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I didn't mean to imply that Catholicism was uninnovative or backwards. I was trying to make the point that religion shouldn't be the main determinant of innovativeness, period, which I think was your point too. So that whether Byzantium is Orthodox or Catholic shouldn't be what determines the tech group (on its own).

I played an interesting game tonight (as Castile, until I got angry at being railroaded into the historical but bigoted choices of the late 1400s - maybe I don't *want* to expel everyone!). Hellas took Albania right off, and then knocked Byzantium around for a while. The frightened Byzantines chose to execute Mustafa instead of releasing him (choice #3 - what were the odds?). Turkey conquered a good chunk of Anatolia, then attacked Byzantium in 1450 (look at the timing!). They took Thrace, in 1451, but were bought off by 450d. Oh, well. They ended up taking it in 1460 with the help of the Venetians (history repeats itself), and the Venetians annexed the capital province of Morea in 1461; Byzantium died as an Orthodox state once more. The level 3 fortress really seemed to make the sieges last the right length of time.

Shi, I'm not sure if you're willfully misunderstanding my arguments, or just really don't like this event. Compared to the existing population in both the Balkans and Anatolia, the Turks would have been a minority (in this case, a Muslim minority among a staunchly Orthodox population). When the political winds changed, the majority population showed surprisingly little compunction about changing their beliefs.

If you're trying to argue that it's impossible for a government to thoroughly "convert" their population at this point in time, I agree with you. That's why the people switched from loyal, Orthodox, Romaoi (as some called themselves into the 19th century) to fairly docile Muslim subjects, on largely their own initiative and at who knows what depth of feeling (if that's what your remark about the Smyrna Greeks in 1922 was implying). If you're arguing that governments of this time period could thoroughly change the cultural identity of their subjects, then I don't really agree, but in that case I don't see what problem you would have with this event anyway.

It's ok if there are large Muslim minorities in various provinces. IRL, there were large Orthodox minorities that didn't go away. Yes, relocating urbanites to the countryside would cause massive disruptions, which is represented by a stab hit that would take years to recover from and revolts that would further destroy the productive value of the region for at least a year. But in a massively rural age, people were much better acclimated to the idea of getting a self-owned farmstead, the goal of most young men, then today's urbanites (or suburbanites, for that matter).

"Having played through a good chunk tonight (up through the Byzantine Revival events, but not the Anatolia events), I can tell you it's not real pretty."

Well that's good, seeing as how it not being really pretty was the historically accurate situation for the Roman EMpire at the times.

I guess that's a backhanded compliment, so thank you.

driftwood
 
Oh, I just had an idea!

Right now I have the Rise of the Magnates event as a DP-dependent random event. But having been inspired by Maur's (I think) Polish inflation events, I have a better idea. I'll create separate events that will occur every, say 30 years (with an offset of 5 years). This will ultimately drive you (or the AI) to completely crush them or to completely give in to their demands, or face these revolts indefinitely.

The triggers would be:
Aristocracy 5-9
Serfdom 5-9
Centralization 2-8
Previous revolt happened

So all three DP values must fall into their appropriate ranges.

As an added bonus, caving into their demands will also lower your quality, nicely simulating the decline of the state's army when the magnates call the shots.

driftwood
 
Last night, I played a round as Byzantium. It was tricky, as Turkey, even with relations at +25 or better, constantly DoW'ed me. In one game, I had the help of the Mamelukes, Venice, and Serbia, IIRC. Needless to say, we kicked some Turkish A**. However(grumble), the Mamelukes controlled Macedonia, which was always an annoyance, because then I couldn't take it in a peace treaty:mad:.
 
That's good. The Byzantines should have a hell of a time surviving, and must use vulture tactics to get more territories.... Remember the historic example of what the Byzantines did when Timur beat the Ottomans. They took advantage of it and grabbed territory back.
 
Originally posted by driftwood
Oh, I just had an idea!

