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Tinto Maps #15 - 23rd of August 2024 - Horn of Africa

Hello, and welcome one more week to Tinto Maps! After a short break, we’re back to the duty of sharing more maps! Today the region we will look at is the Horn of Africa! So let’s take a look at it, without further ado:

Countries:
Countries.PNG

Here we have the countries around Nubia, Ethiopia, and Somalia. The first ones are organized around the ancient kingdoms of Makuria and Alodia, which control the Upper Nile region. In the second area, the Empire of Ethiopia stands as the main power, with some smaller countries around it. Finally, the two Islamic sultanates of Ifat and Ajuraan stand as the main powers in the Horn and Somalia. Finally, around the African Great Lakes, there is a country that can be considered a ‘settled’ one, Kitara.

Dynasties:
Dynasties.PNG

The dynasties of the Horn. There are some historical ones, while others are randomly generated. The most famous one is probably the Ethiopian House of Solomon, from where all their Negus come. The Walshma ruler over both Ifat and Ajuraan and we have some others, such as the Medri of Medri Bahri, the Umar of Mogadishu, the Banu Kanz of Makuria, or the Baranzi of Kitara.

Societies of Pops:
Pop-Based.PNG

A new map has popped up! Here you can see the countries that we consider as ‘Societies of Pops’, as they were presented in the last Tinto Talks. We have the famous Oromo people in the lands between Ethiopia, Ifat and Ajuraan; the Kunama, Gumuz, and Berta in the lands between Ethiopia; and Alodia, and the Zaghwa to the north of Wadai; there are a few more to the west, but I’ll share that picture in the Western Africa thread, as it’s more appropriate there. There are more Stateless Societies of this kind that we would like to add in the future, if it is possible due to our schedule.

Locations:
Locations.PNG

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Locations! You might notice that the density is quite unequal. Unfortunately, the archaeological findings for the period are scarce, specially out of the most known areas and a lack of urbanization in most of the territory has made the finding of proper non-anachronistic settlements quite a challenge. Keep this in mind when making suggestions. ;) It has been that dramatic in some areas that we had to use names of tribes and rivers, a bit contradicting our own rules, but the areas had to be represented as they were active parts in the development of the region.
One thing: a big chunk of the Arabian peninsula can be seen in today’s Tinto Maps; but, please, reserve the feedback for its future DD, when we’ll show all of the peninsula. Apart from that, you can see more detailed maps if you click on the spoiler button, as usual.


Provinces:
Provinces.png


Areas:
Areas.png


Terrain:
Climate.png

Vegetation.png

Topography.png

The terrain types of the region are quite interesting and diverse. It is marked by the Rift Valley, which creates different biomes, such as the Ethiopian Highlands and Plateau, or the African Great Lakes. That also marks a divide between Arid, Tropical, and Oceanic climates. The vegetation of the region also ranges from desertic and sparse, to jungle forests. And one more note: you may also note that 'Marshes' have been renamed into 'Wetlands', as we could put some work into that suggestion the last week.

Natural Harbors:
Natural Harbors.png


Cultures:
Cultures.png

Another interesting map this week… You might notice that the lands of Ethiopia have a very mixed cultural situation. While more to the west and south, we are representing ‘tribal lands’ in a more homogeneous way, with kind of fixed boundaries to represent the different groupings. This doesn’t mean that there wouldn’t be a mixing of cultures, but this was one of the first areas to receive a minority's review and the scope was limited mostly to Ethiopia.

Religion:
Religion.png

Another interesting map! Miaphysite and Sunni are the more widespread religions in the region (while not all areas have their mixed populations, such as Nubia as you might notice, they eventually will as we cover more of the map in our sprints). Animism is completely placeholder, as usual, and you might see some pockets here and there (If you have specific suggestions, please do them). You may also notice a purple minority inside Ethiopia… That is representing the Beta Israel Judaism in the provinces of Semien, of course!

Raw Materials:
Raw Materials.png

The raw materials of this week! A big chunk of the region has livestock as its main raw material, while also having some agricultural goods as Wheat or Sturdy Grains here and there. The most unique good in the region is Coffee, which is cultivated in the Ethiopian highlands. And there are also some precious resources spread here and there, such as Gold, Ivory, Gems, and Incense.

Markets:
Markets.png

The main market centers of the region are Axum and Mogadishu, with ‘Adan/Aden being the main one controlling the access to the Red Sea. There are some weird calculations ongoing on the Somalian inner lands, that are already reported, and we’ll take a look at why is that happening.

Population:
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The population of the region! There are approximately 12.3M people in the Eastern African subcontinent; although take into account that it also comprises the regions of the Southern Great Lakes and the Swahili Coast, which we haven’t shown today, so we probably have to discount around 4M people from it (Swahili Coast accounts for 1.7M, and the Great Lakes for 4M, although that region is divided between today’s and next week’s Tinto Maps), for a total of around 8M.

That’s all for today! Speaking of next week’s Tinto Maps, it will be meaty, as it will cover Central, Eastern, and Southern Africa! See you!
 
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I'm pretty sure the Christian countries should have Nubian or Ge'ez/Ethiopic as their liturgical languages, not Coptic.
Only Ethiopia. The Nubian church was in the orbit of Egypt; the Ethiopian church was functionally independent. Longer dump post will probably be written with more detail.
 
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With all due respect, it probably is more appropriate to simply have a way to model settler colony formation, which accounts for West/Central Sudanic hajjis. The Hausa, Fulani, Bornu, etc were well known to establish settlements and minority populations along popular hajj locations, but adding a minor territory which was not a state until well after the start date (1337), simply to represent them, seems unnecessary.
I did not propose adding the Tukrīr/Qallabat sultanate in 1337, but naming the province after the name of the sultanate. In 1337, the Beja Mazaga sulatanate may have existed in these lands. The date of the establishment of the sultanate is unknown, but it appears on old maps.
 
