[Forum Game] World in Revolution 1848

[Firehound15]

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THE URUGUAYAN CIVIL WAR, PART ONE
(1839-1848)
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An illustration of Montevideo's defenses during the Great Siege of Montevideo.
​

Uruguay's role in much of the 19th Century seemed to be as South America's battlefield. First annexed by the Empire of Brazil in 1821, it was with Argentine assistance that the Thirty-Three Orientals overthrew the Brazilian regime in the Cisplatine War. This newfound independence was immediately shaken by the loss of the Thirty-Three candidate in the nation's first presidential election. Instead, Fructuoso Rivera, who had served under the Argentinians, was elected. This would set the nation on a course from which it would face great difficulty recovering.

Fructuoso Rivera, First President of the Oriental Republic and Leader of the Colorados​

The election of Rivera had triggered revolts in military organizations which had served under General Juan Lavalleja, Rivera's primary competitor for influence in the fledgling Oriental Republic. In turn, President Rivera's supporters, with the support of Argentine Unitarians, began to attack Lavalleja's men, and the nation plunged into what would only be a minor precursor to the later Civil War. While the conflict ended after only one battle, General Lavalleja was still forced to flee into Argentina, where he was offered refuge by Federalists.

General Juan Antonio Lavalleja​

Stability was only briefly interrupted by another failed attempt by Lavalleja to invade Uruguay. Beyond this, things would remain quiet in the Oriental Republic until Rivera's succession by Manuel Oribe, another member of the Thirty-Three Orientals. While Oribe was initially Rivera's choice to succeed him, it became increasingly clear to the incumbent president that Oribe possessed discomforting ties with Lavalleja, and after ascending to the presidency, removed Rivera from office and granted amnesty to Lavalleja.

Manuel Oribe, Second President of the Oriental Republic and Leader of the Blancos​

This decision would prompt Rivera to launch a rebellion against Oribe's government. It was at this time that Oribe ordered his supporters to wear white armbands - hence Blancos. In response, Rivera initially urged his men to wear blue, but due to the impermanence of the dye, switched to red. Rivera's supporters were henceforth known as Colorados, and represented mostly the interests of urban residents of Montevideo, the nation's capital.

Armbands worn by Blancos and Colorados in the Uruguayan Civil War.​

Argentina, which neighbored Uruguay, saw in the fledgling nation a reflection of itself, as it was also facing internal tensions. This, coupled with Juan Manuel de Rosas' support for Lavalleja's cause, led the Federalists to first cross the River Uruguay. Before long, Unitarians under Juan Lavalle, De Rosas' primary rival, had entered the Oriental Republic with the goal of securing a position of power for the Colorados that they could use to launch a counterattack against their Argentine Federalist enemies.

The Uruguayan Civil War had become a proxy war for the Argentine Confederacy's enemy factions.

The war, however, was initially a success for the Blancos, who had a base of support in the Uruguayan countryside and urban areas outside of Montevideo. In the Battle of Arroyo Grande, Oribe's forces secured a sound victory, taking less than 1/10th of the casualties felt by the Colorado army. Rivera was forced to quickly retreat to Montevideo, where he set up defensive fortifications and prepared for a long siege. And a long siege it was.

The Battle of Arroyo Grande, with Argentine flags shown.​

Although the siege had been started in 1843, it had dragged on to 1848, partially buoyed by French and British supplies and troops. This arrangement, however, would not last, as the Arana-Palmerston-Bastide Treaty had resulted in both an end to the blockade against Argentina and the recognition of Manuel Oribe as the legitimate president of Uruguay. It is in 1848, as the Colorados face a potential loss of support from Europe, that the Oriental Republic stands on the precipice of concluding its nearly decade-long civil war.

 

[Dadarian]

1848​

Europe

The Tories of the United Kingdom had a bit of a kerfuffle as a confusion arose regarding the leadership of said party and the ownership of the title, Head of Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition. Following the unseating of Lord Bentinck due to his support of the Jewish emancipation, the Marquess of Granby rose to seize control of the party. Unfortunately for the party and it's boss Lord Stanley, Granby deemed himself grossly unfit to lead the party and resigned leadership a month later. This left Lord Stanley with an issue, turn to his previous rival Benjamin Disraeli or seek an outsider from the party elite.

Lord Stanley decided to support Disraeli, a competent and cunning linguist, regardless of his Judaism (a source of distress from within the very Anglican Tories). This resulted in the Commons Tories rather insultingly putting forward Lord Stanley as Head of the Opposition in the Commons, well knowing he was not a member of that House. This further split the already torn party, as God and Protectionism butted heads. By the end of the year, the Commons and the Lords were in a complete misery, as Tories disregarded Tories and Lord Russell gained a greater control of Parliament in the wake. The only silver lining was that, due to the death the Lord Bentinck in September, the Commons Tories rallied in some fashion (perhaps in disgust at the symbol of tradition being without leadership) electing J. C. Herries to the position of Head of the Opposition in the Commons. [Stronger Whiggish government, -2% Public Support]

The French elections of 1848 were the largest since Revolutionary France, with some nine million voters voting. It produced two things of note, the first being a Bonaparte President (specifically President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte) and a strongly (Moderate) Republican Constitute Assembly. This was due to the socialists being too left, the Party of Order too reactionary, and President Bonaparte too damn good at everything he did. Either way, the French democracy had a strong government and a exceedingly large mandate to play with. [Nappy President, Moderate Republican CA, +15% Public Support]

The first challenge facing the new French government was the economic turmoil that resulted from the fall of the Second Monarchy. To which the Comptoir National de Paris (CNEP) was formed by the government. The first large limited liability bank in France, it was supported by the City of Paris and the National Government in order to promote private enterprise within the confines of a limited liability. While deemed by the Right as wholly too socialist and the Left as not enough to guarantee the work of the proletariat of France, by the end of the year found to be partially successful in it's endevour, winding the economic decline from a full blown depression to a mere recession through the strength of private enterprise (and a restabilised political clime). [+4% Economic Growth, -2% Political Stability]

However, to offset the political realities of not living up to expectations that were promised, the government began a limited public healthcare program in Paris, providing basic medicine to the sick and injured of the poorer ranks of the Greatest City of the World (in a French mind). Many Conservatives threw a fit over such socialised nonsense, but the personal backing by President Napoleon made it a reality, much to the adoration of the Parisian poor. [Higher Expenses, +1% Political Stability]

Within the Kingdom of Prussia, the words of Frederick Wilhelm IV echoed in the minds of Germans across the scattered menagerie of polities that existed at the present time. In Frankfurt, an Assembly gathered, a grouping of academics and lawyers from all across the disparate states. To which, split into clubs named after their place of organisation, they dickered, dithered, and bickered. The predominantly liberal body (relatively), was split between the decidedly republican Wholes (led by the Donnersburg Club) and the monarchist liberal-conservative broadtent Halves (led by the Casino). However, it seemed that the Casino Club, although by far the largest, could not push through their desired constitution alone. Working with the federalist conservative Pariser Hof, they managed to secure a breakthrough.

