• We have updated our Community Code of Conduct. Please read through the new rules for the forum that are an integral part of Paradox Interactive’s User Agreement.

Tinto Maps #7 - 21st of June 2024 - Anatolia

Hello everyone, and welcome to the seventh edition of Tinto Maps! I am once again asking for your support back to the duty of showing a new region of the map of the super secret Project Caesar, which this week is Anatolia!

Countries:
Countries.jpg

A beautifully divided Anatolia! The disintegration of the Sultanate of Rûm in the 13th century, caused by the Mongol invasion, led to multiple Turkish Beyliks grabbing power over their area. Probably the strongest in 1337 is the Ottoman one, founded by the Turkoman leader Osman Ghazi, but there are other strong contenders such as the Eretnids, the Germiyanids, or the Karamanids, which will be fighting for hegemony over the region. You might also notice that the Byzantine Empire//Eastern Roman Empire//Basileía Rhōmaíōn//[insert here your favorite naming option] still holds a few positions in Anatolia, the most notable being the city of Philadelphia. Apart from them, other interesting countries in the region are the Despotate of Trebizond, held by the Komnenoi, the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, and, of course, The-country-known-in-another-IP-as-Hisn-Kayfa, the Ayyubid remnant in al-Jazira. And you might also notice some Genoese outposts, making them important players as well.

Dynasties:
Dynasties.png

The dynastic map is pretty straightforward, as a different dynasty rules each Beylik. We have fixed the issue with the random dynasty names, so no more weird 'the XXXX of XXXX' dynastic names anymore. To spice things up, we could maybe start a Byzantine discussion: Palaiologos, or Komnenos?

Locations:
Locations.jpg

As usual, please consider that dynamic location naming is not yet a thing in this region, and therefore the inconsistencies in the language used. As an additional note of caution, please don’t use the Aegean Islands as a reference or benchmark for comparison, as a review of them is something that we’ve got on our list of ‘to do’. You may be able to see that the location density in the region is gradual, from denser coastal regions to bigger inland ones.

Provinces:
Provinces.png

We have changed the coloring of the provinces, making them more different, and easier to understand, though. Apart from that, suggestions in this matter are welcomed, as usual.

Terrain:
Climate.jpg

Topography.jpg

Vegetation.jpg

The terrain in Anatolia is quite interesting and unique, as it’s composed of very different features: the central Anatolian Plateau, with a colder climate and more sparse vegetation, is opposed to the rugged and more forested coastlines to the north and south, while only having fluvial flatlands to the west, and in Cilicia (an area that always has been a choke point between Anatolia and Syria. And to the east, the territory becomes increasingly more mountainous, as it approaches the Caucasus.

Cultures:
Cultures.jpg

Anatolia is the first region of the Middle East with cultural and religious minorities added, just in time for this Tinto Maps, so we can have endless discussions about the divide between the Greek and Turkish cultures! Hurray! Now seriously, we’ve made what we think is the most accurate division for 1337, given the scarcity of data. The stripes point to a variation of the pop percentages in each location, from let’s say 70% of Greeks in Izmit or Bursa, to 80% of Turks in Ankara or Konya. We have also added some subdivisions of these cultures, with the Pontic and Cappadocian Greeks; and the Turkomans (you might note a majority of them around Sivas and Malatya), that portray more a ‘class//social grouping’ divide than an ethnic or language divide, as these Turkoman pops are always tribesmen, while we consider the settled population as Turkish. Other than that, we have a good amount of Armenians distributed between the areas of Cilicia and Armenia; Laz people to the north; and Kurds to the east (the brownish-greenish culture). Also, please ignore the chunk of Syria that appears, as the minorities there are not yet done.

Religions:
Religions.jpg

We’re back to interesting religious divisions! We have in Anatolia Orthodox, Sunni, Miaphysite, and Nestorian pops. And if you wonder what are those pink stripes in Thrace, they are a Paulician minority.

Raw Materials:
Raw Materials.jpg

There are some interesting materials distributed all over Anatolia, such as Alum (which was a main export to Italy, usually handled by the merchant republics), Silk, Marble, or Copper. And if you’re wondering about the Spices, they were previously Saffron.

Markets:
Markets.jpg

The market centers of the region are Constantinople to the west, Trebizond to the north, and Damascus to the south. Nothing speaks against a Turkish Beylik conquering one or all of them, or creating a new market center, probably in the middle of the Anatolian Plateau, although probably it will require some infrastructure to make it fully functional.

Location and Country Population:
Pops Locations.jpg

Pops Country.jpg

And populations. Byzantium has some edge over each of the Beylikz, but not if they ally with each other, or if they ally with its Balkanic rivals… Also, have I heard about a 66K Ayyubid challenge?

That’s all for today! We’ll most likely be uploading the French feedback results by the end of next week or at the start of the following one (as next week there's an important bank holiday for this company, Midsommar St. John's Day, and some people will be on vacation a few days), and in the meantime, we'll also be reading and answering your feedback about Anatolia. And next Friday, we will be taking a look at Russia. See you then!

PS: I had a flight today that was delayed, therefore the delay on the DD until an (interesting) hour in which I'll be available for replying.
 
  • 150Love
  • 136Like
  • 7
  • 4
  • 1
Reactions:
Maybe we could have a meet up between Greeks and Turks and have them perform physical feats to get their way on each topic. Then end up with Orthodox Turks, Muslim Greeks and Tengri Armenians.
No need for that. We are saying the facts based on turkish,greek,european resources. But this maps do not reflect the facts much..
 
  • 5
  • 2
Reactions:
Below is a revised and renovated version of my dynamic place names list. I did not delete the locations that did not appear on this post, but added the ones I could not read before. Hope to see them in the game! The new ones are at the very top for those who looked at the other post. If anyone tells me which ones are missing, we might add more!