Right now I have the Rise of the Magnates event as a DP-dependent random event. But having been inspired by Maur's (I think) Polish inflation events, I have a better idea. I'll create separate events that will occur every, say 30 years (with an offset of 5 years). This will ultimately drive you (or the AI) to completely crush them or to completely give in to their demands, or face these revolts indefinitely.

The triggers would be:
Aristocracy 5-9
Serfdom 5-9
Centralization 2-8
Previous revolt happened

So all three DP values must fall into their appropriate ranges.

As an added bonus, caving into their demands will also lower your quality, nicely simulating the decline of the state's army when the magnates call the shots.

driftwood

So our resident event-genious strikes again. Good idea but I would put the centralisation slider more in the 0-6 or 7 area since very high centralization would mean that the magnates would be under an iron fist. Perhaps it could be splitted into two different events based on how high your centralization is with more neutral choices if it is average and really bad ones if it is low since that would mean that you wouldn´t have much chance in stopping them in whatever they were up to.
 
Well, I didn't want to make the event too complicated. I figure that at the extremes, say centralization of 1-2 (I'm using a 1-10 scale - should it be 0-10?), the magnates have basically all the autonomy they want from the state. Likewise at very high centralization of 9-10, they no longer think it's feasible to revolt, if they even still exist.

Since the effects of a slider become more exagerrated the further from the center you go, the consequences of the event moderate themselves. Slipping from slight centralization to the even position isn't too bad, but if it's followed up by another drop later it gets worse, and so on.

But since magnates can exist even in highly centralized societies, and since this is an omnipresent danger, I think the upper limit on centralization should stay high. Remember, there are other ways to neutralize the event (through aristocracy and serfdom).

I don't know about genious; I just do what I can. ;)

driftwood
 
Hmm good point about the low centralization effect. And the scale has 11 points, from 0 to 10. So a five is an absolute center not 5,5.
 
Originally posted by Constantine XI

First of, STOP CALLING IT HAGIA SOFIA!! Until the Turks made it a mosque it was St. Sophia. Got it? OK, on to my next topic.

[/B]

Hmmm. Not 100% on this, but was it not...

1) Originally "Hagia Sofia" = "Holy Wisdom".

2) Reasonably rendered by Latin countries as "Santa Sofia" in a Greek/Latin hybrid still meaning "Holy (Sanct) Wisdom", but with the word "santa" also meaning, by co-incidence, female of "saint".

3) Over centuries, by ingrained error, changed to "Saint Sofia".

Not sure about that, but someone should check it. Preferably someone Greek.

---------------

On a completely unrelated note...

There seems to be a basic dichotomy of supporters of a realistic *Constantinople becomes a mercantile city-state* scenario, and a fantastic *Roman Empire makes a comeback* scenario. I think both would be immensely fun and both should be made available. Do we really have to choose one over the other? My $.02: I think it would be cool if Byzantium's name changed to "Constantinople" in the mercantilist city-state scenario to be consistent with "Venice" and "Genoa". Maybe the two scenarios could be combined into one where the safe choice is city-state (perhaps initially as a Turkish vassal to stop them from annihilating you, and maybe with the aforementioned name-change to "Constantinople"), but if the player REALLY wants the up-hill battle of the century (you know he will;) ), then he/she can go for it, but will have to face a brutal events file that reflects the historical absurdity of the choice. This would, after all, make pulling off a Roman revival even more rewarding.

-----------------

On the "Roman Empire" versus "Byzantium" name thing...

"Byzantine Empire" is, of course, a made-up name created for the convenience of historians. However, by calling the Empire the "Roman Empire", we are essentially saying that the Greeks were right to say that they were living in the "Roman Empire", while the Latins were wrong in saying that they lived in the real (Holy) Roman Empire. The Latins were right in that the concepts of pan-Latinism and Romanism are to some degree inseparable, but the Greeks were right in that they were the legal heirs of Augustus' office. I'm not sure that we should side with one or the other. I think that, ideally, the name of the nation would be "Roman Empire" for the person playing it (i.e. the Greek player), and "The Empire of the Greeks" or "Constantinople" to Latinistic nations (i.e. people playing a Latin/Germanic nation). Yes, I know that's not possible in a multiplayer game, but in single...?