The resultant document was distinct, a federation of equals (in a way). A Germany, where the central authority was found not in a demand, but a compromise, as the royalties and their assemblies all had (near) equal say in matters. Decentralised authority regarding the lower and the upper houses were maintained, and it was accepted that any who wished to join this Germany had to ratify the same document, the same Constitution.

This piece of paper, the Frankfurt Constitution, was presented to Frederick Wilhelm IV. Seeing this as an appropriately written constitution (insofar as it retained privileges to the monarchy, both overall and uniquely to Prussia as one of the equal German kingdoms), it was ordered ratified in July of 1848. The Frankfurt Constitution, the first pan-German document and perhaps the first truly federal document in Western Europe, was written, signed and adopted. [+10% Public Support, Frankfurt Constitution ratified, Kingdom of Prussia now the Federation of Germany (comprised solely of the Kingdom of Prussia)]

However, all wasn't roses in the Prussian court. It was reported that, when discovering that both Holstein and Schleswig sent members to the Frankfurt Assembly and desired admittance into the German Confederation, Frederick VII of Denmark replied that while Holstein had the right as they were German, Schleswig did not, and it was rightfully Danish. This was very much opposed by the Schleswig-Holsteiners, who rose their arms in protest. Wishing to defeat the Danish before help from the German states, the Prince of Noer gathered seven thousand strong and marched north, finding the Danes at Bov. However they were defeated due to a series of tactical blunders, and help from the German states was requested.

To which, Frederick Wilhelm IV dispatched Graf von Wrangel, Papa Wrangel, with fifteen thousand regulars in the name of the German Confederation. This was a unilateral act, as the Powers that Be had commonly found themselves undesiring of the dismemberment of the Kingdom of Denmark. This forced King Frederick Wilhelm IV to bow to pressure, and attempt to recall Papa Wrangel from the peninsula. However, seeing himself as the defender of Germans against the Nordic hordes, the Graf von Wrangel stayed put, putting his troops to use.

While no single decisive battle was found, as a series of engagements occurred with mixed results, von Wrangel's forces delayed Danish success until the fateful day when the Duchies of Holstein and Schleswig, independently but together, signed the Frankfurt Constitution, becoming constitute members of the German Federation. This irrecoverably cleft the twin duchies from Denmark, much to the chagrin of the Powers of Europe. King Frederick Wilhelm IV was forced into an awkward situation, accept his situation as is, or claw his way out from the box he placed himself with the acceptance of the Frankfurt Constitution. [+5% Public Support, -500 regulars, war with Denmark, Holstein and Schleswig join German Federation, GPs act pissed or GM will be pissed at you (aka Public Support hit)]

Russia was a crappy place that was incredibly backwards. The first real railway was being built from Moscow to St. Petersburg, but the Czar, finding it necessary, ordered another line from Moscow to Kiev, connecting St. Petersburg to the important cities of Russia. The Czar, just as bored as I am right now, passed the project onto his son, the Czarevich, and a clique of kleptocrats and bureaucrats. Luckily for Russia's treasury, the Czarevich was a noted reformist, and took to such progressive thinking like having a railway with a gusto. Thus, with only the expected amount of money lost to corruption, the project was completed with no real issue, which in an of itself was a source of amazement. [+1 infrastructure in 1 turn, +1 infrastructure in 2 turns to Russia, -1m Treasury]

Outside this singular event of progressivism (essentially a way to keep the Czarevich away from the court during a time of liberal turmoil), the Czar did what he did best, engage in political repression. Liberal thought, independent printing, both of these became essentially illegal (moreso) as punishments increased. The Czar, a fearful fretter, clad himself in a wall of Orthodox thought, chanting with the clergy as the Russian Empire grew increasingly repressive, as the Third Section of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery was expanded to some fifty five members. However this reaction did nothing for the Czarevich, nor anything for the people, who (unknowing of the happenings of 1848) simply saw yet another round of repression, another straw on the back of the peasants. [-1% public support to Russia, higher expenditures]

The only real 'liberalism' that even tried to poke itself out during the year was a pair of universities in Moscow and Kiev that sought to establish themselves. However, given the state of liberalism being primarily academic in nature, these were quickly shut down by a nervous Czar, and their faculty disappeared somewhere into Siberia. Higher education, for all intents and purposes, was viewed as liberal and subversive outside of the boundaries of nobility. [-1/5 Education, lower expenditures]

The Italian peninsula finds itself thrown into horror and chaos over the course of 1848. This began with the signing and ratification of the Concord of Florence, an abomination in the eyes of the forces of reaction. It dictated the formation of the Italian Confederation (much alike to the German Confederation), which gave seemingly equal say between the constituent parts while at the same time providing veto power to the Kingdom of Two Sicilies, Sardinia and Piedmonte, as well as the Bishop of Rome. The outcry from this document was immediate, as the former status quo was disrupted, and the wayward Republic of San Marco quickly entered into the Concord to the dismay of Austrian diplomats. Following a short, tepid round of sabre rattling, war was declared between the Concord and Austria.

In the Kingdom of Sardinia and Piedmonte, the idea of a confederation was met with outcry, as it was seen as Charles Albert's rightful place to become King of a singular, united Italy. This outcry was met in Naples, although for all-together different reasonings. The Court of Two Sicilies saw this Concord as nothing but an attempt by the Sardinians and Piedmontese to subvert the Neapolitan King, and saw Ferdinand II either compliant or cut out of the issue entirely (depending on the individual's opinion of the crotchety king). Indeed either due to this or as a result, the national assembly in Naples was prorogued, and the Concord never ratified in any legal sense. The Papacy, Tuscan Grand Duke, and Modenan Duke all took to the document like a parchment from Satan, claiming it as inherently undermining Papal dominance, Habsburg dominance, and Modenan independence respectively. Perhaps the only nations to take it with a gusto was San Marco, which saw it as a chance for freedom from Austrian jackboot, and manipulated their way into having their war fought for them by the strongest independent powers in Italy, and Parma, whose Duke chaffed under Austrian dictation and wanted to ensure a proper throne for his son. [-3% Public Support in Sardinia, -6% Public Support in Naples, +3% Public Support in San Marco]