Are there any Nubian states besides Alodia that have Miaphysite rulers at a start date? I'm mostly interested about Makuria. History regarding this issue is somewhat murky.
 
Are there any Nubian states besides Alodia that have Miaphysite rulers at a start date?

Al-Abwab​

This kingdom is Christian, although the date of its fall is unknown. On the former territories of this kingdom, two Arabized Nubian states were established: the kingdom of Djaaliyyun (Shendi)/d'Al Gal ruled by the Sadab family and the Berber/Mirafab kingdom ruled by the Timsah family.


As for Makuria, it seems that the Banu Kanz tribe lost power over the Country in 1333 and the power passed into the hands of a Christian king named Siti, but the former ruler of the Banu Kanz tribe Kanz el-Dawla is still alive. It is not known whether he still controls Dongole or rules from Aswan. where he had landholdings and where the Banu Kanz tribe had power.

It is possible that in 1337/1365 Dongola is under the control of some Arab Sunni tribe and the ruler of the country is King Paper.
This tribe may be the Bedaria tribe which had 4 kingdoms in this region, it is possible that there was one kingdom which later divided into several smaller ones.

There is also the kingdom of Kokka/Mahas which could have been a Christian country but over time it became Islamized.
 
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A small suggestion.
1733895928141.png

1733895980175.png

1733895987536.png

From this we can work out a few things:
1733896017700.png

  1. Banu Kanz. While in a few decades they'll expand eastward and take the coast, right now they're likely still in the desert "land of the mines" for which they migrated to hundreds of years ago. An important detail is that the "Kanz al-Dalwa" is the title given to their leader, who is now also sitting on the throne of Makuria; hence, these two states should be in a personal union (which given the volume of coups in Makuria in this period, won't last especially long).
  2. 'Ikrima. An Arab tribe and later ally of the Banu Kanz, who will ultimately back a later pretender of Makuria in a few decades and use that as pretention to take the southern half of the kingdom.
Also, a small detail worth noting:
1733896436088.png

So whatever states exist in 'Aydhab and Suakin are two decades out from being throttled by the Mamluks. By 1367 they'll cease existing entirely.
 
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'Ikrima. An Arab tribe and later ally of the Banu Kanz, who will ultimately back a later pretender of Makuria in a few decades and use that as pretention to take the southern half of the kingdom.
Do you have any evidence that Banu Ikrima controls the border lands of Makuria and al-Abwab?
 
Do you have any evidence that Banu Ikrima controls the border lands of Makuria and al-Abwab?
For that specific tribe? No, but presumably given their position as both backing a coup against the King of Dongola and being allies of the Banu Kanz, that they would have to be adjacent to both. That, plus the cultural map indicating that this area is populated by Arabs, led me to what I proposed above.
 
For that specific tribe? No, but presumably given their position as both backing a coup against the King of Dongola and being allies of the Banu Kanz, that they would have to be adjacent to both. That, plus the cultural map indicating that this area is populated by Arabs, led me to what I proposed above.
Personally, I would place the Banu Ikrima tribe in the region, Central atbai.
It is not known who controlled this region in 1337. The rulers of Suakin probably had no power here, while the rulers of Aydhab may have had some influence here.

 
So hereabouts?
View attachment 1229544
They can then expand westward over time.
It seems that the island of Meinarti/Mikael should be the capital of the Akarma/Ikrima tribe.


banu ikrima.png

akarma.png

akkk.png

 
It seems that the island of Meinarti/Mikael should be the capital of the Akarma/Ikrima tribe.


View attachment 1229882
View attachment 1229887
View attachment 1229896
Sounds like the Arab tribes in question were in the middle of migrating from Upper Egypt and had yet to actually cross into (or through) Nubia in 1337.

In that case, my suggestion is just for the Banu Kanz.
 
I reworked my old Wikipedia map of Alodia / Alwa:

Approximate_extension_of_Alodia_based_on_accounts_of_Ibn_Hawqal.png


Note that Alwa had disintegrated into various successor polities by the late 13th century.
Dujn is definitely the kingdom of the Taka/Derkin/Dekin of the Halenga tribe.

Tafljen may be the name of the Teawa/Tawawa Mountains.
Zrzut ekranu 2024-12-15 202447.png

Approximate_extension_of_Alodia_based_on_accounts_of_Ibn_Hawqal.png
 
I reworked my old Wikipedia map of Alodia / Alwa:

Approximate_extension_of_Alodia_based_on_accounts_of_Ibn_Hawqal.png


Note that Alwa had disintegrated into various successor polities by the late 13th century.
Could you add the date to the map? It is usually a bummer when maps are not dated since one cannot place them in the chronology of things. Thanks in advance.
 
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It wouldbe nice if the Magyarabs were represented with an event if the Ottomans have conquered Hungary:
Magyarab people today live in Sudan and Egypt that are of hungarian descent. They arrived in 16th Century to Africa.
 
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In lieu of known precolonial towns, maybe individual sub-tribes would be a good starting point for new locations in South Sudan? The region doesn't need to be high density, but currently it looks like one of the lowest density regions in game, which won't be good for gameplay. Here are some maps that may be useful:

1734965041251.png

source
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source
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source
 
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Ifat sultanate never controlled this much of Horn of Africa, I understand that the sources on Somalia are dire and mostly oral but based on works of Ibn Battuta and Warsangali claiming some existence in this time I think something like this with mixed representation of Somali clans and sultanates.

1735236176542.png
1735236418410.png
 
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