------------------

Finally, what about a fantasy *History Repeats Itself* scenario? We could essentially mirror the real history of Justinian's reconquest, pushed 800 years into the future, to make up the Roman comeback part of the scenario. The monarch could be "Justinian IV" with his trusty general "Belisarius III". After that, we could just take 400 years of any part of Byzantine history and use the real monarchs (but with "the second" or "the third" or whatever added to their names) and events roughly mirroring the real historical events that took place (albeit much earlier in Byzantium's history). Historical notes could give a brief description of the real event/monarch as well as notes on how the scenario designer thinks that would play out in the "what-if" scenario set 500 or 1000 years into the future.

loseth
 
Originally posted by loseth



On the "Roman Empire" versus "Byzantium" name thing...

"Byzantine Empire" is, of course, a made-up name created for the convenience of historians. However, by calling the Empire the "Roman Empire", we are essentially saying that the Greeks were right to say that they were living in the "Roman Empire", while the Latins were wrong in saying that they lived in the real (Holy) Roman Empire. The Latins were right in that the concepts of pan-Latinism and Romanism are to some degree inseparable, but the Greeks were right in that they were the legal heirs of Augustus' office. I'm not sure that we should side with one or the other. I think that, ideally, the name of the nation would be "Roman Empire" for the person playing it (i.e. the Greek player), and "The Empire of the Greeks" or "Constantinople" to Latinistic nations (i.e. people playing a Latin/Germanic nation). Yes, I know that's not possible in a multiplayer game, but in single...?


This subject has been beaten totally to death and I´m satisfied to keep it they way it is. Less problems that way.
 
I think it was Sancta Sophia, being the Latin for holy or sacred. I presume that saint is derived from sanctus. But I'm not sure how sacer (sacred) plays into the linguistic adventure.

I haven't put much effort into creating a city-state scenario for Byzantium that includes ONLY Thrace because I see no reason that the Ottomans would have permitted such a major hindrance in their empire to exist, when it could have offered no meaningful resistance to them. You can go down such a route if you conquer the extended hinderland (basically the Aegean basin), which is similar to Venetian expansion down the Adriatic coast in intent. Expansion to that size would also provide enough resources (IMHO) to allow at least a slightly reasonable chance of resisting Ottoman encroachment.

I'm just explaining my reasoning. Of course, I'd be thrilled to see any events you'd like to see for a city-state path of events!

I was toying with the idea of changing the name to "Eastern Roman Empire" after reaching pre-Manzikert borders, and "Roman Empire" if, after additional events, you retake Italy and stuff. I don't really care. Both sides are right and wrong, and any choice has major deficiencies, so we should prefer gameplayability over strict legality.

That's a very clever idea about shifting Byzantine history up, since Heraclius in 610 was in almost the exact same position as Manuel II in 1419. I think we're actually doing that, to a large extent, but the circumstances are such that we can't just stick to the historic timetable too well.

At a time when the Franks quickly started sending tribute again to Justinian as soon as he retook Africa, part of Spain, and Italy (on and off again), every successor state still formally acknowledge the Emperor's right to reassert his political control over the Imperium. By the late middle ages, the idea of the universal empire and Christendom was breathing its last. No one in the signficantly stronger western states would accept the same type of behavior in the 16th century as the 6th century. (Sorry, my area of study, when I'm studying history, is the 5th-7th centuries, and the evolution of Roman institutions and ideas.)

Not to mention that the Avar-Slav union allied with an exhausted Persia of the 7th century is a far cry from a dynamic, innovative, and expansive Ottoman state. Certainly, Byzantium could not now expand at the expense of a distracted Baghdad-based Caliphate or fragmented successor states. Or rely on its still-strong economy, governmental institutions, or lack of great families of magnates.

