateless Societies of this kind that we would like to add in the future, if it is possible due to our schedule.

Locations:
Locations.PNG

Locations 2.png

Locations 3.png

Locations 4.png

Locations 5.png
Locations! You might notice that the density is quite unequal. Unfortunately, the archaeological findings for the period are scarce, specially out of the most known areas and a lack of urbanization in most of the territory has made the finding of proper non-anachronistic settlements quite a challenge. Keep this in mind when making suggestions. ;) It has been that dramatic in some areas that we had to use names of tribes and rivers, a bit contradicting our own rules, but the areas had to be represented as they were active parts in the development of the region.
One thing: a big chunk of the Arabian peninsula can be seen in today’s Tinto Maps; but, please, reserve the feedback for its future DD, when we’ll show all of the peninsula. Apart from that, you can see more detailed maps if you click on the spoiler button, as usual.


Provinces:
Provinces.png


Areas:
Areas.png


Terrain:
Climate.png

Vegetation.png

Topography.png

The terrain types of the region are quite interesting and diverse. It is marked by the Rift Valley, which creates different biomes, such as the Ethiopian Highlands and Plateau, or the African Great Lakes. That also marks a divide between Arid, Tropical, and Oceanic climates. The vegetation of the region also ranges from desertic and sparse, to jungle forests. And one more note: you may also note that 'Marshes' have been renamed into 'Wetlands', as we could put some work into that suggestion the last week.

Natural Harbors:
Natural Harbors.png


Cultures:
Cultures.png

Another interesting map this week… You might notice that the lands of Ethiopia have a very mixed cultural situation. While more to the west and south, we are representing ‘tribal lands’ in a more homogeneous way, with kind of fixed boundaries to represent the different groupings. This doesn’t mean that there wouldn’t be a mixing of cultures, but this was one of the first areas to receive a minority's review and the scope was limited mostly to Ethiopia.

Religion:
Religion.png

Another interesting map! Miaphysite and Sunni are the more widespread religions in the region (while not all areas have their mixed populations, such as Nubia as you might notice, they eventually will as we cover more of the map in our sprints). Animism is completely placeholder, as usual, and you might see some pockets here and there (If you have specific suggestions, please do them). You may also notice a purple minority inside Ethiopia… That is representing the Beta Israel Judaism in the provinces of Semien, of course!

Raw Materials:
Raw Materials.png

The raw materials of this week! A big chunk of the region has livestock as its main raw material, while also having some agricultural goods as Wheat or Sturdy Grains here and there. The most unique good in the region is Coffee, which is cultivated in the Ethiopian highlands. And there are also some precious resources spread here and there, such as Gold, Ivory, Gems, and Incense.

Markets:
Markets.png

The main market centers of the region are Axum and Mogadishu, with ‘Adan/Aden being the main one controlling the access to the Red Sea. There are some weird calculations ongoing on the Somalian inner lands, that are already reported, and we’ll take a look at why is that happening.

Population:
Population.png

Population 2.png

Population 3.png

Population 4.png

Population 5.png
The population of the region! There are approximately 12.3M people in the Eastern African subcontinent; although take into account that it also comprises the regions of the Southern Great Lakes and the Swahili Coast, which we haven’t shown today, so we probably have to discount around 4M people from it (Swahili Coast accounts for 1.7M, and the Great Lakes for 4M, although that region is divided between today’s and next week’s Tinto Maps), for a total of around 8M.

That’s all for today! Speaking of next week’s Tinto Maps, it will be meaty, as it will cover Central, Eastern, and Southern Africa! See you!
 
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Amazing map especially with how they included most of northern somalia with ifat

The attention to detail is amazing

My only gripes would be the representation of somalis in the city harar

Giving the name harari for a culture group is like giving Japanese in Tokyo a different culture group or French in Paris are Parisians instead of just French

Also the bale and shewa region were places that were fought over between the ethiopian and ifat states and bale was famously known for having a mostly somali population due to islamization of the land

Even the name shiekh hussein was historically somali who came from merca a coastal city in the Sultanate of Mogadishu (ajuraan)

Regardless the map is amazing, looking forward to seeing the major wars in the horn and between ifat and abyssinia and of course the later adal

Also mogadishu sultanate at this point in time had such an amazing impact on trade in the indian ocean even with china, would love to see this in game especially the later ming treasure fleets

Here's the evidence for the harar claims as the "harari" term is mostly a city term

