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Tinto Maps #18 - 13th of September 2024 - Persia & Caucasus

Hello everyone, and welcome to one more Tinto Maps! Today we will be taking a look at Persia and the Caucasus! These are regions that encompass several modern-day countries and regions (Iraq, Iran, Balochistan, Afghanistan, Transoxiana, etc.), but for the sake of simplicity, we decided to name this DD this. Let’s start, without further ado!

Countries:
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The region is quite interesting in 1337, as there are plenty of countries to play with. The Ilkhanate is still alive, but in name only, the real power being hosted by the Jalayirids, who are overlords of some of their neighbors (the Chobanids, and the Eretnids). Other countries, such as Gurgan, the Kartids, and Muzaffarids are also struggling to get the hegemony over the region. Meanwhile, the strongest power in the Caucasus is the Kingdom of Georgia, although the region is also quite fragmented among different polities.

Ilkhanate.png

And speaking of the Ilkhanate, you may have wondered why isn’t it a unified tag… Well, it’s because we consider that it is clearly in decadence, having lost any grasp of authority over the provinces, so the best way of portraying it is through an International Organization. What we can see in this mapmode is that there are two pretenders to get the power, the Jalayarids and Gurgan, with the other countries still being formally part of it. I won’t talk more today about how it works and its features, but I’ll just say that there are two clear fates for the Ilkhanate: being dissolved, as historically happened, or being restored in full power as a unified country.

Dynasties:
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Not much to say today about the dynasties, as they’re akin to the country names, in most cases. Well, you might wonder which one is the yellow one, ruling over Gurgan… That country is ruled by the Borgijin, heirs of Genghis Khan. Now you get the full picture of their rule over the Ilkhanate being challenged by the Jalayirids, I think…

Locations:
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Provinces:
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Areas:
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Terrain:
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We’re back to a region with lots of different climates, topography, and vegetation. This will make it very unique, gameplay and looking-wise.

Harbors:
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You might notice that there are ports in the Caspian Sea… Because, well, it’s considered a sea in our game, so there can be ships and navies over it.

Cultures:
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There's quite a lot of cultural division throughout the region... The Caucasus is, well, the Caucasus, divided among lots of different people. Then we have the Iraqi and Kurdish in Iraq, Persian and a number of other cultures in Iran, Baloch in Balochistan, Afghan in Afghanistan, and Khorasani, Turkmen, Khorezm, Hazara, and Tajiks, among others, in Khorasan and Transoxiana.

Religions:
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Another interesting religious situation. Orthodox is the main religion in Georgia, and Miaphysitism in Armenia, with other confessions spread here and there throughout the Caucasus (Khabzeism, and three 'Pagan' confessions, Karachay-Balkar, Vainakh, and Lezgin). Then Iraq is divided among Sunni, to the north, and Shiism, to the south. And Iran is in an interesting situation, having a Sunni majority, but with some important Shiite pockets here and there. And Zoroastrianism, of course. It was not trivial to properly portray them, as we don't have good data for the 14th century. So what we did was some calculations, between sources that tell that there was still a majority as late as the 11th century, and the religion becoming severely reduced by the 16th century. Therefore, we decided to go with 20% of the population as a general rule of thumb; however, we're quite open to feedback over this matter.

Raw Materials:
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This region is full of rich resources, in stark contrast to the one we showed last week, Arabia. There are a couple of bugs on this mapmode that you might spot, I think.

Markets:
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This region has several markets: Tabriz, Baghdad, Esfahan, Hormuz, Nishapur, and Zaranj., This will make for regionally fragmented-but-integrated economies (that is, good market access everyhwere, but with regionally diverging economies).

Population:
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The total population of the region is around 9M, taking into account all the different areas that we’re showing today. That is divided into about 4.5M in Iran, 2M in Iraq, 1.5M in the Caucasus, and around 1.5M in Transoxiana.

And that’s all for today! Next Friday we will be taking a look at India! Yes, in its entirety; we think that it is the best way to do it, although we’ll talk more about it next week. Another change, only for next week: the DD will be published at 10:00 instead of the regular 15:00, as I won’t be available in the afternoon to reply. Letting you know so there’s a proper wow-pole-run, yes. See you!
 