At any rate, I'd be interested to see how far people can go with the idea. :) Certainly we have no reason to create fictitious monarchs and generals instead of choosing historic ones we're trying to simulate anyhow.

driftwood
 
We must recall that Manuel II was still in the "berathing space" created by the passage of Timur in 1403. By 1421, the situation had grown dimmer.

The Ottomans were in civil disorder, and the Byzantines had gained temporary advantage by sideing with one side. Also note that the Byzantines were vassals of the Turks mearly twenty years before, and the Turks wanted that again, but in the first two years wanted to solidify their rule (lower stability at start?)

Another "problem" would be representing the various Byzantine holdings they still ahd in 1419. None of these really add up to a majority of a province, but they were the major cities of some of those provinces. Thus, we start with a Byzantinum that is suprisingly weaker then it historically was during this period (but we also have a far more cunning TUrkish AI.
 
I wouldn't agree that EU2 Byzantium is substantially weaker than RL Byzantium in 1419. True, the Byzantines held the coastal cities of Macedonia and Thrace, but only for finally having chosen the correct side in the various Turkish civil wars. The cities depended completely on their hinterlands for their economic survival (not the other way around), and the hinterlands were firmly under Turkish control. Byzantium has no political, economic, or military institutions to rely upon, and so now way to take meaningful advantage of Turkish weakness. In 1402, in particular, they had more reason to fear a continued advance by Tamerlane than to seek new opportunities.

I think that, the inflation in army sizes aside, EU2 does a very good job of representing accurately Byzantium's strength, especially after I cut the loan size in half. Although you don't hold Thessalonica, the Turks never had any difficulty taking any Byzantine city except for Constantinople in a matter of weeks, so the point is kind of moot. You live in a state of panic, wondering if today will be the day the Turks DoW you, knowing that any resistance is almost useless, and with almost no good avenues for expansion or improvement ...

driftwood
 
And thus, a one-word analysis for Byzantium, at least post-1422, is "hopeless". However, they were on good terms with the Turks in the first 3 years of the game (they were freed from their vassalage, and the Turks even recognized them as titualar overlords). If anything, exloiting the situation would be the only way for them to survive.

I suppose that sending out the pretender to challenge Mehmet was their attempt at creating another Turkish civil war (and hopefully throwing off the Turkish yoke for a longer period, or allow themselves to create a small Greek state.
 
Well, I understand why they released him. They had a brilliant general/administrator in Constantine XI, and they clearly could expand only at the expense of the Turks once they had all of the Morea. Any expansion into Albania, Bulgaria, or Serbia would be equivalent to fighting the Turks, since the Turks had made it clear that those areas were, if not formal vassals at that point, clearly their sphere of influence. And the Duchy of Athens was an extension of the very states in Italy/W. Europe whose support Byzantium wanted.

OTOH, most of the nomadic Turcoman states had collapsed with a couple of generations, and after the stress of Tamerlane, released Mustafa must have seemed like a reasonable risk. The alternative would be to allow the alarmingly competent Murad II to continue to rebuild Ottoman strength. With a choice between a very risky gamble for possible improvement and an almost certain fate of absorption by Turkey, I can't really blame them for releasing the pretender. The previous policy of sitting around, waiting for divine (or western) intervention hadn't worked very well.

driftwood
 
I think I found the key to Byzantine survival...its risky but its worked so far. Right off the bat I send a personal gift to the Sultan of Sultans, Shah of Shahs, Ghazi of Ghazis (a golden mosaic of a fruitcake perhaps?) with a little note mentioning all the nasty names the Seljuks of Kastamu had called him. Once the Ottomans are safely at war conquering their annoying Turkish bretherin I sail my fleet for Cyprus with my armies on board and usually conquer that state with a little trouble (often your first invasion will fail despite numerical superiority but since Cyprus has little or no navy you can keep trying). My theory is that since the Western Europeans were unable to get it together to stop a rampaging Islamic empire I am sure they wont bother to stop me either. So far that has proven absolutly correct.