No different to a londoner or a new Yorker, seems very wrong to simply give an entirely different culture group to one of the largest historical capitals of an almost Mono-ethnic state

[Btw the harari term being mostly a 19th century creation should be emphasized, it's a modern term due to the recent diversity of the city due to urbanization and migration]


THE INHABITANTS OF HARAR WERE SOMALI

"The inhabitants of Harrar form the most curious of these populations. The Harraris belong to the Somali race; but they surpass these with the superiority that populations settled in cities and devoted to commerce have... No European has yet visited Harrar. The information I gathered about the city and its curious inhabitants was given to me by the representative that the Emir of Harrar sent to the king of Choa to protect the interests of those of his subjects who trade with Abyssinia. This envoy came to visit me.."
- Around the middle of the 1800s, french explorer Charles E. Xavier Rochet d'Héricourt visited the kingdom of Shoa, there he met a Harari envoy of the Emir of Harar who told him many interesting things about Harar, the inhabitants are of the Somali race but they surpass the average Somalis of the benefits that a settled population has.



[MAP OF THE ETHNICITIES OF AFRICA]
"Check map below"
- Dimitrie Ghica-Comănești prince of Romania, romanian nobleman and royal adviser, but he was also an ambitious explorer who visited the horn of Africa with his father. They together ventured deeper than any European in the Horn of Africa between 1894 and 1895 crossing today's Ethiopia, Djibouti, and Somalia, where they made notable geographical explorations and natural history discoveries. This is a map he made according to the info he gathered during his expeditions [check the map below], as you can see in this map, Harar is somali territory. As of when I'm writing this post, he has a pretty good Wikipedia page you can check out to know more about him.
This is not true, Hararis came from the not extanct harla populations. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harla_people
Please paradox be careful of bad faith actors, giving false information, I implore everyone interested to dig into the info themselves, some of these actors change up history: The following is wikipedia page for Harar, a-lot of troll somali accounts come and post unverified sources.
1724661790607.png
 
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How would the Nomadic Pastoral peoples of the Somali region be represented as part of the nations of Ifat and Ajuraan? Would there be constant fluctuations of populations through events or is there a mechanic for this sort of activity? Somalis of this period, especially those of the North were almost entirely independent of the kingdoms that ruled over them. Control was difficult. Permanent settlements existed, but the average Somali did not live in a set area. People would move from the Haud to the permanent settlements to the north and east with semi-regular consistency, which would cause the pops in these locations in the simulation to change constantly.
 
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Sorry to keep commenting, but if Ifat were given less land, specifically in the northeast, would any of the ancient Somali city states still be around? I know Sarapion became Mogadishu, Mosylon became Bosaso in Warsangali, but what about the others? I’m also sceptical to the lack of natural harbours around the Horn but not knowledgeable enough to provide input
 
This is not true, Hararis came from the not extanct harla populations. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harla_people
Please paradox be careful of bad faith actors, giving false information, I implore everyone interested to dig into the info themselves, some of these actors change up history: The following is wikipedia page for Harar, a-lot of troll somali accounts come and post unverified sources.
View attachment 1179504
Isn't it better to remove the Harari culture and expand the area of the Harla culture? After all, the Harari are the last descendants of the Harla ?
In 1337, the Afars were certainly not dominant in the south, they were a minority in the city of Asait, but they were certainly not the majority.
Unless I'm wrong.
Quote from Wikipedia
Aussa was once home to the extinct Harla people, their moniker still exists within clans in rural areas.[8] Aussa is unique to the Afar region since it is the only area today that Afar people are engaged in agriculture. Farming was established by Harla as far back as the fourteenth century.[9][10] The town also seems to have been a haven for mutineers of the Harari kingdom early on.

culture.png



Harladomain.jpg

Harla people's population distribution in the middle ages
 
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I like this starting setup, but big polities like Ethiopia, Ifat and Ajuran could be broke a bit more in vassals, tributaries and small border states, but people with more knowledge about this region than me have already made their suggestions about it.

My suggestions would be:

- Non-state peoples that in real world formed a state during game's time line should be present at game start in the map as a Society of Pops, so, they have a chance to replicate history and form a kingdom in game, this would be a good base line when deciding which peoples should be present as a Society of Pops at game start.

- Add the Shiluk people as a Society of Pops, historically they formed a kingdom in the late XV century with the capital in Fashoda (a location that is already present in the map).

