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Tinto Maps #23 - 18th of October 2024 - China

Hello, and welcome to another week of Tinto’s fun Maps. This week it will be a huge one, as we will take a look at the entirety of China. It is a really big area, but it didn’t make sense to split it into multiple parts to present it separately, so we are showing it all at once. So, without further ado, let’s get started.

Countries
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Colored impassables.png

Obviously the territory is dominated by Yuán, with Dali as its vassal. They appear big, strong, and scary, but they will have their own fair share of problems for sure. I will not go into detail into the countries that can be seen further south, as we will talk about Southeast Asia in a future Tinto Maps.

Societies of Pops
SoP.png

Quite a variety of peoples in Southwest China, as you will see later in the culture maps.

Dynasties
Dynasties.png

Here we finally have managed to catch the full name of the Borjigin dynasty in all its glory.

Locations
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Before you ask, there are around 1800 locations in China proper, not counting impassables and barring possible counting errors.

Provinces
Provinces.png

Provinces zoom 1.png
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Areas
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Terrain
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You will notice here that there are few locations assigned as "farmlands", that's because when we did this part of the map there was yet not a clear criteria on how we would be defining the farmlands and their placement here hasn't been reviewed yet.

Development
Development.png

As mentioned before, the harsh changes of development at the end of China proper is probably too strong right now and it’s something that will have to be reviewed, especially at the Liáodōng area.

Natural Harbors
Natural Harbors.png


Cultures
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There is a lot of cultural variation in China, not only among the sinitic peoples (which have been divided according to their linguistical and dialectal differences) but also having many other types of non-sinitic peoples. The resulting pie chart for the cultures of the country is a wonder to see indeed. And even if Yuán itself is Mongolian, there are actually very few Mongolian people in the country, as only the ruling class would belong to it. That is one other source of further trouble for Yuán.

Religions
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Considering religion, there is also a lot of variation in the South West, and one thing you will notice is the clear lack of “Animism”. We have finally eliminated Animism as a religion from the game and have divided it into many multiple ones. Besides this, and some Muslim presence in some areas, there are other small pockets of religions that do not get to appear in the map, like Manichaeism, Nestorianism, Judaism and Zoroastrianism. And the elephant in the room is the Mahayana, that we have already mentioned that we have plans on dividing it, but more on it at the end.

Raw Materials
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A very resource rich region, which makes it understandable that China was able to basically be self-sufficient in terms of resources for long periods in history, and with many sources of highly appreciated resources like silk, tea, and even soybeans. Another interesting thing is the division on the preference of grain cultivation, with rice being more prominent in the south while the north tends to favor wheat and sturdy grains (millet, basically).

Markets
Markets.png


Population
Population.png

Population zoom 1.png
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Yes, there’s a lot of population in China, and with that many people and that many resources it obviously has a lot of potential. We have been following population census of 1351 and 1393, which allows us to have the most accurate values we can have.

Now, before closing off, let me turn back once again to the subject of religion, as it has already been pointed out that having a single Mahayana religion covering both China and Tibet (and parts of India) may not be the best both for accuracy and gameplay reasons, and we basically agree with it so we are planning on reworking a bit but it hasn’t been done in time for this Tinto Maps. However, as we are aware that you are not able to provide proper feedback unless we present you something, let me now share with you what are our plans with it. Please keep in mind that I will NOT go into details about their mechanics, and only talk about their distribution.

First of all, Tibetan Buddhism will be split and turned into its own religion. Although it “technically” is part of the Mahayana branch, it is true that its practices have distinguished it from Chinese Buddhism enough to represent it as its own religion, starting from the fact that they do not follow the same canon. The Mahayana that was present in India was already an outlier from start, so it will be made into its own religion.