At that point the White Sheep and their Dulkadir ally have declared war on Trebizond and I make sure I am delayed sending aid until after they have conquered the poor Comneni before gloriously arriving and defeating the Turks and reconquering Trebizond. This can either simply be a matter of conquering Trebizond and marching to Sivas or Kurdistan but sometimes you may need to take a few loans and fight more then one campaign. By this means I have doubled my realm by 1422 or so. I am using Driftwood's events so I usually slit Moustafa's neck at this point and get money to pay my debts and get my relationship with Murad to +200 where he promptly offers me an alliance which I of course take. Needless to say I am not exactly a very helpful ally.

At this point Rhodes needs to be conquered ASAP followed by Hellas. At 6 provinces you can start thinking of turning on your Turkish "allies" or going in another direction.

Given the state of Western Europe looking that direction for help is foolish. If you want to grab Genoa's provinces in the Crimea or Venice's islands in the Mediterranean you had better act fast before the latin tech gap makes it impossible. Best to tie your fate with the Ottomans for awhile while you kick the Catholics out but not too long as getting Smyrna and Macedonia back are key for success and sitting by while the Turk conquers your Orthodox bretheren in the Balkans would be uncomfortable to say the least.
 
Well that is an interesting take on things. Added to what you write the ottomans should give enough of a strategic depth to defend against BB-wars.
 
Actually, I'm currently toying with the idea of starting Byzantium allied to the Turks, then having them "break off" in 1421, dropping relations drastically, and so forth. Or would that produce too many implausible situations (also, the Byzantine AI is feisty and DoWs the Turks a lot.... hmm...)

Ironically, when Constantinople fell, most of the remenents of the duchy of athens was in byzantine hands, which was unfortunately lost when the turks crushed them in 1458 (perhaps the turks obey the five-year peace treaties too :D)
 
Yeah you have got to be careful that your BB never gets higher then "rather bad" or things might get ugly. Usually after I finish gobbling up Hellas, RHodes, Cyprus, and Trebizond (though since this is gained from a defensive war and not a country annexation it doesn't give that much BB I believe) I am at tarnished and many other countries are way ahead in being the biggest and baddest in Europe. From there you shouldn't be annexing anymore countries for awhile and the Orthodox countries you will be allying with later dont seem to mind at all you annexing countries at the Catholic world's expense. Going after Venice immediatly after you finish kicking around the Crusader states would probably be a bad idea from a BB perspective however. Time is of the essence though...by the later 15th century the opportunity to defeat Genoa and Venice might be gone.
 
By far, the key is to keep Turkey's attention focused AWAY FROM YOU. They just have far too many resources, and their army is much too good, for you to accomplish anything early on against them unless you're very lucky.

I've found it convenient to ally with Hungary, since they often get into wars with Venice (they're a BB :)) and you can steal Venetian provinces while they have larger problems to worry about. You definitely need 5-6 provinces to achieve self-sufficiency, which is coincidentally the size required for the Byzantine Renaissance. :D

I usually release the pretender (paying to give him support doesn't seem to do any good - 1000 green Turkish infantry can defeat a 20k rebel army, it seems) just because I'm testing the "historical" path ... I've always regretted it.

Don't feel too bad about allying with the Turks. It was John Catacuzenes (sp?) who, after all, brought them over to Europe in the first place.

driftwood
 
Originally posted by driftwood


I haven't put much effort into creating a city-state scenario for Byzantium that includes ONLY Thrace because I see no reason that the Ottomans would have permitted such a major hindrance in their empire to exist, when it could have offered no meaningful resistance to them. You can go down such a route if you conquer the extended hinderland (basically the Aegean basin), which is similar to Venetian expansion down the Adriatic coast in intent. Expansion to that size would also provide enough resources (IMHO) to allow at least a slightly reasonable chance of resisting Ottoman encroachment.

I'm just explaining my reasoning. Of course, I'd be thrilled to see any events you'd like to see for a city-state path of events!