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I think you could add the small Shia kingdom of Hilla/Hillah Ruled by a ruler from the Banu Qatadah dynasty to the game.
Quote from German Wikipedia:
Thus, in 1330, Ahmad, the son of the Sharif Rumaitha, was appointed ruler of the Shiite city of Hilla in Iraq by Abū Saʿīd . Supported by the surrounding Arab tribes, he was also able to bring Kufa under his control until he was assassinated by the Jalairid Hasan Bozorg in 1342.
hhh.png
 
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Do you think "Karluk" might be a better name for the Turks in central asia? "Karakhanid" feels sort of inappropriate and confusing since it's just the name of an extinct dynasty that nobody really cares about at this point.
Maybe. Problem with "Karluk" is that it would include Uyghurs. Other options based on alternative names of the Kara-Khanid Khanate are possible.
Karakhanids were not a dynasty. It was a confederation of tribes that built a Khanate that lasted until their displacement by the Kara-Khitai, and was probably the source of modern Karluk languages.
 
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If the Caspian is a sea, will it be possible to eventually construct a canal in the Don-Volga basin to allow ships to cross-over between the Black Sea and the Caspian? It was considered by both the Ottomans and the Russians at various points in the 1700-1800's, though it was eventually deemed economically unfeasible.

And if not, is that because of a technical limitation of the game engine (the need to simulate navigable rivers etc.) or some other design choice on your part?
 
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We already have it, per country, although we're still working to improve it.
Hey Pavia, would you consider a population density mode (population of location divided by number of pixels of location, or something like that)? I think most players don't care about a nation population map mode, as that can be handled via ledger, but it would be interesting to see what the population density around the world is, and it would probably have a less problematic color gradient
 
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Arent we right about the time of Timur, will there be events to spawn important events or will it be like CK3 where it's up to us to RP that Timur existed?
 
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We already have it, per country, although we're still working to improve it.
I think there should be a worldwide solution in some way. For me it is impossible to read all those numbers. I believe a logarithmic scale and more colours in the palette(red, yellow, green + blue, purple, white) can fix all problems with population map modes. It will also be quite intuitive foe players of eu4 as it will be continuation of development mapmode.
 
Maritime presence in Astrakhan market, for example. And yes, we have made it a sea because we have planned that we can get those issues solved with the current game systems, otherwise we wouldn't, and would have stayed as lake/s.

So can we build a canal there like in the suez?
 
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not at all, "azeri" is an exonym. Basically no one uses it in Azerbaijan (including Republic of Azerbaijan and Iranian Azerbaijan). Some even consider it an insult. Because this exonym is being used as a tool to manipulate Azerbaijanis, "oh, you are not Turks, you are originally this Azeri/Adhari people who forgot their Iranian language and started speaking Turkish for some reason"

And of course? if some random Azerbaijani person goes to a foreign country and if someone asks him "are you Azeri" he would probably say "yes" without bothering explaining anything.
Don't know about azerbaijani ppl but in irans azerbaijan ppl do call themselves azeri they have been calling themselves azeri for centuries in fact
 
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Maybe. Problem with "Karluk" is that it would include Uyghurs. Other options based on alternative names of the Kara-Khanid Khanate are possible.
Karakhanids were not a dynasty. It was a confederation of tribes that built a Khanate that lasted until their displacement by the Kara-Khitai, and was probably the source of modern Karluk languages.
Wouldn't Karakhanid also include altishahr Turks? In fact, I am prepared to argue that central asian Turks and altishahr Turks should be the same culture, especially since the latter shouldn't be called "Uyghurs" at all since nobody called them that until the 19th century.
 
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not at all, "azeri" is an exonym. Basically no one uses it in Azerbaijan (including Republic of Azerbaijan and Iranian Azerbaijan). Some even consider it an insult. Because this exonym is being used as a tool to manipulate Azerbaijanis, "oh, you are not Turks, you are originally this Azeri/Adhari people who forgot their Iranian language and started speaking Turkish for some reason"

And of course? if some random Azerbaijani person goes to a foreign country and if someone asks him "are you Azeri" he would probably say "yes" without bothering explaining anything.
Most reasonable turkic nationalist.
 