- Add the arabization of Sudan as an ongoing Situation, where muslim nomads are continuously migrating to Makuria/Alodia, during this Situation and depending of the outcomes, if Alodia flips and become a region dominated by muslims it should spawn a strong Sennar/Funj tag, it is in my opinion the best way to represent the Funj/Sennar Sultanate spawn, because if I remember correctly the exact origins of the funj people is a debate not totally settled in the Academia. You could even add for this Situation the spawn of the Kingdom of Fazghuli as an Alodia rump state.

- Add Ennarea tag south of Ehtiopia, it should exist in 1337.

- Add the Oromo migrations as a Situation that can happens later in the game, one of the outcomes of this Situation should be Ennarea flipping to Limmu-Ennarea and the spawn of others Oromo Kingdoms in the region as Gera, Gumma, Gomma and Jimma.

- Add a tag for the Kingdom of Yamma/Janjiro/Janjero, it is a Sidamo kingdom with little historical registers but we know that it existed (also, it is present in EU4), its capital is the Fofa location (already present in the map), if you judge that it should not exist in 1337 at least put it in te game as a possible separatist tag.

- Add the Tunjur migration as a Situation in Daju that can flip or broke the Daju tag and spawn the Tunjur kingdom and one of the clans inside Tunjur should have a chance to spawn the Darfur Sultanate later.
 
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Here is my proposal to add some cities to the Dongola region.
The name of the Dongola region comes from the name of the Nubian Danagla tribe.

The province of Makuria changes its name to Dongola. The province of Dongola covers the area from the third cataract of the Nile to the city of Korti.
In later years, as many as four Muslim kingdoms of the Bedaria tribe were established in this area - this region marks the area dominated by this tribe.
Kingdoms of the Bedaria tribe
-Argo
The historical Kingdom of Argo, which arose in the Dongola region around the fourteenth century AD, continued to rule the region as an independent kingdom within the framework of the decentralized system that ruled Sudan under the Blue Sultanate. It remained until the Turkish-Egyptian invasion led by Ismail Pasha ended its independence as a kingdom in 1821 AD. Its last king, King Tambal VII, was exiled to Egypt . After the Turkish rule was established in Sudan , King Tambal was restored as ruler of the Argo Kingdom region under the administration of a Turkish director. Later, when the Mahdist Revolution took place , Muhammad bin King Hamad was appointed to succeed his fathers in power. During the era of the Anglo-Egyptian rule, the native administration was established and the native rule was divided into mayors and Nazirs. The descendants of the king's family took over those administrations, the last of whom before the abolition of the native administration was Nazir Sheikh Al-Zubair Hamad Al-Malik . Argo Island is north of the current city of Dongola , near the lands of Al-Mahas in the far north of Sudan . It is a large island on the Nile that was the seat of rule of the Al-Hakam family.
-Dongola/Tenqsi
Tangasi is considered an extension of Old Dongola , and is one of the Badriya kingdoms
-Daffar
The Daffar were the people of leadership and kingship, and their kingdom was among the four kingdoms established by the Bediriyya during the reign of the Funj Sultanate (1504-1821 AD), namely Daffar, Abkar, Tanqasi, and Khandaq. Some manuscripts add to them the Kingdom of Khanaq and the Kingdom of Argo. The capital of the Daffar Kingdom was the village of Daffar, located on the eastern bank of the Nile, which is currently known as “Jaqanarti”. During the reign of King Nasser bin Hamad bin Muhammad bin Salah bin Maswa Al-Kabir, the Daffar were invaded by their neighbors, the Shaigiya, at the hands of King Jawish Al-Kabir , which led to the fall of their kingdom before the Turkish-Egyptian invasion (1820 AD). After that invasion, most of the Daffar population migrated to the western bank of the Nile , where the villages of Jazirat Qanti , Mansourkti , Husseinari, Umm Bakul , and Kurti are located , and some of them migrated to various parts of central , eastern, and western Sudan .