This resulted in a series of highly confused events, absurd in the extraordinary. The Sardinian Army marched to war, entering Lombardy in April. About the same time, riots broke out in Turin, as liberals seeking a proper Kingdom of Italy fought liberals who approved the Concord who fought the gendarme who only wanted peace. This forced the Sardinian army to retreat and deal with it, less they win Lombardy to find that the king was suddenly hanging from a lamp post. Similarly, as the Neapolitan Army marched north to relieve the battered Republic of San Marco, they received news that not only were riots occurring in Naples, but a wayward Sicilian state had established itself, declaring sovereignty from Naples. Stricken, addled, or daft, the Neapolitan King sought glory against the Austrians. As his nation fell about his ears, it was discovered that, having never consulted the Pope regarding free movement, he was stuck at the border with the Papal State. Some sixty thousand men, camped out across small towns near the Papal border, were of no use to any. Instead of contributing to the San Marcan Revolution, Ferdinand II simply watched as Republic of Sicily was formed without hassle, as the Neapolitan Navy was currently embargoing the Adriatic. [-5% Public Support in Sardinia, -10% Public Support in Naples, Republic of Sicily formed - player needed, embargo in the Adriatic (Austrian economy hurt)]

Regarding the actual campaign in Terra Ferma, it was surprisingly straight forward. Without the promised physical support from Sardinia or Naples, the Republic of San Marco was left solely with the support of the various ... agencies of all three parties, all sending out agents to act as saboteurs behind Austrian lines, causing mass desertion of non-Austrian elements. Unfortunately for them, the Austrians were the predominant portion of the army, the Czechs were relatively happy alongside the Polish and Hungarians due to recent liberal concessions. In all, what occurred was a uniquely large round up of Italian individuals, whose execution was swift and merciless. While the idea of undermining a multiethnic state was found in good strategic sense, the effect of spies are uniquely diminished when it happens more and more often.

The only actual battle was fought near Casier on the 8th of September, the San Marcan army, finding that no allies were forthcoming, finally brought battle after months of delaying tactic. The First Imperial Army, led by General Ludwig von Welden, brought to bear some twenty thousand soldiers, half regulars and the rest either irregulars or conscripted militia. On the other side, Giuseppe Mazzini, a noted republican, did what he could. Unfortunately, there was only so much the exhausted, poorly trained, poorly supplied, and demoralised San Marcans could do in the face of a fresh Austrian army. Although Mazzini did his darnedest, his troops broke after two hours, with the much of the militia fleeing before Austrian lead. Taking what he could, Mazzini retreated to Venice proper, giving up the Terra Ferma to the Austrians again. The First Imperial gave chase, and by the end of the year Venice was besieged by land, supported almost entirely by the Neapolitan Navy. [San Marco: -9,000 militia, -5,000 irregulars, -2% Public Support. Austria: -4,000 regulars, -3,000 irregulars, -1,000 militia, +1% Public Support]

Elsewhere in Italy, liberal fires grew. The Grand Duke of Tuscany, the Duke of Modena, and the Papacy all reported riots and popular discontent, while the Duchy of Parma quickly put through a liberal constitution in order to maintain his throne. These, alongside success in San Marco and Sicily led the people of Milan to cast off the Austrian yoke, independent of Sardinian assistance. Proclaiming the Republic of Milan, the city state was essentially immediately surrounded when Field Marshal Radenzky surrounded the city with twenty five thousand soldiers. Although not part of the plan originally, and seeing no Sardinians over the horizon, Radenzky quickly besieged and ended the nascent Republic before it could gain proper steam. This was a huge victory in hindsight, as such a quick repression of the city by the Austrians led to the maintenance of their defensive lines in Lombardy, undercut the liberalness of the Concord, and further drove down moral of the Italian Republic of San Marco. [San Marco: -2% Public Support. Austria: -1,000 militia]

The Austrian Empire was beset by all sides. Betrayal from Italy, rebellion in Hungary. Kaiser Ferdinand, although not of his senses, knew something was up, and those things were dumplings. As for the actual politics of Austria, it was seen that something needed to happen. Internal politiking between the two primary factions nearest to power, Reactionaries under Alexander von Bach and Liberals under Freiherr Franz von Pillersdorf. To wit it was by the roll of the die that the Freiherr won out the day, securing control of the Minister-Presidency and pushing through a predominantly Liberal government. Through which, a packet of reforms were approved, liberalising the nation to a point hither too unseen. Unintentionally mimicking much of the Frankfurt Constitution, the Austrian Kingdom acceded to the Twelve Points of the Hungarian People. By the Grace of the Lord and Ferdy's dumplings, what was about to be a war was quickly defused by a stream of liberalism. Austrian autocracy in Hungary was no more, and so was the independent Hungarian state. This was cemented by not an army being the first to cross the Hungarian-Austrian border, but Kaiser Ferdinand and his caretakers. Speaking before the Hungarian House of Magnates, he was warmly received with an applause he could never understand, with the title Fajta or "the Kind" placed upon Ferdy with a gusto. Austria was united in the East. [Austria: now a constitutional monarchy, 12 points acceded, +10% Public Support, Hungary joins the fold. Sealy kicked as Hungary.]

The Revolutions in Wallachia and Moldova were viewed poorly both in Konstantiny'ye and St. Petersburg. The Moldovans and Wallachians, seeking freedom from an oppressive quasi-feudalist class of landowners, rose up in tandem to oppose it. The Ottomans, seeing a rebellion within their vassals, quickly dispatched a column of five thousand soldiers, of three thousand irregulars and two thousand regulars. Led by the indomitable Omar Pasha, it was meant to be a short and decisive campaign. Which, to be fair, it originally was. Omar Pasha met the Wallachians in Bucharest at Dealul Spirii, and defeated them easily, scattering them before the Ottoman lines. However then the Russians arrived.

Working on the old system of calendar, the Russian Army, antiquated and lumbering, entered precisely when they wanted too; almost two weeks after everyone else. Omar Pasha was informed that some thirty thousand Russian regulars, a massive undertaking, were sweeping in from Moldova, which was already "pacified" by the Czar's army. With distinct orders to defend Wallachia proper, Omar Pasha and his tiny army flitted about like a dangerous hummingbird, catching Russian formations, tired from the trek, off guard. By the time the issue was discovered and confirmed by both Konstantiny'ye and St. Petersburg, hundreds had already died from malnutrition, Ottoman harassment, and scores more had deserted. What was important though, was by January, the Russian Army was in control of both Duchies. [Russia occupies Moldova & Wallachia, -100 regulars and -400 irregulars from Ottomans, -600 regulars from Russia]

Some better news is that in Konstatiny'ye, the first real university opens up much back patting and applause. Modelled after universities in the United Kingdom and France, and patterned after the Parisan Academy of Science, the Encümen-i Daniş represented a large step for the Ottoman Empire as a whole. Academics were given proper labs, a new generation of intelligencia were taught, and the pace of Ottoman advancement heightened. Insofar as the Ottoman Empire advanced that is. [+1/5 Education, higher expenditures]

Asia

The assassination of Lieutenant Patrick Vans Agnew and Lieutenant William Anderson of the East India Company (hereafter EIC) by irregulars loyal to the Diwan of Multan caused a storm of controversy within the United Kingdom as well a rebellion of Sikhs against the EIC. The British, eager to not only quickly clamp down on rebellion before it spread to it's Hindu population but to finish the work started in the First Anglo-Sikh War, gave ample assistance to the EIC. Royal Navy ships were dispatched at the behest of the Whigs in Westminster, with many captains hoping to find glory and knighthood in India excited to make the journey.