Turkish (My Suggestions in Parantheses)GreekLatin (Should Be Used by All Europeans)ArabicKurdishAssyrianArmenianOther Languages
BolvadinPolybotosPolybotum-----
Şarkikaraağaç (Karaağaç)HadrianópolisHadrianopolis-----
TaşkentPirlóganda------
PozantıPendhosisPendosisAl-Badandûn----
Hüseyinabad---Dibareş---
Mesudiye (Meles)Melánthios------
Çemişgezek---Melkişî-Chmshgadzak-
SilvanMartyropolisMartyropolisMîyafarqînFarqîn/SilîvanîMîpherqatNprgerd-
ÜsküdarChrysópolisChrysopolisAskudar---Escutaire (French)
İzmit (İznikmid)Nikomêdeia
Nīcomēdīa
-----
Şile (Şilli)Khêlaita------
Adapazarı (Sapanca)SangáriosTarsia---Donigashen-
İznikNikaíaNicaea-----
Bilecik (Bilecük)Bêlokômê-----Belo Kome (Serbian, Bulgarian)
BursaProusaPrusa----Khodavandegar (Persian)
Prussa (Western European)
Atranos (Edrenos)HadrianoúsHadrianopolis-----
İnegöl (Eynegöl)Angelókomis------
GöynükKoinon GallikanonCenon Gallicanon-----
SöğütThêbásion------
Nallıhan (Ballıca)IoulioúpolisJuliopolis-----
İnönü-------
EskişehirDorylaionDorylaeum-----
Dursunbey (Balat)Hadrianeion-----
Susurluk (Farat)-------
ManyasPoimánenos------
BigadiçPigadeíaAchyraus----Pigadica (Serbian, Bulgarian)
MihaliçMelitopolis-----Mihalitsa (Serbian, Bulgarian)
BandırmaPánormosCyzicus----Palermo (Italian)
GönenGranikeionAsepsus-----
BigaPêgaeíaPegae----Spiga (Western European)
Çan-------
Lapseki (Lapsekü)LámpsakosLampsacus-----
Çanakkale (Dardanel)Dardanéllia-----Dardanelles (Western European)
Bayramiç-------
AyvalıkKydoníes------
Edremit (Edremid)AdramyttionAdramyttium-----
BergamaPérgamonPergamum-----
BalyaPalaía------
BalıkesirPalaiokástronHadrianutherae-----
Soma-------
FoçaPhókaiaPhocaea----Foca (Italian)
ManisaMagnesíaMagnesia ad Sipylum-----
AkhisarThyatira------
Gördes (Gördos)Gordós------
Demirci (Demircü)-------
KulaOpsíkion------
İzmirSmyrnêSmyrna----Smirne (Italian)
Esmirna (Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan)
UrlaBrioúlaKlazomenai-----
MenemenMainoménos-----Cordelio (Italian)
Cordelieu (French)
ÇeşmeKríni------
AyaslukAgiós Theológos/ÉphesosEphesus-----
TireThyraíaArcadiopolis-----
BirgiPyrgíon------
GüzelhisarTralleíaSeleucia ad Maeandrum-----
AlaşehirPhiladélphiaFlavia Philadelphia-----
Nazilli------Nazli (Western European)
BalatMílêtosMiletus-----
MilasMylasaMylasa-----
MuğlaMógolaMobolla-----
TavasTábai------
Gökabat (Ula)OúlaUla-----
BodrumHalikarnassósHalicarnassus/Petrion-----
MarmarisPhyskos------
Yüksekkum-------
MeğriMákri/TelmessosAnastasiopolis/Telmessus-----
Gülhisar (Kavaklıdere)-------
Domaniç (Hisarköyü)Domanítis------
Kütahya (Kütâiye)KotyaionCotyaeum----
Tavşanlı------Hargosh (Persian)
SimavSynaos------
EmetAmíta------
Aslanapa (Giregi)Kyriakoí------
Gediz (Gedüs)Kátoi------
UşakOussákion------
BanazPanásion------
Şeyhli-------
LazkiyeLaodikeíaHierapolis/Laodicea-----
Hopaz-------
Dinar (Geyikli)ApámeiaApamea-----
UluborluSozópolis------
BurdurPraitóriaPraetoria-----
IspartaBaridaAntiochia Caesaria-----
Eğridir (Eğirdir)Akrotêrion------
IstanozStenós------
AntalyaAttaleíaAttalea-----
ElmalıAkarassós------
Kaş​
AntíphellosAntiphellus-----
ManavgatSelge------
AlaiyeKalonórosCoracesium----Candelore/Cardelloro (Italian)
SelintiSelinoúnta------
YalvaçKekaumênêAntiocheia MinorAntaqiyya al-Muhtariqa----
AkşehirPhilomêlionPhilomelium-----
BeyşehirMistheíaClaudiocaesarea-----
Seydişehir-------
KarahisarAkroínonAcroenus-----
SandıklıApameía Kybótos------
AltıntaşAizanoiSoa-----
ŞuhutSynnadaSynnada-----
Emirdağ (Cırgın)AmórionAmoriumAmmûriyya----
SeyitgaziNakôlaionNacolea-----
ErmenekGermanikópolisGermanicopolis---Germanig-
MutKlaoudiópolisClaudiopolis---Mud-
AnamurAnamúrionAnemuriumMamûriyya----
SilifkeSeleukeíaSeleucia ad Calycadnum-----
LarendeLáranda------
Hatunsaray-------
Çeltik-------
KarapınarBarta------
KonyaIkónionIconeum----Dârülmülk (Seljuk dynasty name)
Ilgın (Yılğun)-------
LadikLaodikeia Katakekaumene-Lâdiqîya Al-Muhtariqa---Ladik-i Suhte (Persian)
Eskil (Eskiil)-------
İnsuyu-------
AksarayArxelaída------
Koçhisar-------
Bekarlar (Nenezi)Nanathiangó------
NiğdeNígdê-Mâjida----
Bor (Kilisehisar)Tyana/PórosTyana-----
Nevşehir (Muşkara)Moskhári------
Sarıyahşi-------
ÜrgüpÁgios ProkópiosOsiana-----
Kırşehir (Kırşehri)SaravénaAquae Saravenae-----
Hacıbektaş (Sulucakarahöyük)AndídonDoara-----
KalecikMalós------
Ankara (Engüri)ÁnkyraAncyra----Angora (Western European)
Haymana-------
PolatlıGórdionGordium-----
Beypazarı (Beğpazarı)AnastasiópolisAnastasiopolis-----
Kıbrıscık (Karadoğan)Kyparissós------
Çubuk (Çubukpazarı)-------
ÇerkeşAntonioúpolisAntoniopolis-----
Kurşunlu (Karacaviran)Anadynata------
Çankırı (Kengırı)GángraGermanopolis--Kângar-Gangara (Western European)
TosyaTheodosía------
Bayat (Bahaeddin)-------
İskilipAsklêpiónAesculapius-----
Gümüş--Kumis----
Çorum (Çorumlu)Eukaíte------
Sungurlu (Budaközü)-------
Ballışeyh-------
Dinek Keskin (Dinekkeskini)-------
BozokPtería------
Çandır (Çayırşehri)-------
Sorgun (Büyük Köhne)Euagína------
Gadegara-------
LadikLaodikeíaLaodicea-----
MerzifonMersyphon----MarzvanMerzban (Persian)
AmasyaAmásiaAmasia-----
ZileZêlaZela-----
Sonisa-------
NiksarNeokaisáriaNeocaesarea-----
TokatEudokíasEudoxia-----
KoyulhisarNikópolisNicopolis-----
Aydıncık-------
Sulusaray (Salursaray)SebastópolisSebastopolis-----
SivasSebasteíaSebastia-SêwasKâbiraSebastia-
HafikKamísa------
ZaraZáraZara-----
Şarkışla (Şehirkışla)Malandára------
GemerekArmaxáArmaxa---Garmrag-
GürünGaurênê--GirînTil GarimmuGyurin-
Deliktaş-------
Comana-------
Tomarza-----Dumarza-
KayseriKaisáriaCaesareaKaysariyya--Majak-
Boğazlıyan (Urumdiğin)-----Rumdigin-
Karahisar-ı DeveliBagadanía----Averag-
AdanaÁdana----Adana-
TarsusTarsósTarsusTarsus--Tarson-
Çandir-------
YumurtalıkAigiás----AyasAiazzo/Laiazzo (Italian)
MaraşGermaníkeiaGermanicia-GurgumMarqas--
Kaysun---Kêsûn-K'esun-
Besni---BêsnîBêth Hesnê--
ElbistanLykandósLycandusal-BustânElbistan-Ablasta-
GöksunKykysósCucuso/Cuxon---Koksoun-
MalatyaMelitênêMelitene-MeletîMalītīnáMalat'ia-
Gerger---Aldûş-Gargar-
Kahta---Kolîk---
Samsut (Hısnımansur)-PerrheHisn-MansurSemsûr---
Birecik--al-Bîra-Birthâ--
SuruçBátnaiBatnas-PirsûsSerûj--
Şanlıurfa (Urfa)EdéssaEdessa-Riha-Urha-
SiverekChasanará-Hisn ar-Ran--Sevaverag-
Çermik (Çermuk)----AbarnêJermuk-
ViranşehirKonstantínêConstantina-WêranşarTella--
Kızıltepe (Dunaysir)--Tel-ErmenQoser---
MardinMaridáMarida-MêrdînMerdîn--
Ergani---Erxenî-Argni-
Eğil (Egil)IngilênêIngilene-GêlAggelAnghl-
Diyarbakır (Diyarbekr)Amit (Pontic)AmidaÂmitAmedÂmîdDikranagerd-
Hazro---Hezro---
SavurSaúrasSaurasSawrStewrSawro-
HasankeyfKíphasCiphasHisn KayfaHeskîfKêphaHarsenkev-
Kulp (Pasur)---Pasûr---
SiirtSírtêSirteSi'irdSêrtSiirtSgherd-
Eruh---Dih-Dih-
ŞırnakSareísa--ŞirnexŞahrnâx--
Cizre--Jazirat ibn 'UmarCizîrGāzartā d'Bet Zabdaï--
Midyat---MidyadMedyad--
Hakkari---ColemêrgBêth Hakaraye--
Şemdinli---ŞemzînanShemsdin--
Bitlis--BadlîsBedlîsBalalisBaghesh-
Hizan---Xîzan-Khizan-
MuşTaraunitês--Mûş-Mush-
VanEva--Wan-Tosb-
Başkale---Elbak-Hatamagerd-
Erciş---Erdiş-Agants-
Karakilise---Agirî-Pakrevand/Karber-
MalazgirtMatzikért--Melezgir-Manazkert-
Bayazıt---Bazîd-Daruynk-
Hınıs---Xinûs-Khnus-
Varto---Gimgim-Varto-
Bingöl (Cevlik)--Jabal JulÇewlik-Chapaghjur-
Genç (Daraheni)---Darahênê-Gtarits-
Adaklı (Azakpert)Artalésôn--Azaxpêrt-Asdghapert-
Hani (Heni)---Hênî---
PaluRomanoúpolis--Palo-Palahovid-
Pertek---Pêrteg-Berdak-
Keban (Ribat-i Keban)--Ribat al-KabanKeban-Gaban-
Harput--Khartbirt/Hisn ZiyadXarpêtHesna d-ZiyadKharberd-
Sivrice (Hefthisar)---Haftasar---
Iğdır---Reşqelas-Ts'olakertEgida (Western European)
AniÁnionAbnicum---Ani-
Kars---Qers---
Kağızman---Qaxizman-Kaghzvan-
ArdahanGogarênê--Erdêxan-ArdahanArt'aani (Georgian)
Oltu-----UltikUltisi (Georgian)
Tortum------Tortomi (Georgian)
BayburtPaipérte----Bayberd-
ErzurumTheodosiópolis-KâlîkalâErzirom-KarinKarnu Kalaki (Georgian)
Pasinler (Hasankale)PhasianoíPhasiani---PasenBasiani (Georgian)
KelkitLykopotamía------
ErzincanKilisênê--Erzîngan-Yerznka-
KemahKámacha--Kemax-Daranaghi-
İliç-----Lichk-
ŞebinkarahisarKolôniaColonia---Koghoniya-
RizeRizaíonRhizaeum-----
SürmeneSoúrmena------
TrabzonTrapezoúsTrapezus---TrapizonT'rap'uzani (Laz)
T'rap'izoni (Georgian)
Trebizond (Western European)
GöreleKordyleCoralla-----
GiresunKerasoúsCerasus-----
Ordu (Bayramlu)Kotyôros------
ÜnyeOinóe------
TermeThermaí----Vank-
Akkuş-------
SamsunSampsoúnta/Amisós-----Simisso (Italian)
BafraPaúra------
GerzeKárousa------
SinopSinôpêSinope-----
Boyabat-------
TaşköprüPompeiópolis------
İneboluIonópolis------
Devrekani-------
Araç (Arac)-------
KastamonuKastamôn------
BartınParthénios------
Yenice (Yenicepazarı)-------
Safranbolu (Borlî)Saphrámpolis------
Mengen-------
GeredeKrateíaCratia-----
Düzce (Konrapa)-Prusias ad Hypium-----
BoluKlaoudiópolisClaudiopolis-----
Akçakoca (Akçaşeheir)Dióspolis-----
Akyazı-------
Note: Certain towns are founded by the Turks and have no names in other languages. Certain town are illegible or I can't find them in my sources. In some cases, the current name is perfectly fine but not Old Anatolian Turkish enough. Tried to accomodate all of it, and preferred town names over region names whenever available. In Greek translations, eta is represented with ê and omega with ô. Other markers are accents. I used Western Armenian whenever I could. I simply have no idea about Syriac and its Romanization.
 