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Wait, this TM includes Transoxiana.

You have made a grave mistake, because I have suggestions.

First, an image:
transoxiana.jpg

Apologies for the quality; taking photos of a book can be rather challenging.

My source for all of this is The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane (Manz, 1989).

Firstly, the Kartids should absolutely not hold Balkh at this time. That territory was taken in raids/grants in 1320 or so (it's rather complicated, but we know that by 1334 it absolutely was within the Chaghatai sphere). Similarly, they should also not hold Qandahar or Qalat. The location of Qandahar (not the region, just the location) should belong to the Mihrabanids. Quetta (the region) should not (we have no documented evidence of Timur sacking Quetta or Kalat, but do for his sacking of Qandahar).

Now, with that out of the way, what should the Chaghatai Khanate look like? Here's a map:
Untitled.png

1 are the Arlat, who are subject to 2, the Apardï. 3 are the Besüd, which might be outright independent (there's very little info so it's hard to say; if nothing else if they're a subject it's rather tenuous, and I cannot say the extent of their eastern border without a full map). 4 are the Qara'unas; the regions of Qandahar (not the location!) and Quetta belong to the Negüderī, a subject of theirs. The Apardï might also be a part of the Qara'unas; we don't know for sure. 5 are the indigenous Shahs of Badakhshan; 6 are the Suldus, 7 are the Khuttālanī emirs. 8 are the Barlas, 9 are the Yasa'urī, and 10 are the Jalayirs. The Arlat, Barlas, Jalayir, and Suldus are Turco-Mongolian tribes ruled by aristocratic clans. The Yasa'urī, Apardï, Khuttālanī, and Negüderī are troop formations that obtained political power and became entities in their own right. They passed power within themselves, but not necessarily from father to son. They held hereditary rights to an army and a territory to rule. There are also armies that didn't hold land (Qipchaq) and tribes or remnants of tribes that held no land of their own, though for the most part those were absorbed into other tribes but held a distinct identity (though no political power). I ommitted them for simplicity. The Jalayirs and Suldus are much more prone to fracturing compared to the Barlas.

Notably, the Chaghatai Khanate is in the middle of a collapse; by 1347 the eastern half will break away into its own thing (Moghulistan) and the western half should form into a Chaghatai Ulus IO with a nominal "ruling" tribe (whichever one is running the show with associated puppet khan) and an ability to unify the whole thing. Moghulistan should also be able to be a player in this, attempting to reunify the whole thing by force.

Historically, Timur would rise to lead the Barlas, unify the western half, and... well, you know the rest.
 
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Wouldn't Karakhanid also include altishahr Turks? In fact, I am prepared to argue that central asian Turks and altishahr Turks should be the same culture, especially since the latter shouldn't be called "Uyghurs" at all since nobody called them that until the 19th century.
It probably would, but the alternative is a confusing name scheme, so idk.
 
I would like to suggest that the Mandaeans, notable for being one of the world's oldest surviving dualistic religions to this day, and also known for its possible connections to ancient sects like the Essenes and the early Gnostic Christians, and a potential mention in the Quran, be represented in the regions of Southern Iraq and Southwestern Iran.

According to the article “MANDAEANS iv. COMMUNITY IN IRAN” in the Encyclopædia Iranica, the largest population of Mandaeans were in cities such as Baghdad, Basra, and, historically, ʿAmāra on the Tigris, An Nāṣeriya, Suq-al-Šoyukҳ on the Euphrates, and in Qurna. In the region of Iran, the Mandaeans historically had a sizable population in the cities of Khorramshahr and Shushtar.



Sources:

1. Jorunn Jacobsen Buckley, "MANDAEANS iv. COMMUNITY IN IRAN," Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, 2012, available at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/mandaeans-4 (accessed on 13 September 2024).
 
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