-Khandaq
Al-Khandaq was one of the ancient kingdoms before Islam , due to its distinguished location from other villages that surround it to the north, south and east. Al-Khandaq is located on the western bank of the Nile , about 12 kilometers north of Al-Gold, ten kilometers south of Orba and 70 kilometers south of Dongola . The reason for naming Al-Khandaq with this name: Some accounts say that the first Arab Muslims who entered the Dongola region are the ones who named it Al-Khandaq. Al-Khandaq was known by its king, it is said: Khandaq Bashir. It was mentioned in the Encyclopedia of Tribes and Genealogies by Aoun Al-Sharif that King Bashir Al-Badri, the king of Al-Khandaq, is said to have lived in the Red Fort and dug the trench around it to prevent raids by the Shaigiya and the Danagla . It is fortified due to its natural location that distinguishes it. There are currently traces of the Red Fort, or (Al-Qila Qila). In the Danagla dialect, it is said Qala (fortress) Qila (red) and it is also said Qalu Qila (Qalu the highest thing in the palm tree). It is about 2300 years old and it is said more than that. It continued until the Turks entered.
Historical maps

Dongola -Bedaria.png

Dongola -Bea.png


Dongola Province
- Argo
-Maragha/Maraka - New Dongola
Modern Dongola (aka New Dongola or Dongola Urdu) was originally an irrelevant village called Maraka until fugitive Mamluks turned it into a capital in the early 19th century. Old Dongola was abandoned around that time and Maraka assumed its name.
Dongola.png

-Khandak
Khandaq is one of the most important cities and had great commercial importance in later years.
- Urbi
- Dongola
- Tangasi - The capital of the Tenqsi/Tangasi principality

- Korti
- Defar/Deffar
Defar.png

Defar.png
City locations on an old map from 1840
city.png



Zrzut ekranu 2025-01-04 203046.png
 
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Hey everyone,

I’ve been exploring the "Natural Harbor" map mode in Project Tinto, and it got me wondering—how does the game decide which locations are marked as natural harbours? Are these locations based purely on geographical features like the shape of the coastline and the presence of sheltered waters? Or do they also take into account historical trade routes and strategic positioning? I’d love to hear more about how the development team designed this feature and what considerations were taken into account.

Thanks in advance!
 
There are at least 4 countries missing in the Horn of Africa.
Hadiya, which was ruled by Garad Amano during the Ethiopian king Amda Seyon (1314 – 1344), which in turn subdued to Ethiopia around 1332, so they would be a vassal state.
The second tag is the Warsangali Sultanate, as well as the Tanade Sultanate in the Bari region, east of Warsangali.
The Tanade kingdom emerged around 1237 by Ugas Mahamed Aw Maki (Ugas is the term for king). So by the Project Caesar start date of 1337, the ruler there would possibly be Ugas Hobanle, the 4th ruler in the line of the dynasty, or his predecessor Ugas Dirir, as it is unclear how long those figures ruled, but would personally assume an average of 25 years.
Sources for Tanade (which is the Somali and most likely therefore English name):

https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laylkase

The 4th country would be Harla, a smaller kingdom in between Ethiopia and Ifat. But there were also other smaller entities in the Awash basin.


Would love to see them to be included, as the Horn of Africa in Eu4 was also really poorly, if not partially mis-represented.
In my understanding, the Kingdom of Damot might also make more sense as an Ethiopian vassal state
 
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Proposal to Add a New Province of Mahas
This is the region inhabited by the Nubian Mahas.

Mahas.png

IMG_20231229_103707_844.jpg

Mahas Province
- Kokka
Capital of the Kingdom of Kokka
- Delgo
Delgo is the capital of the Mahas region.
- Jawgul
The capital of the Jawgul kingdom.
Zrzut ekranu 2025-01-04 201423.png

There is information in local stories that the rulers of Dongola chose one of the Kokka inhabitants to become the king of their people. This was Melk el-Nasir, who was famous for having studied at Al-Azhar University in Cairo. He began the line of Kokka kings, until which included 14 successive rulers. The last one was crowned in 1878.The ritual of conferring the title of King Kokka took place on the top of Sesi Hill, at the highest point of the ruined defensive building. It was supposed to refer to the history and relations with the rulers of Dongola.
It also appears that in the mid-18th century and early 19th century there was a Jawgul kingdom in the region. Supposedly, the first three kings ruled before the advent of Turkish rule in 1820. The first king was named Takrur Kablol.
A defensive structure erected on Sesi Hill, photo taken in the 1930s by RAF pilots.
IMG_20231229_110720_049.jpg
3cat.jpg
The images come from the Polish book by Mariusz Drzewiecki, Defense Buildings in Upper Nubia.
 
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@Pavía can portugueses sources be used to support feedback in Tinto Maps? Someone in the team knows how to read in portuguese?