  • 26Like
  • 6
  • 1
  • 1
Reactions:
I challenge you to do this: Go to a Turkish store and check out the wares. Check the ingredients of the wares. The saffron is painted string. The Honey is 97% sugar syrup. The cheese is 50% starch and water. I don't mean to be racist, but I've yet to meet a Turk who wasn't exaggerating a lot. They just don't take scientific truth as seriously as us Europeans and that's not a bad thing. It's simply a cultural difference. But it makes Turkish sources highly dubious in my opinion.
I'm American, and 97% of our pasta is "enriched macaroni product," what's your point?
 
  • 13Haha
  • 6Like
Reactions:
I challenge you to do this: Go to a Turkish store and check out the wares. Check the ingredients of the wares. The saffron is painted string. The Honey is 97% sugar syrup. The cheese is 50% starch and water. I don't mean to be racist, but I've yet to meet a Turk who wasn't exaggerating a lot. They just don't take scientific truth as seriously as us Europeans and that's not a bad thing. It's simply a cultural difference. But it makes Turkish sources highly dubious in my opinion.
My man its sounds too racist but I get the point , you got scammed in Turkey like all Turks in some point. Also Europe doesn't get scince in a better way (at least in level of common peasent of modern day) we are just guys with not much to do. Scince in Turkey is good (except for pligarism thingy which happens and we don't have attention span to watch HBomber. Problem is common people moves with their feelings (like you did while writing and I am doing it as well) but yeah , there is a kinda difference between us. Turkey doesn't have a history as long as Germany has in its current lands but we still have a history and most of the time forreigners just doesn't gets Turkish sources into account and end up with one sided thing. Than Turks do one sided thing in their favor and than its gets called unproffesional which is right but other goes unopposed. I am in favor of a good source to be done but problem is it is too political (like many things politics fucks every single thing it touches) . Another problem is main sources are not good. Main sources either contridict each other or , in worse , directly doesn't have any basis for its claims. Also to return to your claims . Yes , we have a lot of scams but most high education institutes doesn't do that much scaming. Common people does as we call it being uneducated on basic morals and this only true for uneducated people (which makes a big part of the country). Also if you want to be racist , be one. Don't be shy about being yourself
 
  • 6Haha
  • 2Like
  • 1
Reactions:
I'm curious, perhaps a native Turkish speaker can help me out, if we can have the same word represented differently in both surnames and dynasty names would it be any better? E.g. The name as "Dave Karamanoğlu", belonging to the "Karamanoğulları Dynasty"?
I would simply call them the Karaman dynasty the same way we call the Rurikovich the Rurik dynasty. Failing that, your solution also works. Dave Karamanoğulları does not read as correct to a Turkish speaker
 
I challenge you to do this: Go to a Turkish store and check out the wares. Check the ingredients of the wares. The saffron is painted string. The Honey is 97% sugar syrup. The cheese is 50% starch and water. I don't mean to be racist, but I've yet to meet a Turk who wasn't exaggerating a lot. They just don't take scientific truth as seriously as us Europeans and that's not a bad thing. It's simply a cultural difference. But it makes Turkish sources highly dubious in my opinion.
i have never read such a hilarious and a disrespectful comment in my life. Halil İnalcık is turning in his grave right now. You seriously think you know our history better than our historians? If that's the case, I recommend you to read Babinger (which he doesn't use turkish sources). Did you know that Mehmed II was gay? :eek:
 
  • 2
  • 1Like
Reactions:
you are right.
Ottomans and byzantines were at war from 1333 to 1337 . and when the war ends Nicomedia becomes ottoman.
The fall of Nicomedia to the Ottomans took place on March 6, 1337. this mean they should start at peace indeed since Izmit in the map is indeed nicomedia and its on ottoman's hands so all should be fine at the start between Byzantines and Ottomans
Due to fall of Nicomedia, Bithynia was quickly overrun by the Ottomans, we can see Ottomans just conquered the city but not yet taken Bithynia, thus they must be still at war with Byzantium.
 