Multan was quickly put under siege by the EIC and their sepoy levies, and a series of border skirmishes were fought. However, by the end of the year, no particularly decisive engagement occurred, as the Khalsa Army avoided larger elements of the EIC, focusing on consolidating their guns and fighting smaller detachments while the EIC sought furtively for glory and victory in vain, content only with the siege of Multan and the complete control of the Indus and Chenab rivers. However, it is expected that, by the new year, a proper battle will take place, leaving the British victorious and the Sikhs cowed and loyal to the Crown. [-50 regulars, -100 irregulars, Second Anglo-Sikh War has a cometh]

Americas

The day Congress approved the signing of the Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo was celebrated across the Union. People saw it as the vindication of Manifest Destiny and chanted USA! USA! USA! anachronistically. With the Treaty finalised, the USA was victorious and much much larger, regardless of having to pay off the Mexicans fifteen million for their trouble. USA! USA! USA! [-15m from treasury, +15% Public Support]

This turned out well for President Taylor, as his election happened without fanfare. His opposition? Who cared, it's like with the election of President Napoleon, when you get over 70% of the vote, no one bothers with the loser. Taking not only his expected states, but also New York, Taylor won the electoral college 199/91. It wasn't even that close. [+2 Public Support]

President Belzu, fresh off his coup d'etat, goes on a good will tour across Bolivia. On it he spouted the populism that rode him into power, promoting the national service as a way to be loyal to "the Fatherland and Belzu". The poor and uneducated, often one and the same, took to the populism as it was sold. They took to the national offices in droves, ballooning administration and turning the bureaucracy into one of the larger employers in Bolivia. While this was good for Belzu and his ego, this was not so good for the Bolivian government, as bloat began to settle itself in all the worse ways. And by worse ways, I mean via corruption, patronage, and needless red tape. [+4% Public Support, much higher expenditures]

The Uruguayan Civil War, by and large a proxy war between the Argentine Confederation and the Empire of Brazil, heated up in 1848. Both powers continued to funnel resources to their faction of choice, Argentina to the rural Blancos and Brazil to the commercial Colorados. A breakthrough would be seen in Buenos Aires, when the Argentine Confederation convinced France and Great Britain not only to lift their destructive embargo of Argentina, but recognise Manuel Oribe, leader of the Blancos, as the true President of Uruguay. This was quickly ratified in Westminster and Buenos Aires, but left on the docket in Paris until the following year. Regardless, this gave immense weight to Oribe, as his Gobierno del Cerrito was increasingly seen as the proper government in Uruguay.

Alas, diplomatic support could only do so much. With the continued support of the Empire of Brazil, the Gobierno de la Defensa of President Suarez could maintain itself through the year in Montevideo. Even with Argentine support entering into the end of the year, the Walls of Montevideo held. Whatever else, the reality on the ground was that the nation continued it's civil war unabated. [-500 regulars to Argentina, -1m to Argentina, -2m to Brazil]

Unfortunately for Brazil, by the end of the year a cadre of radical liberals in Pernambuco rose up against the ruling provincial government, seeking a better life like the Germans, Austrians, Italians, and French, these Praieiros rebelled against the existing patronage ties that dominated local politics. Unresolved by the end of the year, the Praieiros represented the most extreme version of the commonly held opposition to corruption in Brazilian politics. [-2% Popular Support, Recife in revolt, -100 regulars]

Africa

In Egypt, Muhammad Ali Pasha was growing increasingly sickly. His son, Ibrahim Pasha, a prince in all but name, was summoned to Konstantiny'ye. There he was informed that he was allowed to take his father's place as Wali of Egypt (et al), with his father's hard won concessions regarding non-interference in domestic policies maintained. In return Ibrahim would not make a mockery of the Sultan by conducting independent foreign policy or humiliating the Sultan to the Europeans. Furthermore Ibrahim would assist in an Ottoman expedition into Arabia in the following year as well as pay off the Sultan with generous donations to the Imperial Treasury. This was found acceptable by Ibrahim, and the transition of power from father to son was conducted smoothly by the end of 1848, with no surprises raising their nasty head. [Egypt ruled by Ibrahim Pasha, all is well]

Liberia had a most excellent year, yes. We are not allowed to say anything different, as we are legally required to show how amazing Liberia is. In fact, this definitely-not-a-ruse by the American Coloureds Society managed to trick convince hundreds of blacks from the United States (predominantly freemen in the Atlantic Northeast). This population increase was good, because this place is so tiny that literally a single family has statistical weight in the economy. Forward President Joseph Jenkins Robert! [+0.001 Pop]

 

[Dadarian]

1849

​

The Confederation of Argentina
Government: Republic(ish)
Population: 2.13 m. (2.40% growth)
Economy: £ 2.84 m. (2.70% growth)
Infrastructure: (3/5) Poor
Education: (2/5) Poor
Income: £ 0.09 m.
Expenses: £ 0.11 m.
Treasury: £ - 2.14 m.
Public support: 48%
Army quality: (4/5) Poor
9,500 regulars, 3,000 militia, 3,000 irregulars
Navy quality: (1/5) Poor
0 ships of the line, 0 other rates, 0 frigate
Player: Firehound15

The Austrian Empire
Government: Constitutional monarchy
Population: 30.62 m. (0.50% growth)
Economy: £ 428 m. (0.10% growth)
Infrastructure: (3/5) Poor
Education: (4/5) Poor
Income: £ 19 m.
Expenses: £ 27 m.
Treasury: £ - 17 m.
Public support: 49%
Army quality: (4/5) Average
86,000 regulars, 162,000 militia, 83,000 irregulars
Navy quality: (2/5) Poor
1 ship of the line, 15 other rates, 4 frigates
Player: Korona

The Republic of Bolivia
Government: Republic
Population: 1.356 m. (2.30% growth)
Economy: £ 2.68 m. (1.20% growth)
Infrastructure: (1/5) Poor
Education: (2/5) Poor
Income: £ 0.06 m.
Expenses: £ 0.2 m.
Treasury: £ - 1.3 m.
Public support: 42%
Army quality: (2/5) Poor
10,500 regulars, 0 militia, 3,000 irregulars
Navy quality: (4/5) Failing
0 ships of the line, 2 other rates, 1 frigate
Player: Myoon