Asking because non-english sources for Kongo Kingdom (next Tinto Map) and pre-columbian Brazil are more detailed and abundant in portuguese.
Yes, we have a couple of Brazilians in the team, and a bunch of Spanish can also read it without much problem.
 
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So I don't think writing should be a criterion for settled societies, but I see you've been not following that rule either (eg. in the Kingdoms of West Africa like Benin which to my knowledge no written script)
In some cases we may account for oral record-keeping, if all the other factors to consider a polity a state are there (which in the case of Western Africa, makes a lot of sense, as their societies relied much more heavily on that compared to written record-keeping).
 
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What role do you expect these locations to contribute during a game, if they don't have Societies duking it out, interacting with and potentially threatening the settled nations? Then they do nothing but get colonized. Depending on how slow colonization speed is in this region, either every game will see Ethiopia and Somalia ahistorically blob deep into the African interior, or colonizing them will be such a tall order that nobody has a realistic chance it it most games- making including the locations as playable territory at all largely pointless.
For us, it was important to represent all the inhabited parts of the world as accurately as possible, first and foremost. Then we will try to see how much can we do towards making some interesting gameplay regarding them, as it's quite complex and non-trivial (we would need to make the Societies of Pops work fine first, then link the horizontal societies properly into that gameplay loop, etc.), so right now they're pretty much 'colonizable land', yes.
 
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Topography analysis time!

I was both looking forward and dreading to review this region, as this is a véry complex region topograpy wise.
Underneath I present my view on how the topography should or could be expressed, but realise that there are many many ways one could redesign this map.

As this map is HUGE, i made 3000x3000 px maps this time around.

I sunk a good 6 hours into reviewing the topography for this Tinto Maps, so here goes nothing.

Summary:
  • The mountains and hills of Southern Arabia should be more pronounced with the addition of a few more impassable ranges
  • Ethiopian rift could to do with lots more mountains and hills
  • The wetlands of Bahr al Jabal should extend to more locations according to the Peatlands map (Peat-ML).
  • The East African Rift system is too extreme in indication of both mountain ranges and impassable ranges
This time no extensive changelog, because dear goodness there are a lot of locations!

As usual, potential 'ridge crossings' as purple lines. Again, I made my topographical suggestions independently of these crossings, so feel free to ignore them while interpreting these maps.
Current Topography according to TintoSuggested Topography'Changelog' of suggested topography
View attachment 1178761View attachment 1178763View attachment 1178764

Terrain Ruggedness Index, with an aditional indication of plateaus >2500 m in heightLinear colorscale DEM
(0 - 3750 m)
Exaggerated Lower Topography
(0 - 3750 m)
Distribution of Wetlands according to the Peat-ML map
View attachment 1178765View attachment 1178766View attachment 1178767View attachment 1178768
Great, as usual! :)
 
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Pardon my ignorance, but what does "sturdy grains" represent? I figure non-cereal grains (in this region I assume it's representing lovegrass specifically)?
Also what would "medicaments" represent? Ingredients for medicine (be it traditional medicine or what little you can call actual medicine at this time)?
In-game descriptions:
Sturdy Grains are different kinds of cereal grasses that have been domesticated in many parts of the World at different points in time ever since the Neolithic. Their greater resistance to poor quality soils and dry conditions have made them into a more important food source in semi-arid regions compared to other kinds of grain.
A wide variety of plants and animal products have been used throughout history to treat all kinds of illnesses, due to their medicinal properties or supposition thereof. Some were more based on actual properties than others, while in some cases it was more a matter of belief in their effectiveness.
 
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Hey everyone,

I’ve been exploring the "Natural Harbor" map mode in Project Tinto, and it got me wondering—how does the game decide which locations are marked as natural harbours? Are these locations based purely on geographical features like the shape of the coastline and the presence of sheltered waters? Or do they also take into account historical trade routes and strategic positioning? I’d love to hear more about how the development team designed this feature and what considerations were taken into account.

Thanks in advance!
I'll post something related to that soon, I think.
 
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Proposal to Add a New Province of Sukkot/Sukot
This region is inhabited by the Nubian Sukkot tribe, closely related to the Mahas tribe.

Sukkot1.png

Sukkot.png

Sukkot Province
-Dal/Ferkinarti
(Ferkinarti / Diffinarti)
-Sai
-Abri
It is one of the oldest Nubian cities and the capital of the Sukkot region .
Zrzut ekranu 2025-01-04 201843.png



 
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