Check what happened to Byzantium a few years after 1337.
Often in paradox games, attacking a country in a civil war is a roll of the dice. If their army is occupied, then you can easily walk in and occupy them with no issues. But sometimes the AI simply turns its entire army around, ignores whoever else they’re at war with, and easily defeats your smaller army, while other countries they’re at war with go in and occupy them.

Are there other considerations in place to minimize this? Does the army get split between the sides of a civil war? Does Byzantium have other penalties during or after the civil war to reduce their military abilities? Or is it intended for it to be a risky proposition to go after a larger country occupied with a civil war- the sort that might merit saving the game before declaring war?
 
  • 2Like
Reactions:
@Pavía
  • I think the name of the Sahibids should be "Sahibata" (Sahib Ata) or "Sahibataids." "Sahib" is not the name of a person; it's a title. Actually, the whole "Sahib Ata" is a title and nickname of a person. In my opinion, just using "Sahib" looks weird.
  • As others have said, "Eretnağulları" is misspelled. It should be "Eretnaoğulları."
  • The only known ruler of Bafra was Emir Mirza Bey. According to this government source: https://samsun.ktb.gov.tr/TR-240566/emir-mirza-bey-turbesi.html
    he comes from the İsfendiyaroğulları dynasty, also known as the Candaroğulları. So he is "very likely" related to the Candaroğulları dynasty. I don't know what you would prefer to use, but instead of just "Bafra," you should use "Candaroğulları" or "İsfendiyaroğulları."
  • The claim that the Ahis belonged to the Mengücek dynasty is incorrect. The Ahis were not ruled by monarchs. Their structure was more akin to a "city-state" or "order."
I will quote a document from Hacettepe University here: https://ait.hacettepe.edu.tr/akademik/arsiv/ank.htm#_ftnref45
With the collapse of the Seljuk-Ilkhanid authority, political uncertainty was attempted to be resolved through various formations. One such formation was the ahi organizations in cities. According to the information provided by Ibn Battuta, the ahis, who were closely associated with the order of cities and whose power was recognized by the ruling classes, became politically influential during the period of anarchy and interregnum following the disintegration of the Anatolian Seljuk State. A prime example of this political influence is the city of Ankara in the first half of the 14th century.

Sources indicate that until just before the city came under Ottoman rule, there was a tendency for the ahis to establish a form of governance in the city, managing it like a “city-state.” Despite the insufficiency of Ottoman sources, other sources confirm that Ahi Hüsameddin and his son Ahi Şerafeddin, prominent figures in the Ankara ahi organization, possessed considerable wealth. These ahis, who built mosques, soup kitchens, fountains, and baths in their names, are known primarily for their endowments, the structures they commissioned, and their genealogies. We do not have much additional information about them, such as their methods of governance or the nature of their activities and actions.

Despite these insufficient sources, the idea of the ahis establishing a “city republic in Ankara” led to research on both the ahis and their activities in Ankara with the Second Constitutional Era. The debate on “Ahi Governance in Ankara” has been brought up by various researchers. Some have viewed this “republic” idea favorably, while others have opposed it. Among the staunch defenders of this idea was Ahmed Tevhid, while Paul Wittek was a prominent critic.

In our opinion, the idea of an “ahi republic in Ankara” is not accurate based on the available sources. However, as Ibn Battuta generalizes, the ahis in Anatolian cities held significant positions and their presence was acknowledged by the ruling classes. As a result of extraordinary political conditions, the ahis either shared in governance or entirely took over. This assumption of governance was not as unique as it might seem because the ahis in Anatolian cities during this period were already undertaking tasks that should have been performed by the rulers, such as maintaining order, contributing to defense, supporting the poor and orphaned, and hosting guests. Adding other responsibilities, this situation was the realization of an already existing condition. Due to the lack of sufficient concrete information, it is not possible to definitively state whether this governance was a republic in the Western sense. Nevertheless, the hierarchical structure of the ahis’ religious and socio-economic institutionalization renders democratic participation, which gives meaning to a republic, impossible. As noted in an inscription about Ahi Şerafeddin in Ankara, the governance by the ahis required certain abilities based on the attributes of the ahi leader and the leading ahis around him. This governance institution, shaped by religious and moral virtues, was more akin to a city principality suited to the period’s conditions than a republic.

The issue of “Ahi Governance in Ankara” cannot be fully elucidated due to insufficient information. Ottoman sources suggest that the Ottomans did not take Ankara from a bey but from the ahis, indicating that the ahis dominated the city’s governance. The control of the ahi organization, especially by the tanners, one of the prominent professional groups of the time, led to the integration of socio-economic structuring with political authority. The strong defense of Ankara, capable of repelling external attacks unless very severe, and the absence of a state or principality of comparable power around Ankara during that period make the existence of an ahi governance plausible in our opinion. However, whether this governance was a republic as presumed is open to debate.
Political Leaders:
The Ahis had two notable political leaders: Ahi Hüsameddin (died in 1295) and his son Ahi Şerafeddin (died in 1350-1351).
Other prominent figures included: Ahi Elvan, Ahi Tura, Ahi Yakub, Ahi Halil, Ahi Şuca, Ahi Çelebi, Ahi Sinan, and Ahi Ali.

Governance Structure:
According to this source: https://www.islamiarastirmalar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/13-27.pdf
"It is not entirely a sultanate, emirate, or principality based on a dynasty. Instead, it possesses characteristics of a type of popular sovereignty. The rulers of this governance are mystics, artists, craftsmen, and tradesmen. At the head of the administration is the Ahi Sheikh, Ahi Bey, or the chief Ahi, who undergoes a type of election process. There is significant direct participation in the administration by members of the Ahi organization and the public."