The Empire of Brazil
Government: Constitutional monarchy
Population: 7.231 m. (1.90% growth)
Economy: £ 385.5 m. (2.80% growth)
Infrastructure: (4/5) Failing
Education: (3/5) Poor
Income: £ 13 m.
Expenses: £ 11 m.
Treasury: £ - 3 m.
Public support: 64%
Army quality: (1/5) Average
17,900 regulars, 7,000 militia, 0 irregulars
Navy quality: (3/5) Poor
7 ships of the line, 33 other rates, 6 frigates
Player: Terraferma

The Second French Republic
Government: Republic
Population: 36.233 m. (0.40% growth)
Economy: £ 550 m. ( -2.10% growth)
Infrastructure: (1/5) Good
Education: (1/5) Good
Income: £ 22 m.
Expenses: £ 25 m.
Treasury: £ - 30 m.
Public support: 61%
Army quality: (3/5) Good
99,000 regulars, 83,000 militia, 57,000 irregulars
Navy quality: (2/5) Good
39 ships of the line, 77 other rates, 62 frigates
Player: Harpsichord

The Republic of Liberia
Government: “Republic”
Population: 0.748 m. (2.20% growth)
Economy: £ 0.747 m. (2.20% growth)
Infrastructure: (1/5) Failing
Education: (1/5) Failing
Income: £ 0.02 m.
Expenses: £ 0.02 m.
Treasury: £ 0.00 m.
Public support: 48%
Army quality: (1/5) Failing
0 regulars, 2,000 militia, 0 irregulars
Navy quality: (1/5) Failing
0 ships of the line, 0 other rates, 0 frigate
Player: Rolman

Ottoman Empire
Government: Absolute monarchy
Population: 33.67 m. (0.80% growth)
Economy: £ 506 m. (0.60% growth)
Infrastructure: (1/5) Poor
Education: (2/5) Poor
Income: £ 16 m.
Expenses: £ 15.5 m.
Treasury: £ -5 m.
Public support: 51%
Army quality: (4/5) Poor
85,900 regulars, 41,000 militia, 37,600 irregulars
Navy quality: (2/5) Average
22 ships of the line, 74 other rates, 19 frigates
Player: XVG

Federation of Germany
Government: Federal monarch(y/ies?)
Population: 15 m. (1.30% growth)
Economy: £ 324.5 m. (2.00% growth)
Infrastructure: (3/5) Average
Education: (4/5) Poor
Income: £ 13 m.
Expenses: £ 18 m.
Treasury: £ - 26 m.
Public support: 64%
Army quality: (5/5) Excellent
115,500 regulars, 0 militia, 0 irregulars
Navy quality: (1/5) Poor
0 ships of the line, 11 other rates, 3 frigates
Player: Noco

The Russian Empire
Government: Absolute monarchy
Population: 72.83 m. (1.10% growth)
Economy: £ 445 m. (0.80% growth)
Infrastructure: (2/5) Poor [+1 in 1 turn, +1 in 2 turns]
Education: (4/5) Failing
Income: £ 15 m.
Expenses: £ 18 m.
Treasury: £ - 34 m.
Public support: 52%
Army quality: (4/5) Average
287,400 regulars, 46,000 militia, 33,000 irregulars
Navy quality: (1/5) Average
35 ships of the line, 55 other rates, 47 frigates
Player: Sneakyflaps

The Republic of San Marco
Government: Republic
Population: 2.3 m. (0.30% growth)
Economy: £ 2.87 m. (0.20% growth)
Infrastructure: (1/5) Good
Education: (2/5) Good
Income: £ 0.01 m.
Expenses: £ 0.5 m.
Treasury: £ - 2 m.
Public support: 45%
Army quality: (4/5) Poor
0 regulars, 3,000 militia, 17,000 irregulars
Navy quality: (3/5) Poor
0 ships of the line, 5 other rates, 0 frigate
Player: Arrowfiend

The Kingdom of Sardinia and Piedmonte
Government: Absolute monarchy
Population: 4.395 m. (1.50% growth)
Economy: £ 57.22 m. (2.20% growth)
Infrastructure: (2/5) Average
Education: (4/5) Poor
Income: £ 2 m.
Expenses: £ 6 m.
Treasury: £ 17 m.
Public support: 42%
Army quality: (2/5) Average
46,000 regulars, 13,000 militia, 0 irregulars
Navy quality: (1/5) Average
6 ships of the line, 25 other rates, 9 frigates
Player: Mikkel

The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies [de facto, Kingdom of One Sicily (not even Sicily)]
Government: Absolute monarchy
Population: 6.596 m. (1.10% growth)
Economy: £ 24.75 m. (0.50% growth)
Infrastructure: (2/5) Poor
Education: (4/5) Failing
Income: £ 3 m.
Expenses: £ 6 m.
Treasury: £ 1 m.
Public support: 28%
Army quality: (3/5) Poor
22,000 regulars, 21,000 militia, 26,000 irregulars
Navy quality: (4/5) Poor
7 ships of the line, 29 other rates, 7 frigates
Player: Aedan777

The Republic of Sicily
Government: Republic
Population: 2.2 m. (1.70% growth)
Economy: £ 8.25 m. (0.20% growth)
Infrastructure: (2/5) Poor
Education: (4/5) Failing
Income: £ 3 m.
Expenses: £ 6 m.
Treasury: £ 4 m.
Public support: 44%
Army quality: (1/5) Poor
0 regulars, 20,000 militia, 5,000 irregulars
Navy quality: (4/5) Poor
0 ships of the line, 12 other rates, 0 frigates
Player: Haresus

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Government: Constitutional monarchy
Population: 27.516 m. (- 1.60% growth)
Economy: £ 635 m. (1.10% growth)
Infrastructure: (3/5) Good
Education: (4/5) Good
Income: £ 25 m.
Expenses: £ 26 m.
Treasury: £ - 38 m.
Public support: 69%
Army quality: (4/5) Good
186,950 regulars, 0 militia, 0 irregulars
Navy quality: (4/5) Excellent
57 ships of the line, 88 other rates, 45 frigates
Player: Cheef

The United States of America
Government: Republic
Population: 22.918 m. (2.60% growth)
Economy: £ 6.5 m. (16.00% growth)
Infrastructure: (3/5) Average
Education: (4/5) Average
Income: £ 0.62 m.
Expenses: £ 0.73 m.
Treasury: £ - 21.71 m.
Public support: 99.9%
Army quality: (4/5) Average
115,000 regulars, 0 militia, 0 irregulars
Navy quality: (4/5) Poor
12 ships of the line, 45 other rates, 13 frigates
Player: Shynka

 

[Dadarian]

Haresus is now the Republic of Sicily, otherwise known as Revolutionary Italian Republic #2.