That leaves out that the current “Mahayana” remaining in game will be Chinese Buddhism, that is, those following the Chinese Buddhist canon, and it will be present in China, Korea, and Vietnam. The question remains on what to call the religion, and several things have to be considered for that:

  1. The religion will already include blended into it Confucianism and Daoism besides Buddhism, so all three religions are included. That means it can’t be named either Confucianism or Daoism, as they have been bundled in. Buddhism was taken as the base name because, from the three, it was considered as the one mostly oriented towards the “religious” (Confucianism being more focused on administration and Daoism on rituals), and the most similar to what an organized religion would be outside of China.
    1. As a subpoint on that, and I can’t go into details for it yet, but there will also be options inside it to favor Buddhism over Confucianism or the opposite, so that is already covered too.
  2. As mentioned, it will be present not only in China but also in Korea and Vietnam (and any other country that may convert too, like for example Japan), so naming it something that’s too intrinsic to Chinese identity would not be ideal. That would mean that a term like Sānjiào, although good, would feel a bit out of place when playing for example as Korea (we know that the concept spread there too, but it was more prominent inside China and regardless having the name be directly in Chinese would be the main issue when playing outside China)

So, for now, the current name we are considering for the religion is directly “Chinese Buddhism”, or even leaving it as “Mahayana”, understanding that the main current of Mahayana is the version following the Chinese canon anyway. But feel free to suggest any alternative naming if you feel that there may be a better option we haven’t thought of, as long as it takes into consideration the previous points. And of course, let us know your feedback on the proposed representation and distribution too.

And that’s it for today, after a bit longer closing than usual. Next week we’ll be back a bit further east, taking a look at Korea and Japan. Hope to see you there!
 
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Here's something that I just noticed that nobody has brought up yet:
I only spotted a single location that produces dyes in all of China!
Is this intentional? Surely the south would produce plenty of indigo at least?
For a massive country that's so famous for its silk cloth production, only one dye location doesn't sound quite right...
Previously, it was discovered that the silk producing areas in China are only half of those in India. Like the miraculous operation in EU4, the silk producing areas in China are not as good as those in Persia
 
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I think this
View attachment 1203769
SHOULD NOT be a part of Gansu and even China if subcontinents are still a thing.

View attachment 1203778
Despite containing multiple genuine errors in this log, this map created by non-professional Wikipedia edits CANNOT be considered an authoritative academic reference. The map, based on the work of a 19th-century French geographer Conrad Malte-Brun , is highly inaccurate in terms of geographical representation and fails to accurately reflect the administrative situation in Qinghai, Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Tibet. In contrast, Paradox relied on a credible source recognized by historical academic circles in both Mainland China and Taiwan, but it also has some minor problems.
 
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My suggestion for Far Eastern religions would be the presence of native/Taoic religions and Buddhism/Mahayana, in this case Shenism (for China), Thanism (for Vietnam) and Muism (for Korea), with all nations having a large proportion practicing Buddhism/Mahayana.
Furthermore, I don't like the idea of placing all religions from India (like Hinduism) to Japan (like Shintoism) under the same generic religious classification of "Eastern", I see it would make more sense to divide between Dharmic and Taoic religions. forming part of 3 largest religious groups: Abrahamic, Dharmic and Taoic.
 
Screenshot_20241123_000122_Samsung Internet.jpg


I think the Hlai people should be a society of pops. In the 18th century, the official Zhang Qingchang described how the Li leaders exercise their authority through bamboo arrows and customary law, and that they have agricultural settlements that pay grain tax. They also keep trade records by the means of bamboo carvings.

Empire at the margins : culture, ethnicity, and frontier in early modern China / edited by Pamela Kyle Crossley, Helen Siu, and Donald Sutton.
hlai1.jpg

hlai.jpg
 
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Reposting this from the SE Asia thread

Dai (Shan) place names in Yunnan

View attachment 1214658

There were actually many Shan states within the modern border of Yunnan, which existed until the 20th century. Hope that they can be included as playable tags, as there had been extensive written records about their regional conflicts.

A useful website about these states:

Screenshot_20241123_005932.jpg

Yunnan in the year 1582. Many Tusi states within the modern Chinese border, including Mong Hkawn (芒市), Mong La (干崖), Mong Wan (隴川) and Santa (盞達), had been subjugated by the Toungoo Empire in its zenith.
 
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I am not sure languages spoken by Beijing areas are Dongbei because I don't think both Beijing and Dongbei Mandarin existed at that time. It is well established in history and modern research that Beijing during Yuan dynasty spoke Han'er Yanyu (or Han'er Mandarin), an extinct Mongolized Mandarin developed in Liao, Jin, Yuan dyansty (10th Century - 14th Century).