Historical Context:
Historian Halil İnalcık stated:"Since the Seljuk sultans lost political power and control under Mongol rule, the Ahis took on not only economic and social responsibilities but also public security duties in the cities. Ibn Battuta witnessed the chief Ahi in some major cities behaving like a sultan."

Another source from Dergipark mentions:
Around 1330, the Seljuk state lost control of Ankara. During this period, the Ahis maintained order in the city and had a direct influence on its administration. Within their hierarchy, the Ahis elected their sheikhs, stewards, and leaders. They managed to maintain good relations with the central authority while holding onto governance. When Eratna came to Ankara in 1330, it is likely that he appointed Ahi Şerafeddin as deputy. Eratna was known for appointing Ahis as deputies in some of the provinces he controlled, which made him very popular among them. The period during which the Ahis governed Ankara continued until the Ottoman conquest in 1361. During these 31 years, the Ahis not only governed and maintained order but also provided municipal services and engaged in trade.

Comparison:
The Ahis' governance style was unique and multifaceted. They were involved in bureaucratic relations and exhibited a governance style similar to the Seljuks. However, their structure resembled more of a city-state run by a "chief/governor," elected from among the rich and influential members of society. This hybrid model combined elements of popular sovereignty with bureaucratic governance, allowing the Ahis to maintain significant autonomy and order in the cities they controlled, especially during times of weakened central authority.
 
  • 10Like
  • 5
Reactions:
Below is a revised and renovated version of my dynamic place names list. I did not delete the locations that did not appear on this post, but added the ones I could not read before. Hope to see them in the game! The new ones are at the very top for those who looked at the other post. If anyone tells me which ones are missing, we might add more!