 

[Korona]

A Statement by His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty
Ferdinand I
On the Kingdom of Hungary
​

I am overjoyed at the reaction of the people of Hungary to my decision, and I could not be prouder of my loyal subjects. Their decision to rejoin our Empire has warmed my heart, and I feel blessed to be their King and Sovereign. To be labeled as the Kind is an epithet that makes me feel proud to be the King of Hungary, and, now more than ever, I feel proud to be the holder of the Crown of Saint Stephen. In this dire hour, unity is what shall ensure the continued existence of our Empire and Kingdom, not vitriolic hate and revolution. The Kingdom of Hungary's willingness to rejoin the fold, to rejoin their Austrian brothers, only ensures the fact that my assent to the 12 Demands of the Diet and People was not kowtowing to some liberalistic plot, but a decision made with divine wisdom and careful compromise with a people that has only ever served the Empire. Thus, I hope that the Austrian and Hungarian peoples can work together to ensure the return of peace and prosperity to Hungary, Austria, and all the lands of our Empire.

 

[Haresus]

Proclamation of the Kingdom of Sicily
Appropriately Revolutionary Soundtrack
​

Our patience with Ferdinand II has run out, and independence is the only solution to this lasting problem. Sicily deserves a constitution and Ferdinand II has in the past betrayed our trust when it came to giving us one. While we hope that it does not have to come to that, we are ready to shed our blood and lives for our independence. God has given us this cause that we can not refuse, and we shall fulfill it. We shall be victorious.

​

We have also written a Constitution, in Italian, and wish to present it here:

Fundamental Laws of the Kingdom of Sicily
​

As per Article 38, due to our current lack of a King, the nation must choose a new King of the Sicilians. Should Ferdinand II be wise and benevolent enough to recognise our independence, we are willing to extend an offer to allow one of his younger sons to become King of the Sicilians. If not, we shall look elsewhere. But for now, honest and righteous people, we must be brave and have heart! A hostile army can march upon us at any moment, and we must rally to defeat them.

Patria, Gloria, Amore!
Viva la Sicilia indipendente!

President of the Chamber of Deputies of the Kingdom of Sicily, Ruggero Settimo​

 

[Haresus]

Emergency Meeting of the Chamber of Deputies and Senate of the Kingdom of Sicily
​

For the defence of the Kingdom against Neapolitan aggression, several new Committees have been created to deal with the matters pertaining to security of state and the current emergency situation. These committees will receive executive powers to take immediate action pertaining to their specific areas of responsibility for the defence of the Kingdom if they deem it necessary.

Committee of Public Food Supply: Mariano Stabile
Committee of Finance: Pietro Lanza, Prince of Scordia and Butera
Committee of War: Rosolino Lipo
Committee of Intelligence: Giuseppe La Masa

The Committee of Public Food Supply has started a process of reviewing the food reserves of Palermo, recommended frugality for the daily meals and started collecting and purchasing food to store it for the defenders of Sicily and reduce waste. Stockpiling of food has been forbidden.

The Committee of War will confiscate all firearms, gunpowder and bullets that are not owned by men currently in the National Guard or Sicilian National Army to distribute it to those currently in the National Guard or Sicilian National Army who are lacking in firearms, gunpowder and/or bullets. Furthermore, Giuseppe Garibaldi has been declared Commander of the Sicilian National Army and Salvatore Castiglia has been named Commander of the Sicilian Navy.

The Committee of Finance has asked Sicilians to donate luxury goods, food and money to help fund the defence of the Kingdom of Sicily. They have also ordered all tailors and seamstresses to make uniforms for the army, as well as a few extra versions of the beloved flag of the Kingdom of Sicily.

The Committee of Intelligence has [REDACTED] with [REDACTED] and [REDACTED] the [REDACTED].​

Patria, Gloria, Amore!
Viva la Sicilia indipendente!

President of the Chamber of Deputies of the Kingdom of Sicily, Ruggero Settimo​

 

[Haresus]

Letter to the British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Lord Palmerston.​

Spoiler

To the Right Honourable Lord Palmerston

My Lord,

The people of Sicily still remember when British and Sicilian men held firm against the little tyrant Napoleon. It was thanks to your great nation's help that we could remain free against those overwhelming odds. But we especially remember the actions of your late Lord William Bentinck, who was the very founder of our Constitution of 1812. A Constitution which Ferdinand I decided to abolish as soon as the war ended, a highly unjust action which have had dire consequences for our island, consequences which we have been forced to endure now for over 30 years. But we have not forgotten this injustice, we have not forgotten our Constitution of 1812 and we have not forgotten the British aid which gave us freedom in our hour of need.

Sicily and Great Britain are both island nations, our cultures and histories have been intertwined for hundreds of years and we believe that there should be nothing that stops us from pursuing splendid relations and promote the flow of trade between our nations. But now we are once again in need of aid, as we have regained control of our island and our destiny but another invader sits on the other side of the straits once again. Our Constitution has been reforged, but the armies of Ferdinand II, son of the old tyrant, are marching upon us. His armies first tried to invade Austria, but their embarrassing failure to find the way there will surely have made them bloodthirsty and unpredictable. We Sicilians must keep them at bay or face looting and pillaging from an invading army. But your aid would be very welcome and direly needed. We lack guns, ammunition, ships and more. Your Royal Navy could even stop this war before it is allowed to start. Whatever aid you choose to send or allow us to purchase, the people of Sicily will remember it and be forever grateful.

Sicily means to recover her ancient liberties and we mean to fight bravely no matter the odds, but we also pray that we shall win and restore Sicily to her former glory. With your aid, such an outcome will become infinitely more likely.

Respectfully yours,
Mariano Stabile, Minister of Foreign Affairs.

 

[Korona]

The Austrian Empire
Kaisertum Österreich
​

On behalf of His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty, and on behalf of the Austrian people, I extend a hand of congratulations to Field Marshal Count Radetzky. For his efforts, His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty's Government wishes to commission Johann Strauss to commemorate the Field Marshal's victory in a musical format to ensure the long-lasting remembrance of this victory against those who would mutilate our newly reunited Empire. Field Marshal Count Radetzky's valiant efforts to defeat those who would see Austria wounded and betrayed are highly appreciated, and His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty's Government hopes for further success against the Italian rebels.

On the matter of the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty is most concerned to see Schleswig-Holstein ripped from their Danish overlords, without the express consent of the Sovereign of Denmark. His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty hopes that the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein will reconsider the path that they have set themselves on, and he hopes that a peaceful resolution can be agreed upon that would ensure the return of those lands to the Kingdom of Denmark without further bloodshed.