According to this paper (in Chinese), Han'er Mandarin derived from Youyan Dialect (Youyan Mandarin) and developed into modern Dongbei and Beijing Mandarin. A more accepted orgin of Beijing Mandarin is that Ming dynasty conquered the city of Beijing and migrated massive amount of population (400k) from southern China (mostly Jianghuai culture, a notable example would be the language island of Tianjin), which may also distinguish their language from other decedent of Han'er Mandarin dialects, or say Dongbei Mandarin.

There is another theory on Dongbei Mandarin's origin: "The dialects are an exceedingly young variety formed by a huge wave of emigrants from northern Chinese provinces who moved into the theretofore sparsely populated Manchurian territory in the late 19th and early 20th centuries." As a new language, Dongbei Mandarin showed the closest connection to Beijing Mandarin and either of the theories claim Dongbei Mandarin existed during Yuan dynasty.
 
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I'm not sure if I really agree with the depiction of the tusi as societies of pops. Why can't we represent the individual chiefdoms and kingdoms? Certain kingdoms were very large, such as the Kingdom of Bozhou, marked in green on this map (which does not exist in the game right now). But even the other tusi really should be represented too, since they're not any smaller than the HRE states, which are represented. It would be unfair to represent the HRE states but not the tusi.

1732322865862.png
 
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The Yi principalities in Guizhou, with rulers titled “Zimo”, have complex political organisations that obviously fulfil the criteria of settled states. The ruins of the Hailongtun fort reflect the former glory of the Bozhou Principality.

But alongside settled countries, there should also be a society of pop to represent the less organized Yi clans, especially in the Liangshan region.


P. 149, Empire at the margins : culture, ethnicity, and frontier in early modern China / edited by Pamela Kyle Crossley, Helen Siu, and Donald Sutton.
shuixi.jpg
 
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About Liaodong's ethnicity, it is rather complex.
1732431409419.png

On Kingdom of Shenyang
As the map shows, we have Liaodong peninsula under Chinese army, Kingdom of Shenyang under a union with Goryeo and Liaoyang Province under Mongol-appointed Hong Pok-wŏn family, who known in Korean scripts "hated his motherland".

In 1266, Kublai Khan established Shenyang as a location for Goryeo POW. In 1308, Prince Wang Wŏn of Goryeo was awarded Kingdom of Shenyang for his military service, who inherited the Kingdom of Goryeo in the same year as Chungseon of Goryeo. After retirement, he transfered Shenyang to his niece Wang Ko, and Goryeo to his second son, Chungsuk of Goryeo. In 1345, Chungmok of Goryeo inherited Shenyang again.

On Chinese population in Liaodong
There are two possible sources of Chinese in Liaoyang Province. According to History of Yuan (HoY), the government issued new official regulation stating: "(For higher officers' promotions), Jurchen and Khitans are treated like Chinese; Jurchen born and raised in Chinese regions are to be treated like Chinese." Therefore, highly Sinicized Jurchens and Khitans living in the cities were considered Chinese under Yuan Dynasty.

Aslo from HoY, in 1284, 1289, and 1293, the government dispatched 1272 households, 1000 men, and 1360 households of newly surrended troops to build Tuntian ("military-agricultural colonies") in Jinzhou and Fuzhou, around south end of Liaodong Peninsula. A modern source (in Chinese) estimated about 18k Chinese migrated in Liaodong Peninsula. The same source also confirmed that 8 of 9 last Yuan military leaders stationed in Liaodong were Chinese, who later surrended to Ming Dynasty.
 
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On Mandarin Cultures
Another issue for Mandarin varieties. Jiaoliao is a sythnesized word of Jiaodong and Liaodong, which displayed in the map above. But the current culture also shows Jiao because Tinto thought there is none of Chinese in Liaodong. According to (Qian, 2010, in Chinese), Jiaoliao dialect was in early Qing Dynasty (17th Century) and perserved the features of Zhongyuan Yinyun, which is the most popular pronounciation guidebook for Mandarin plays in Yuan Dynasty. Based on this source, I will conclude history of other Mandarin variety:

Beijing Dialect: The oldest record of Beijing dialect date back to Han Dynasty, then as Yan dialect. The Yellow River and Taihang Mountains seperated it from Lu and Zhao dialects. (Beijing and Dongbei are considered the same dialect. )
1732437588020.png

here is my proposed change in map (seperate Beijing dialect with other dialects in Tianjin-Beijing southern boundary, and seperate Liaodong from Jurchen) Basically I have an open opinion on the dialect on Liaodong Peninsula while it tends to more similar to Zhongyuan or Youyan. A recent publication confirmed that Jiaoliao on Liaodong Peninsula is more similar to Beijing and Dongbei, instead of Jiaoliao in Shandong.
1732442171772.png