Turkish (My Suggestions in Parantheses)GreekLatin (Should Be Used by All Europeans)ArabicKurdishAssyrianArmenianOther Languages
BolvadinPolybotosPolybotum-----
Şarkikaraağaç (Karaağaç)HadrianópolisHadrianopolis-----
TaşkentPirlóganda------
PozantıPendhosisPendosisAl-Badandûn----
Hüseyinabad---Dibareş---
Mesudiye (Meles)Melánthios------
Çemişgezek---Melkişî-Chmshgadzak-
SilvanMartyropolisMartyropolisMîyafarqînFarqîn/SilîvanîMîpherqatNprgerd-
ÜsküdarChrysópolisChrysopolisAskudar---Escutaire (French)
İzmit (İznikmid)Nikomêdeia
Nīcomēdīa
-----
Şile (Şilli)Khêlaita------
Adapazarı (Sapanca)SangáriosTarsia---Donigashen-
İznikNikaíaNicaea-----
Bilecik (Bilecük)Bêlokômê-----Belo Kome (Serbian, Bulgarian)
BursaProusaPrusa----Khodavandegar (Persian)
Prussa (Western European)
Atranos (Edrenos)HadrianoúsHadrianopolis-----
İnegöl (Eynegöl)Angelókomis------
GöynükKoinon GallikanonCenon Gallicanon-----
SöğütThêbásion------
Nallıhan (Ballıca)IoulioúpolisJuliopolis-----
İnönü-------
EskişehirDorylaionDorylaeum-----
Dursunbey (Balat)Hadrianeion-----
Susurluk (Farat)-------
ManyasPoimánenos------
BigadiçPigadeíaAchyraus----Pigadica (Serbian, Bulgarian)
MihaliçMelitopolis-----Mihalitsa (Serbian, Bulgarian)
BandırmaPánormosCyzicus----Palermo (Italian)
GönenGranikeionAsepsus-----
BigaPêgaeíaPegae----Spiga (Western European)
Çan-------
Lapseki (Lapsekü)LámpsakosLampsacus-----
Çanakkale (Dardanel)Dardanéllia-----Dardanelles (Western European)
Bayramiç-------
AyvalıkKydoníes------
Edremit (Edremid)AdramyttionAdramyttium-----
BergamaPérgamonPergamum-----
BalyaPalaía------
BalıkesirPalaiokástronHadrianutherae-----
Soma-------
FoçaPhókaiaPhocaea----Foca (Italian)
ManisaMagnesíaMagnesia ad Sipylum-----
AkhisarThyatira------
Gördes (Gördos)Gordós------
Demirci (Demircü)-------
KulaOpsíkion------
İzmirSmyrnêSmyrna----Smirne (Italian)
Esmirna (Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan)
UrlaBrioúlaKlazomenai-----
MenemenMainoménos-----Cordelio (Italian)
Cordelieu (French)
ÇeşmeKríni------
AyaslukAgiós Theológos/ÉphesosEphesus-----
TireThyraíaArcadiopolis-----
BirgiPyrgíon------
GüzelhisarTralleíaSeleucia ad Maeandrum-----
AlaşehirPhiladélphiaFlavia Philadelphia-----
Nazilli------Nazli (Western European)
BalatMílêtosMiletus-----
MilasMylasaMylasa-----
MuğlaMógolaMobolla-----
TavasTábai------
Gökabat (Ula)OúlaUla-----
BodrumHalikarnassósHalicarnassus/Petrion-----
MarmarisPhyskos------
Yüksekkum-------
MeğriMákri/TelmessosAnastasiopolis/Telmessus-----
Gülhisar (Kavaklıdere)-------
Domaniç (Hisarköyü)Domanítis------
Kütahya (Kütâiye)KotyaionCotyaeum----
Tavşanlı------Hargosh (Persian)
SimavSynaos------
EmetAmíta------
Aslanapa (Giregi)Kyriakoí------
Gediz (Gedüs)Kátoi------
UşakOussákion------
BanazPanásion------
Şeyhli-------
LazkiyeLaodikeíaHierapolis/Laodicea-----
Hopaz-------
Dinar (Geyikli)ApámeiaApamea-----
UluborluSozópolis------
BurdurPraitóriaPraetoria-----
IspartaBaridaAntiochia Caesaria-----
Eğridir (Eğirdir)Akrotêrion------
IstanozStenós------
AntalyaAttaleíaAttalea-----
ElmalıAkarassós------
Kaş​
AntíphellosAntiphellus-----
ManavgatSelge------
AlaiyeKalonórosCoracesium----Candelore/Cardelloro (Italian)
SelintiSelinoúnta------
YalvaçKekaumênêAntiocheia MinorAntaqiyya al-Muhtariqa----
AkşehirPhilomêlionPhilomelium-----
BeyşehirMistheíaClaudiocaesarea-----
Seydişehir-------
KarahisarAkroínonAcroenus-----
SandıklıApameía Kybótos------
AltıntaşAizanoiSoa-----
ŞuhutSynnadaSynnada-----
Emirdağ (Cırgın)AmórionAmoriumAmmûriyya----
SeyitgaziNakôlaionNacolea-----
ErmenekGermanikópolisGermanicopolis---Germanig-
MutKlaoudiópolisClaudiopolis---Mud-
AnamurAnamúrionAnemuriumMamûriyya----
SilifkeSeleukeíaSeleucia ad Calycadnum-----
LarendeLáranda------
Hatunsaray-------
Çeltik-------
KarapınarBarta------
KonyaIkónionIconeum----Dârülmülk (Seljuk dynasty name)
Ilgın (Yılğun)-------
LadikLaodikeia Katakekaumene-Lâdiqîya Al-Muhtariqa---Ladik-i Suhte (Persian)
Eskil (Eskiil)-------
İnsuyu-------
AksarayArxelaída------
Koçhisar-------
Bekarlar (Nenezi)Nanathiangó------
NiğdeNígdê-Mâjida----
Bor (Kilisehisar)Tyana/PórosTyana-----
Nevşehir (Muşkara)Moskhári------
Sarıyahşi-------
ÜrgüpÁgios ProkópiosOsiana-----
Kırşehir (Kırşehri)SaravénaAquae Saravenae-----
Hacıbektaş (Sulucakarahöyük)AndídonDoara-----
KalecikMalós------
Ankara (Engüri)ÁnkyraAncyra----Angora (Western European)
Haymana-------
PolatlıGórdionGordium-----
Beypazarı (Beğpazarı)AnastasiópolisAnastasiopolis-----
Kıbrıscık (Karadoğan)Kyparissós------
Çubuk (Çubukpazarı)-------
ÇerkeşAntonioúpolisAntoniopolis-----
Kurşunlu (Karacaviran)Anadynata------
Çankırı (Kengırı)GángraGermanopolis--Kângar-Gangara (Western European)
TosyaTheodosía------
Bayat (Bahaeddin)-------
İskilipAsklêpiónAesculapius-----
Gümüş--Kumis----