~ Baron Johann von Wessenberg-Ampringen, Minister for Foreign Affairs

 

[Noco19]

Deustcher Bund
​

In the aftermath of the Frankfurt Parliament, wherein the forces of liberalism sought compact with the more palatable forces of conservatism in the joint interest of a German state, Frederick Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia, found himself in great crisis. It was true that he had promised the realization of a unified Germany and a host of liberal reforms before a crowd of petitioners. Likewise it was true that he and his government had taken to wearing the revolutionary tricolor in public. However, at those times, the King had found himself beleaguered, torn between popular demand, his ambitions, and his hesitance to cast aside notions of divine right and the balance of power within Europe.

Such self-doubt was only then redoubled when the Frankfurt Parliament stole from him his most vocal objection to a German nation - the consent of the German states at large. Maintaining that the rights of Princes came before that of a German state, and that the imposition of a German state would naturally abridge those rights, the Pariser Hof faction, with the aid of the moderates, thus devised a constitution that resembled moreso that of a strengthened confederation than a true nation-state demanded by most. The various realms of Germany would be entitled to maintain their own governments, their own laws, and their own armies, but most importantly, none would face the requirement of joining in the first place. Admission into the German state would be only with the consent of the Princes themselves, thus removing any notion that their sovereignty was seized.

When the Prussian National Assembly convened, a conduit for the King's own ambitions for a unique Prussian constitution, they took it upon themselves to devise a whole-sale copy of the Frankfurt Parliament, which was thenafter reported back to the Royal Court. Like before, faced with the amassed crowds of pan-Germanists, Frederick Wilhelm IV was taken aback, rendered mute for some short while before accepting the constitution to the fanfare of court liberals.

Thus was born the Deutscher Bund, a controversial state hardly tolerated by its own head of state. Consisting of only the Prussian Kingdom, the matter of its government proved a precise carry-over of normal affairs for the time being, exemplified by Frederick Wilhelm's silent refusal to take the title of Kaiser so beloved by the Frankfurt Parliament in official terms. Now, with the purported 'inseparable' duchies of Holstein and Schleswig, having accepted the Frankfurt Constitution and petitioning for admission into the emergent Deutscher Bund, the King and his government are plunged even further into the hot waters of controversy, pressured by forces domestic and international on the matter of admission, expansion, and existence altogether.

 

[Korona]

((Private - San Marco/Arrowfiend))

From the desk of Count Joseph Radetzky von Radetz
FIELD MARSHAL
in the Imperial and Royal Army of the Austrian Empire
​

Milan, The Kingdom of Lombardy and Venice
​

To Daniele Manin,

Sir, I write to you with an urgent demand, one that, for the sake of you and your people, I do hope you submit to. Whilst your ill-fated rebellion against His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty has had a noble and honorable intent, I urge you to throw down your arms, and surrender to your fate. Whilst you may be content in your naval support from Ferdinand II, the Imperial and Royal Army is fully prepared for a land invasion, and is merely awaiting my command to invade Venice. As a man who has spent many years within the Kingdom of Lombardy and Venice, I have grown to admire and love the waterways of Venice, the grand architecture, and the storied history of that great city. I would despise myself to see any of that history tainted by further bloodshed, so I implore you to throw down your arms, surrender, and I swear upon Saint Maurice and Saint Wenceslaus that I will spare the city and all it's inhabitants from the wrath of the Imperial and Royal Army thus far. I understand that this demand may be a hard to to swallow, but you must, for the sake of the Venetian people and the city in which they reside.

With Respect,
Count Joseph Radetzky von Radetz, Field Marshal in the Imperial and Royal Army of the Austrian Empire​

 

[Korona]

The Rise of Pillersdorf
​

The reformations made by Franz von Pillersdorf were monumental, and seen as a great step forward for the Austrian Empire. Long plagued by reactionary sentiment, propagated by Klemens von Metternich and his cadre of conservatives, Austria was facing radicalism, internal division, and a possible collapse. With the absence of Metternich, the reactionaries within the Austrian court found a new leader in Alexander von Bach, a hardline absolutist lawyer from Lower Austria. Von Bach proved to be an extremely skilled politician, manipulating his way to a high office within the court. Although not as much of a reactionary hardliner as Metternich, von Bach still viewed liberals as brigands who wish to erode central authority within Austria. However, von Bach's reactionary scheming came to a halt with the ascension of Franz von Pillersdorf, an Austrian lawyer who rose the ranks within the State Council of Austria, thanks to his exemplary performance as the assistant to the Foreign Minister during the Napoleonic Wars. As Minister of Finance, he ensured the creation of a surplus within the Austrian treasury, through the introduction of specie to the Austrian economy. It was here that Pillersdorf's liberalism began to shine, as he advocated for financial compromise in which the people of Austria would participate in financial management, an idea tied to the prospect of a constitution. Removed from the Ministry of Finance by Metternich, Pillersdorf was given a spot as a privy councillor, where he undermined the reactionary sentiment of Metternich and established the foundation for public welfare in Austria. Then, the Revolutions of 1848 broke out.

Appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs by Franz Anton von Kolowrat-Liebsteinsky, Pillersdorf ensured that Austria would have a new, liberal voice, something best exemplified by his addresses with the Hungarian revolutionaries, using his political prowess to come to a reasonable compromise with the Hungarian Diet that ensured the return of Hungary to the Austrian Empire, and the pacification of the Kingdom without a single shot being fired. It seems luck was on Pillersdorf's side when the Minister-President of Austria, Franz Anton von Kolowrat-Liebsteinsky, grew ill and resigned from his post as head of government. It was at this point where Austria came to a crossroads, with von Bach championing the abdication of Ferdinand, with his nephew Franz Joseph replacing him, and the establishment of a neo-absolutist regime. On the other side was Pillersdorf, who advocated the continued reign of Ferdinand and the implementation of a packet of reforms. Eventually, Pillersdorf's charismatic nature and skill at manipulating others won the day, and he was appointed Minister-President. He soon pushed a packet of reforms through the State Council, implementing free speech, freedom of association, a free and fair jury within Austrian lands. Pillersdorf also promised the introduction of a constitution, a task that proved to be easier said than done. Pillersdorf, although the head of government, lead a shaky coalition of liberals and center-right conservatives. The road that which Austria was set upon was shaky, and it was his job to stabilize it and bring peace to the divided Empire that he found himself governing.

 

[Noco19]

​

Deustcher Bund
​

"It is with great concern that I looked upon the crisis within the lands of Schleswig and Holstein, seeing its people rise forth in opposition to the Danish Crown and what they may consider an infringement on their participation into the talks which spanned the whole of the German realms. And when it was that Graf von Wrangel was dispatched into the field, he did so with the pursuit of stability, and when it was assessed the lay of the land in the region, he was bid to return, not to infringe upon the Danish Crown and its prerogatives.

But von Wrangel did not return, and so it was that he fought on his own volition, not on the direction of my word. To the Powers that Be, I reaffirm my desire for harmony across Europe, and I stand ready to host talks with Denmark and pertinent powers, to restore order and to chart a course of respect for the Danish Crown, for future stability, and for the good of our subjects.

To the petitioners of Schleswig and Holstein, who have called upon our government, we ask that you stand down and await further news, choosing peace over armed defiance. The acceptance of your admission into our state demands all due consideration, of all sides and all rights involved. Discussions will be had and all developments will be marked with pen, not with the fires of rebellion, arbitrated by correspondences. Let this year be one of quiet and calm, let not us allow ourselves to be pulled into chaos.

- Frederick Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia, Head of the Deutscher Bund

 

[XVG]

دولت عليه عثمانیه ‎
Devlet-i ʿAlīye-i ʿOsmānīye
Mecidiye Marşı​

On the Danubian Principalities

Firstly the Porte wishes to congratulate and thank our Russian counterparts for their timely intervention in preventing pan-European anarchy from spreading to the Sultan’s suzerainties of Wallachia and Moldavia. We lament the unnecessary loss of life due to failure at communication and co-ordination of the matter, and make sure that no such event may pose a risk to our joint interests of status quo in the region. As such, in order to de-escalate the current situation, we offer to once again affirm our trust and obedience in the Organic Regulation on the status of the principalities, reconfirming the statutory system of Ottoman suzerainty and Russian protectorate over the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia. As such Keçecizade Mehmed Fuad Pasha will travel to Bucharest and St. Petersburg to further discuss the matters of the principalities, the upholding of peace in the region and possibly changes to the bipartite conventions in order to prevent a new wave of agitation aimed against either Russian or Ottoman Empire from within the principalities. It is in the opinion of the Porte that the current practice of choosing Hospodars for the principalities could be revised.

Mustafa Reşid Pasha
Grand Vizier​

 

[Dadarian]

The Republic of Peru
Government: Republic
Population: 2 m. (2.40% growth)
Economy: £ 2.89 m. (3.00% growth)
Infrastructure: (3/5) Poor
Education: (2/5) Poor
Income: £ 1 m.
Expenses: £ 0.9 m.
Treasury: £ - 1.0 m.
Public support: 61%
Army quality: (4/5) Poor
9,000 regulars, 3,000 militia, 3,000 irregulars
Navy quality: (1/5) Poor
1 ships of the line, 5 other rates, 2 frigate
Player: Mantox

 

[Dadarian]

Orders due Saturday, 14/01/17.

 

[Korona]

The Austrian Empire
Kaisertum Österreich
​

On the matter of the Federation of Germany, His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty is most concerned with the events that have occurred within the German Confederation, and the Kingdom of Prussia. While His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty understands the desire for Germanic unity, he also finds the brash action of forming a German state by the King of Prussia to be out of line and offensive to the Germanic heritage of the Austrian Empire. His Imperial and Apostolic Majesty would like to remind the King of Prussia that the German Confederation is the avenue which the Kingdom of Prussia must take if wishing to fuel pan-Germanic sentiment, for any other avenue would be expressly disregarding the Germanic nature and heritage of the Austrian Empire, as well as disregarding the role that this Empire plays within the lands of Germany. Thus, His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty's Government will be engaging in talks with the Federation of Germany in order to diffuse the situation, and to achieve an outcome that benefits all those who would strive for peace and prosperity in Central Europe.

~ Baron Johann von Wessenberg-Ampringen, Minister for Foreign Affairs for the Austrian Empire

 

[Arrowfiend]

((Private - Austria/Korona))

​

To Count Joseph Radetzky von Radetz

Although it pains me to consider this, I do not wish for the Venetian people to suffer under an extended siege. I do not doubt the courage or resolve of the Venetian people, but I do not want this great city to be tarnished from a pointless conflict. Thus, I have been moved to surrender, provided you grant amnesty to all but General Giuseppe Mazzini and myself. I shall approach the Assembly of Venice immediately, requesting their approval. Should they accept, I shall order all Venetian forces to immediately stand down. I can only hope that you will honor your end of the bargain.​

Respectfully,
Daniele Manin, President of San Marco​

 

[XxMantoxX]

The Republic of Perú
​

The government of Peru has recently found a new source of revenue in the exploitation of the Guano islands on the coast , islands considered part of the territory of the nation because of their closeness to the coast, the guano a resource that has just been re-discovered a decade ago by the scientist and explorer Alexander von Humboldt, the guano as many now know is a highly efficient fertilizer that has been employed in the fields of Great Britain and other nations across Europe, while still small the influx of capital is expected to grow a lot in the following years and so the revenue of the government, that nationalized the islands a few years ago under order of president Ramon Castilla who's presidency seems likely not to be interrupted since last year dissidents were captured and exiled. It has been under the presidency of Ramon Castilla that Peru has finally stabilized both politically and economically, although his policies lean more towards the improvement and enlargement of the armed forces, as the purchase of several ships in recent years have served as proof of it, but some say that he also has plans for the economy, education and diplomacy. Backed by the military few think that the will be thrown out of power like many of the warlords in past have been.

Is in the economic matter that Ramon Castilla seems to put his focus as he wants the Peruvian entrepreneurs to get into the business of Guano and many others with the intervention of the government as a catalyst for investment and credits in the nation, how will Ramon Castilla achieve this is yet to be seen.

 

[Sneakyflaps]

On the German Issue​

As one plague within Europe rests, another rises. There can be no doubt that the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein must remain with the Kingdom of Denmark, they can be neither split or torn apart, or taken from the King of Denmark in such a crude manner. We are most joyful that the King of Prussia has already opened up to the discussion of the state of the Duchies and we strongly urge the Prussian government to return the duchies at the fastest possible rate as to not stir the concert of Europe unnecessarily.

Similarly we cannot but urge the King of Prussia to immediately forsake this Federal Germany which so now circulates the mouth of all diplomats of Europe. The so called federation has no legitimacy in our eyes and as such we shall not acknowledge, we shall do our business as always with the Kingdom of Prussia and urge it once more to forsake this most dangerous venture.

On the revolutions in Wallachia and Moldavia​

We likewise wish to thank our Ottoman counterparts for their swift actions against the must unlawful uprising, of dangerous anarchists and ungodly people within the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia. We look forward to the arrival of Keçecizade Mehmed Fuad Pasha, so that we may discuss the recent events now that the regions have been secured.