Kurt_Steiner: Not without me playing as Aragon. Actually, probably not even with me playing as Aragon, I'm not that good at this game even after over five years...
Maximilliano: The rest of Europe will only be described intermittently, but I'll try to fit it in there when I can.
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[NOTE: Until recently, this AAR referred to this king by his given Welsh name, and the one he used, Maelgwn. As his English name, Malcolm, fits better with the rulers around him, however, it has been changed.]
Malcolm (Maelgwn)
"Maelcoluim IV" of Scotland
Born: 13 July 1396, Reading
Married: [1] Blodwen ap Cynddelw (on 6 August 1412)
[2] Catherine de Blois (on 2 June 1420)
Died: 31 August 1422, Vincennes, France
Titles:
King of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland
Prince of Wales
Lord of the Scottish and Greek Isles
Duke of Holland, Bretagne, Normandy, Poitou, and Iceland
Count of Guines and Navarra
Regent of France and Heir to the French Throne (from 1420)
Of [Dieneces the Spartan] there is a saying recorded, one that he uttered before the battle was joined: whe he heard a Malian saying that, when the barbarians shot their arrows, the very sun was darkened by their multitude, so great was the number of them, Dieneces was not a whit abashed, but in his contempt for the numbers of the Medes said, "Why, my Trachinian friend brings us good news. For if the Medes hide the sun, we shall fight them in the shade."
--Herodotus, History, 7.226
Malcolm wished to attack France immediately, but a short and abortive rebellion by the Earl of Bedford--who was replaced with his brother Iorweth--forced him to wait until the beginning of the year. Malcolm's French strategy revolved around several points: First, England would attack with over 40,000 men immediately (30,000 in Normandy and over 10,000 in Poitou), with another 20,000 in England preparing to cross the channel and add a second wave of fresh soldiers. John d'Audley, the Duke of Moray, would lead the Scottish contingent of at least 25,000 more, while Henry de Windsor, Duke of Connacht, led 30,000 Irish. To further add to Malcolm's numbers, he signed an alliance with the Count of Geldre, gaining another 12,000 men.
Serlo had died a few years before and his heir was Asclettin, by no means anywhere near the ability of his father. Asclettin was given to bouts of insanity; once, at a ball, he danced covered in pitch, and nearly caught fire and burned to death as a result. In any case, he was hardly fit to lead an army, and without anyone else of note they had only their numbers to rely upon--around 60,000 men--and even that only until the rest of the English armies came. They would have to overcome the English immediately.
Asclettin the Mad (or Beloved), from a contemporary manuscript.
Malcolm began marching forward just after the new year. He himself led around 15,000 into Picardy, in order to link up the English possessions of Normandy and Guines; another 15,000 under the new Duke of Bedford moved towards the French capital of Blois, where they were aided by the one turncoat in the French ranks: Malcolm's distant relatives, the de Cornouaille Dukes of Orleans. The Duke of Gloucester's 15,000 in Poitou moved first to Limousin, but then north towards the Loire to intercept a French column attempting to reinforce the northern armies. The Count of Geldre moved into Zeeland to protect Holland.
The results were mixed. Gloucester easily swept aside the column he was intercepting and Bedford soon had Blois under siege, after defeating an army 20,000 strong. However, Maelgwn was surprised by 10,000 French, and simply broke through to Calais to reconsider his strategy. That same 10,000 then moved into Zeeland and swept aside the Count of Geldre, threating Holland.
Maelgwn's strategic situation was still fairly good. With the help of Geldre, he attacked Flandern, forcing the French in Holland to pull back only to be surrounded by the Dutch and eliminated. Unfortunately, in March an even larger French army from the south, commanded by Constable Richard de Valois, struck while the Dutch were away and nearly overwhelmed Malcolm's smaller army. He again pulled back to Calais and collected several thousand reinforcements from England.
He pushed forward again in July. Bedford had recently captured Blois and was moving on to Maine, distracting some of the French attention. Malcolm pushed the French out of Flanders and then began maneuvering to cut them off. With only 10,000 effective men by late July (with the other 15,000 from England not expected to arrive until August), this seemed like a foolish idea--but Malcolm had a place in mind to tear the French army to pieces.
He managed to move the French into this place on 28 July 1419 (the feast of Samson of York, as celebrated in Shakespeare's account). It was a depression in the ground between the villages of Agincourt (or Azincourt) and Tramecourt, with very dense woods on the flanks. The effective strengths of both sides are not certain, but the general consensus is around 8,000 for the English and 25,000 for the French, an approximately 3-1 advantage for the latter.* Malcolm set his army up between the forests, with a line of sharpened stakes in front of his archers.
The French formed three lines of battle, intending to punch through with the first line and destroy them with the second, the third being merely in reserve because there was nowhere to put them. As the first line advanced, the second paused for a bit before coming in behind it. Then, the arrows began to fly: all of Malcolm's longbowmen began sending their deadly ammunition across the field, often using ballistics to cause two arrows to strike at once (shooting one on a high, slow arc to get around the horses' head armor and a second on a fast, shallow arc to punch through any weak spot in the French armor).
The second line panicked and thought that those in front of them needed help, adding to another quirk of the battlefield: the open space began to narrow as it neared the English position, forcing the French to bunch up. The mass was an unmissable target, and as they struck the English line they soon found that they were unable to use their weapons effectively. Even the lightly armed longbowmen had an advantage over the packed mass, and the French began to surrender
en masse. A few thousand of the second wave made their way out while the third line never even budged except to leave the battlefield at the end.
The Battle of Agincourt. Each line is c. 1,000 men.
That would have been the end, except that a thousand French peasants had shown up and began to loot the English baggage train while they were distracted. Malcolm, thinking this a French sneak attack, ordered the execution of his prisoners before they could fall into enemy hands. Obviously, this was not a popular move, but it was carried out. Rather than 6,000 captured, the death toll was now 7,000 dead. Malcolm had lost only a few hundred (certainly less than a thousand), and would soon have 15,000 more at his side.
The French war now turned upside-down. Malcolm pushed towards Paris and had it under siege by mid-August. He began negotiating with Jean, Duke of Burgundy, a negotiation that began to create good fruits. However, the "Dauphin" (heir to the French throne), Etienne II, also invited him to a negotiation at Montereu. It was a trap: The duke and his bodyguard were set upon and killed, and the duke's heir, Phillip III, got the message. England would have no help from that end. Worse, France began negotiating with the kings of Castilla and Aragon to lend their aid once they could get peace with the Moors.
Still, things continued well. Malcolm captured Paris on 17 February 1420, and managed to convince Asclettin to sign a humiliating agreement that made Malcolm his heir (stating that Etienne was illegitimate, a charge that very well may have been true considering the reputation of Asclettin's wife). While France was technically out of the war, Etienne continued fighting from his power base in the southern part of the country. Malcolm also married Asclettin's daughter Catherine, to replace his first wife, who had recently died and had not given him a son.
The wedding of Maelgwn and Catherine de Blois.
This was when things began to turn. Malcolm's expedition into Nivernais was met by Etienne's army, with the Spanish now beginning to show in force. Scottish and Irish reinforcements were not enough to turn the tide, and Malcolm began to pull back. Fighting soon focused on the region around Blois. The battle went back and forth well into 1421, and in a series of battles the French finally managed to regain the city. Malcolm managed to get another large force (now near the limits of his money and manpower) and begin besieging the city again, but when another expedition into Nivernais failed in July 1422, both Maelgwn and Etienne agreed that there needed to be a rest. The English gained Picardy and the region around Paris, along with a restatement of the earlier agreement, given the official title of the Treaty of Troyes.
Malcolm would not be able to enjoy the fruits of his apparent victory. Having contracted dysentery in the fighting, he took ill and, on 31 August 1422, died. He had only his young son (less than a year old) Ioan II to survive him as king. Had Malcolm survived, he could have accepted at least an offical inheritance two months later with Asclettin's death.
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*Other estimates range from making the French advantage only 2-1 (10,000 to 20,000) to an astounding and almost certainly false 6-1 (6,000 to 36,000).