Çorum (Çorumlu)Eukaíte------
Sungurlu (Budaközü)-------
Ballışeyh-------
Dinek Keskin (Dinekkeskini)-------
BozokPtería------
Çandır (Çayırşehri)-------
Sorgun (Büyük Köhne)Euagína------
Gadegara-------
LadikLaodikeíaLaodicea-----
MerzifonMersyphon----MarzvanMerzban (Persian)
AmasyaAmásiaAmasia-----
ZileZêlaZela-----
Sonisa-------
NiksarNeokaisáriaNeocaesarea-----
TokatEudokíasEudoxia-----
KoyulhisarNikópolisNicopolis-----
Aydıncık-------
Sulusaray (Salursaray)SebastópolisSebastopolis-----
SivasSebasteíaSebastia-SêwasKâbiraSebastia-
HafikKamísa------
ZaraZáraZara-----
Şarkışla (Şehirkışla)Malandára------
GemerekArmaxáArmaxa---Garmrag-
GürünGaurênê--GirînTil GarimmuGyurin-
Deliktaş-------
Comana-------
Tomarza-----Dumarza-
KayseriKaisáriaCaesareaKaysariyya--Majak-
Boğazlıyan (Urumdiğin)-----Rumdigin-
Karahisar-ı DeveliBagadanía----Averag-
AdanaÁdana----Adana-
TarsusTarsósTarsusTarsus--Tarson-
Çandir-------
YumurtalıkAigiás----AyasAiazzo/Laiazzo (Italian)
MaraşGermaníkeiaGermanicia-GurgumMarqas--
Kaysun---Kêsûn-K'esun-
Besni---BêsnîBêth Hesnê--
ElbistanLykandósLycandusal-BustânElbistan-Ablasta-
GöksunKykysósCucuso/Cuxon---Koksoun-
MalatyaMelitênêMelitene-MeletîMalītīnáMalat'ia-
Gerger---Aldûş-Gargar-
Kahta---Kolîk---
Samsut (Hısnımansur)-PerrheHisn-MansurSemsûr---
Birecik--al-Bîra-Birthâ--
SuruçBátnaiBatnas-PirsûsSerûj--
Şanlıurfa (Urfa)EdéssaEdessa-Riha-Urha-
SiverekChasanará-Hisn ar-Ran--Sevaverag-
Çermik (Çermuk)----AbarnêJermuk-
ViranşehirKonstantínêConstantina-WêranşarTella--
Kızıltepe (Dunaysir)--Tel-ErmenQoser---
MardinMaridáMarida-MêrdînMerdîn--
Ergani---Erxenî-Argni-
Eğil (Egil)IngilênêIngilene-GêlAggelAnghl-
Diyarbakır (Diyarbekr)Amit (Pontic)AmidaÂmitAmedÂmîdDikranagerd-
Hazro---Hezro---
SavurSaúrasSaurasSawrStewrSawro-
HasankeyfKíphasCiphasHisn KayfaHeskîfKêphaHarsenkev-
Kulp (Pasur)---Pasûr---
SiirtSírtêSirteSi'irdSêrtSiirtSgherd-
Eruh---Dih-Dih-
ŞırnakSareísa--ŞirnexŞahrnâx--
Cizre--Jazirat ibn 'UmarCizîrGāzartā d'Bet Zabdaï--
Midyat---MidyadMedyad--
Hakkari---ColemêrgBêth Hakaraye--
Şemdinli---ŞemzînanShemsdin--
Bitlis--BadlîsBedlîsBalalisBaghesh-
Hizan---Xîzan-Khizan-
MuşTaraunitês--Mûş-Mush-
VanEva--Wan-Tosb-
Başkale---Elbak-Hatamagerd-
Erciş---Erdiş-Agants-
Karakilise---Agirî-Pakrevand/Karber-
MalazgirtMatzikért--Melezgir-Manazkert-
Bayazıt---Bazîd-Daruynk-
Hınıs---Xinûs-Khnus-
Varto---Gimgim-Varto-
Bingöl (Cevlik)--Jabal JulÇewlik-Chapaghjur-
Genç (Daraheni)---Darahênê-Gtarits-
Adaklı (Azakpert)Artalésôn--Azaxpêrt-Asdghapert-
Hani (Heni)---Hênî---
PaluRomanoúpolis--Palo-Palahovid-
Pertek---Pêrteg-Berdak-
Keban (Ribat-i Keban)--Ribat al-KabanKeban-Gaban-
Harput--Khartbirt/Hisn ZiyadXarpêtHesna d-ZiyadKharberd-
Sivrice (Hefthisar)---Haftasar---
Iğdır---Reşqelas-Ts'olakertEgida (Western European)
AniÁnionAbnicum---Ani-
Kars---Qers---
Kağızman---Qaxizman-Kaghzvan-
ArdahanGogarênê--Erdêxan-ArdahanArt'aani (Georgian)
Oltu-----UltikUltisi (Georgian)
Tortum------Tortomi (Georgian)
BayburtPaipérte----Bayberd-
ErzurumTheodosiópolis-KâlîkalâErzirom-KarinKarnu Kalaki (Georgian)
Pasinler (Hasankale)PhasianoíPhasiani---PasenBasiani (Georgian)
KelkitLykopotamía------
ErzincanKilisênê--Erzîngan-Yerznka-
KemahKámacha--Kemax-Daranaghi-
İliç-----Lichk-
ŞebinkarahisarKolôniaColonia---Koghoniya-
RizeRizaíonRhizaeum-----
SürmeneSoúrmena------
TrabzonTrapezoúsTrapezus---TrapizonT'rap'uzani (Laz)
T'rap'izoni (Georgian)
Trebizond (Western European)
GöreleKordyleCoralla-----
GiresunKerasoúsCerasus-----
Ordu (Bayramlu)Kotyôros------
ÜnyeOinóe------
TermeThermaí----Vank-
Akkuş-------
SamsunSampsoúnta/Amisós-----Simisso (Italian)
BafraPaúra------
GerzeKárousa------
SinopSinôpêSinope-----
Boyabat-------
TaşköprüPompeiópolis------
İneboluIonópolis------
Devrekani-------
Araç (Arac)-------
KastamonuKastamôn------
BartınParthénios------
Yenice (Yenicepazarı)-------
Safranbolu (Borlî)Saphrámpolis------
Mengen-------
GeredeKrateíaCratia-----
Düzce (Konrapa)-Prusias ad Hypium-----
BoluKlaoudiópolisClaudiopolis-----
Akçakoca (Akçaşeheir)Dióspolis-----
Akyazı-------
Note: Certain towns are founded by the Turks and have no names in other languages. Certain town are illegible or I can't find them in my sources. In some cases, the current name is perfectly fine but not Old Anatolian Turkish enough. Tried to accomodate all of it, and preferred town names over region names whenever available. In Greek translations, eta is represented with ê and omega with ô. Other markers are accents. I used Western Armenian whenever I could. I simply have no idea about Syriac and its Romanization.
Wouldn't "Scutari" be a better localization for üsküdar? As far as I know chrysopolis is it's ancient name and üsküdar is coming from scutari (byzantine military units).
 