I was toying with the idea of changing the name to "Eastern Roman Empire" after reaching pre-Manzikert borders, and "Roman Empire" if, after additional events, you retake Italy and stuff. I don't really care. Both sides are right and wrong, and any choice has major deficiencies, so we should prefer gameplayability over strict legality.

driftwood


The Turks not tolerating a small Byzantine state in their midst is a valid point. Indeed, even the EU simulation doesn't seem to allow it, as after 1453, Byzantium's monarchs are too crappy to keep good diplomatic relations with the Turks, and it is only a matter of time before they crush you.

I'm currently scripting a "basic choice" event that goes something like this:

Come 1453, the Byzantine player can choose from three basic options:

----------------

1) Byzantium is Rome
* Name changes to "Roman Empire" (I haven't figured out name changes yet--what's the command for that?)
* Shield changes to a golden eagle on a white or red field (purely for dramatic effect), if such changes can be scripted
* Core territories are added for all of Justinian's peak holdings, plus a bunch of stuff from the Roman Empire at its height (all of Iberia, a few southern French provinces and all of northern Africa)
* Stability +2, since you're indulging the public's fantasy about still living in Rome
* -400 relations with Turkey and Papal States
* -200 relations with most other Catholic countries
* -2 innovation (living in a fantasy world of the past and ignoring current reality is a pretty clear example of conservative thinking)
* events which will allow the player to add Italian, Iberian, Turkish and Arabic to his cultures are activated. These events would require the player to conquer certain key territories as well as obtain recognition from the populace--via tax exemptions(=decresed tax revenues), largesse, enfrachising the peasantry (-serfdom and/or aristocracy), etc.
* this choice not possible if Byzantium has changed to Catholic

2) Byzantium is Greece
* Name changes to "Hellas"
* shield changes to the Greek blue and white (again, for dramatic effect)
* Core territories are reduced to those with Greek culture (including the addition of Genoa's Greek provinces)
* Stability -1: public is probably upset that you're throwing in the towel as Rome, but at least you're protecting Greek civilization
* Increases revolt risk in Greek Orthodox provinces held by other countries (populace wishes to be ruled by a Greek state)
* activates "Capital" event

3) Be like Venice and Genoa
* Name changes to "Constantinople"
* Core territories reduced to Hellas, Thrace, Morea and the Greek Isles
* Tech group changes to Latin
* relations with Turkey +100 (you're giving notice that you no longer intend to take back the territory they've won since Manzikert)
* Stability -5 (complete re-definition of the state)
* innovation +2 (changing with the times in spite of almost 2000 years of tradition)
* mercantilism + 1 (new focus on survival by trade)
* "Constantinoplan COT" event activated & "Survival" event activated

---------------------

The "Constantinoplan COT" event would create a COT in Thrace if the Byantine player gets a trade agreement with one Black sea power (to get a trade route to Russia and the Silk Road) and one Arabian power or the Mamelukes (to get a trade route to the East by sea). My reasoning is that the ideal location of Constantinople could be used to restore the city's status as a trade Mecca. This event could be blocked by one of the choices in a "Turkish blockade" event happening to the Turks once they hold a certain number of key territories.

The "Survival" event would give Constantinople the chance to vassilize itself to either Turkey or Castille, depending on whether they converted to Catholicism or not. This event might allow a tiny Byzantium to survive by being subservient to a more powerful master.

The "Capital" event will allow the player to move his capital to Athens. There will be two choices:

1) move the capital to Athens
* +50 relations with Papal States and Ottoman Empire (furhter admission that the Roman Empire is dead and Greek claims do not extend beyond Greece)
* -2 stability (further weakness in the eyes of the "Romaoi"
* revolt in Thrace
* national revolt risk +1 for 5 years
* +1 tax value and +5000 population in Hellas

2) keep the capital in Thrace
* triggers a "we changed our minds" event

The "we changed our minds" event will allow Hellas to assert that she does have certain claims outside of Greece after all, at the cost of upsetting the Turks and Slavic neighbours.

Well, what do you think? Sound plausible?
 
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