Additional, I find a map about the Wu dialect region before 19th Century. (You, 2001)
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For Hakka distribution, I saw Sagart cited a map which described Hakka homeland before Ming Dynasty.
1732490041903.png
 
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Lanyin is the same issue as Dongbei. The modern Lanyin was formed in early Ming Dynasty when the government sent thousands of soldiers (some estimated over 190k) from southern China, probably from Jianghuai & Wu, several times of the original population, to Gansu. As mentioned in my previous post, Tangut dominated the region for centuries and they may lean to Tibetan Buddhism during Yuan Dynasty. Yang Lianzhenjia, a Tibetan Buddhist Monk patronized by Mongols and notorious among Han Chinese, was born in Tangut land.
1732520585093.png
(Coblin, 1994)
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(Hua, 2017) (above 3 pics)
Another note about Buddhism in Western Xia is that their Buddhism was actually nondenominational among the Chinese and Tibetan traditions.
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(Ma, 2023)
Ming Dynasty officials also report this cultural group.
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Chinese to English Translation (ChatGPT):
Firstly, beyond the border garrison households, the area surrounding the Hexi Guard Stations was home to local ethnic groups referred to as "natives," "marriage clans," "Westerners," and "rural locals." These groups largely lived outside the administrative control of the Ming government. Records of these local populations can be found in inscriptions and collections of official writings from the period.

For instance, during the Hongwu to Yongle reigns (1368 - 1424), a Daoist temple named Youshan Temple was built in Ganzhou. A stele inscription by Yang Rong, Grand Secretary of the Court, records the process of its construction. In the 24th year of Hongwu (1391), members of a "marriage clan" such as Liu Zhongzhen and a "local elder" named Qian Guying jointly petitioned Commander Song Sheng and other officials to establish the temple on the site where a wooden plaque from the 5th year of Zhizheng (1345) was discovered.

Additionally, some members of the local ethnic groups joined the Guard Stations and became native military officers. One such example is Mao Zhong. According to the History of Ming, Mao Zhong was originally from the Western frontier and was initially named Hala. He distinguished himself in numerous battles and rose to the rank of Vice Commander. In the 4th year of Chenghua (1468), he was killed during the suppression of a rebellion by Man Si in Guyuan. In the 12th year of Hongzhi (1499), a shrine called Wuyong Shrine was built in Ganzhou to commemorate him. The stele in the shrine records his achievements, inspiring many among the local "Westerners," as these groups were called, to follow his example.

In general, these local ethnic groups refer to the populations that resided in the Hexi Corridor before the establishment of the Guard Stations during the Hongwu reign. For example, a stele dated to the 21st year of Zhizheng (1361), titled The Hereditary Darughachi of the Great Yuan Suzhou Route, recounts the story of a prominent Western Xia clan in Suzhou who pledged allegiance to the Yuan dynasty during its early years and served as hereditary local administrators (Darughachi). The History of Yuan also contains frequent mentions of Western Xia descendants, often referred to as "Hexi people." For example, it records: "Bai Yan, a Hexi native, was the son of Huoduodu, who followed the Taizu Emperor in his campaign in Hexi."

The Temple of King Zhongwu, located at the southwestern corner of Ganzhou, reflects the persistence of Western Xia beliefs in the Ming era. According to a stele inscription, the deity worshiped in the temple was the "local ruler" of Western Xia, in fact, a Western Xia king. A new stele erected during the Tianshun reign describes the deity's statue as having a peculiar appearance: "a ram's head adorned with a crown, dressed in red robes and upright in posture."
Rather hard to descibe the local ethnical composition as high proportion of the locals were multiethnical or even multilingual. My sugesstion is to emphasize the Tangut as special Hexi culture and mixed the region with some Hui & Tibetan population. Dunhuang, as local pilgrimage destination for Buddhists, maintained vast majority of Buddhism majority with considerable Tibetan population, while other parts of Hexi/Gansu had considerable Hui Muslim population.
 
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In the following map of Yuan, I've compiled various map feedback changes from across the Mongolia, China, Steppes and Chagatai threads. Let me know if I should add or change something, etc.

Items in WIP, any help is welcome:
  • Countries without a name = ?
  • The Yuan gap in middle of the Jurchen lands (did Yuan hold it? or someone else?)
  • Chinese royal/princely titles of Mongol landholding families/clans (whether or not they should be included in the game, or somehow abstracted into a system)
    • Should the Chinese appanages belong their respective Mongol ulus'? (The ulus' in the North, and the ulus' of the Golden Horde owning land in China?)
    • Some of the kingly/princely domains had historical impact, such as the rulers of Bin in Gansu forming Kara Del after the fall of Yuan, so they should be included. But what about Runing, Xiangning, Jing, or the multitude of appanages in the central plains?
  • SoPs of Formosa


View attachment 1222151
Locations:
View attachment 1222149





To add to this, it is my own opinion that some of the appanages that did not have significant territorial/historical impact should be abstracted into a system (wuhusi 五戶絲 / "five-household silk), while owned by Yuan, would distribute wealth from those lands to their respective owners (countries).
  • This system should also significantly enrich the Mongol nobility estate, to represent the royal/princely domains which are not added as countries.
For example the ulus' of Golden Horde (Batu, Orda, Shiban) receiving money from their lands in China via that system, without having to own land in China, or have a vassal in China.

The ulus' of Belgutei, Hachiun and Qasar, who had appanages in the central region would be privy to the wealth of those lands via the same system as well, without owning it directly (even if they did historically).

Bin and Liang should stay as playable countries, because they did have a role to play in the Red Turban Rebellion and after, even if briefly.


 
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In the following map of Yuan, I've compiled various map feedback changes from across the Mongolia, China, Steppes and Chagatai threads. Let me know if I should add or change something, etc.

Items in WIP, any help is welcome:
  • Countries without a name = ?
  • The Yuan gap in middle of the Jurchen lands (did Yuan hold it? or someone else?)
  • Chinese royal/princely titles of Mongol landholding families/clans (whether or not they should be included in the game, or somehow abstracted into a system)
    • Should the Chinese appanages belong their respective Mongol ulus'? (The ulus' in the North, and the ulus' of the Golden Horde owning land in China?)
    • Some of the kingly/princely domains had historical impact, such as the rulers of Bin in Gansu forming Kara Del after the fall of Yuan, so they should be included. But what about Runing, Xiangning, Jing, or the multitude of appanages in the central plains?
  • SoPs of Formosa


View attachment 1222151
Locations:
View attachment 1222149


Odoli (Odori) should be Korean name for Handuoli. For the Jurchen states northeast to Goryeo, I will assume they are Udege Jurchen SoP instead of states but I know that Koreans called them Gelandian (Galajeon) Jurchen around modern Hamhŭng in 12th Century. The Korean source also mention Tumen Jurchen. However, when it comes to 14th & 15th Century, Korean sources only mentions Jianzhou and Udege so I assume they are more likely Udege SoP before Jianzhou Jurchen's migration.
 
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  • Countries without a name = ?
  • The Yuan gap in middle of the Jurchen lands (did Yuan hold it? or someone else?)
  • Chinese royal/princely titles of Mongol landholding families/clans (whether or not they should be included in the game, or somehow abstracted into a system)
    • Should the Chinese appanages belong their respective Mongol ulus'? (The ulus' in the North, and the ulus' of the Golden Horde owning land in China?)
    • Some of the kingly/princely domains had historical impact, such as the rulers of Bin in Gansu forming Kara Del after the fall of Yuan, so they should be included. But what about Runing, Xiangning, Jing, or the multitude of appanages in the central plains?
  • SoPs of Formosa


View attachment 1222151
Locations:
View attachment 1222149


I have to admit, I'm not sure if I'm a huge fan of showing all of the principalities as actual landed countries. I would argue these arrangements were more about recieving income than actually managing governance, although this might be a false perception, I'm more familiar with the Ming system (if this was a map of Ming, I absolutely would not be happy with this). Feel free to disagree!

Screenshot 2024-11-27 at 00.48.47.png


As for the Northeast, I don't think the Hoifa, Hada, or Ula should exist. Probably not the Yehe either. Firstly I'm pretty sure that region was inhabited by the Sibe before the Ming dynasty. It's hard to tell when the Hoifa actually migrated to their late 16th century-position, but given that they aren't mentioned as far as I am aware before the late 16th century, this probably happened during the Ming dynasty. The Haixi confederation did not form until the Jiajing era. There are Jurchens referred to as Haixi during the Yuan dynasty, but this is actually an alternative name for the Shuidada 水达达 Jurchens (the tribe that is divided into the Taowen, Huligai, Odoli, Tuowolian, and Beikujiang).

The Hada are also especially weird here because they're sitting right on top of a major Chinese city, Tieling.

I'm pretty sure the Handuoli are just another name for the Odoli.

I would draw the region like this (ignore Korea).

Screenshot 2024-11-27 at 02.01.41.png


I don't really know what goes in the question mark area you've indicated between Korea and China near Changbai Mountain. As best I can tell, this was probably inhabited by Jurchens, but I would guess it was very sparsely populated, since there are no administrative units there or tribes significant enough to be mentioned in the sources.

Tusi Proposal:

I have expanded on the work of a friend of mine who created a map of the Yuan dynasty during the Red Turban Rebellion. Sources are History of Ming, History of Yuan, the book 中国土司制度, wikipedia, and baidu baike.

Named in red are the major Tusi polities
Named in orange are subordinate Tusi. These were also sometimes relevant, for example during the Bozhou Rebellion, most of the subordinate tusi of Bozhou did not join the rebellion and were conquered by the Bozhou polity during the war. Also, the Sizhou polity was abolished during the early Ming dynasty, but its subordinate tusi (except for Liping which was also abolished) continued to exist until the Qing period. Same thing with Beizheng and Yongning
Marked in light grey are those areas which seem not to have been under the Yuan dynasty's authority at all. In the modern region of the Liangshan Yi Prefecture in Sichuan, I would suggest adding a Black Yi SOP. There should also probably be a Nakhi SOP in Yanyuan. The Guizhou stateless areas were all referred to by the Chinese as "Wild Miao" although they are a mixture of in-game cultures, they could be multiple SOPs. Meanwhile, in Hainan there should be a Black Hlai SOP which controls some but not all of the Hlai people.

1732930014235.png


Notes:
Probably most of the major tusi (other than maybe the Dai tusi and Lijiang) and possibly the minor ones as well, should have Chinese as their court language. Bozhou, Shuidong, and Sizhou were especially sinicised.
Lai'an's name was changed to Sicheng in the early Ming dynasty. Annan was changed to Ami. Shezi was changed to Wangnong.
In the early Ming dynasty, Menggu, Shunning, Qujing, Qingyuan, Dali, Mong Mao, Beizheng, Rende, Luoxiong, Guangxi, Mile, Shizong, Jianshui, Guangnan, Ningzhou, Shiping, Liping, Sizhou, Yunlian, Rong, Gong, Nanping, Puding, Pu'an, Zhanyi, and Luoluosi were abolished during the early Ming dynasty.
Sizhou had a civil war during the early Ming dynasty where the Sinan polity (also including Zhenyuan) broke away to become separate under a pretender rebel, Ming intervened in the war and annexed them.
After the defeat of Mong Mao, more Tusi were established on its former territory, including Mangshi, Mong La, Nandian, and Mong Wan. I also think Zhenkang, Mong Ting, and Mong Myen came into existence as well.
Luozuo and Anning were absorbed into Fuzhou during the early Ming dynasty
Mahu was annexed into Wumeng I think during the early Ming dynasty, and parts of it were organised into four smaller tusi
Kaili, Anlong, Shanglin, Yongshun, Xincheng, Anding, and Duyang were established during the Ming dynasty. I have chosen to show them here since I assume they evolved from earlier power structures that were not officially recognised by China, and I'm not sure exactly what would be in Kaili's place in 1337.
I think Gyalthang was vassalised or possibly annexed by Lijiang during the Ming dynasty? During the late Ming dynasty Lijiang expanded north into Kham
Wuzhai came under the control of Baojing

SOPs:

1732774806329.png


Primary cultures (this is very subject to error since information is difficult to find and is disputed, so I would appreciate any corrections or help):

1732930005322.png


Reddish-brown - Nakhi
Dark Grey - Tibetan
Yellow - Dai
Teal - Hani
Sky-Blue - Bai
Lavender - Zhuang
Blue - Miao
Deep Blue - Kam
Brown - Sui
Olive - Tujia
Green - Yi
Tuquoise - Bo
 
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