  • 1
  • 1Like
Reactions:
Im curious about number 2, specifically Iranian migrations.Would you sya the name of the books or a link to the articles?
There is a lot of scholarship on the subject, here are a few accessible examples for you.

Hillenbrand: Ravandi, the Seljuk court at Konya, and the Persianisation of Anatolian Cities.
Cahen: L’émigration persane des origines de l’Islam aux Mongols.
Peacock, Islamisation: Comparative Perspectives from History, Chapter 8.
Sargsyan: Persian Turkish Dictionaries of the mid 15th-16th century, in Rohdewald et al. Knowledge on the Move in a Transottoman Perspective

For primary sources, if you know Persian and/or Arabic, you can find information in Ibn Bibi (late 13th century), 14th century Mamluk biographical dictionaries, Astarabadi's Bazm u Razm (late 14th century), among others.

Sorry for the incomplete references. I originally put full links but the spam bot blocked me. This should be easy to find using google though.
 
  • 4
Reactions:
If the ethnicity is map like this how can I settle Turcomans in Europe when ottomans did back then in 1360s by the Ottoman Sultan Murad I. Map seems so fake and European politic propaganda. Nothing historical.
 
  • 24
  • 3Haha
  • 3
  • 1Like
Reactions:
Solid argument, but have you considered the fact that I, the player, am just built different?
Yes. That's why you, as a player, will have some curve balls to overcome. And you may do differently as the Byzantines did in history because, well, it's a game. ;)
 
  • 32Haha
  • 6Like
Reactions: