After the reconquest of Jerusalem by the Empire, its influence over the Orthodox world grew immensely, suddenly the Grand Prince of Moscow, Vasili III was requesting audiences with the Emperor every Christmas to celebrate the miraculous recovery of the Empire over the past century, the Bishop of Peace in Ethiopia was entertaining the possibility of a compromise regarding the so called heretical beliefs of the Ethiopian Church, Nubia was promising military should another war with the Mameluk’s break out, Moldavia was even pushing for Roman support in forcing Hungary to free Wallachia. Finally, the Orthodox Christian community was beginning to see the Empire as the leader of the True Faith once more, after Andreas I had shaken it to its core.
Even though old wounds had began to heal, the Empire found itself constantly caught in the politics of the smaller nations around it. Imereti was constantly threatened by its larger neighbor, Crimea, who had attempted to annex the small kingdom on several occasions. Finally, after the failed invasion of 1512, Imereti was in poor shape, and Crimea was already preparing for another assault. Imereti King Bagrat III sent a plea for aid to the Emperor, asking for support against the Mongols. Though Emperor Andreas II Palaiologos wanted to avoid a war with the Mongols to the north, he did guarantee their independence should Crimea attack.
The Mongols seemed to back down for a while, fearing their much larger and more powerful neighbor, much to Imereti’s relief. For a time, the Empire seemed as if it would be able to once again settle in for a period of peace and economic prosperity. With its strongest Neighbor Persia so friendly towards it, the Empire had no real external threats for the moment. Though the growing lands directly controlled by the Habsburg dynasty were becoming a concern, over all, the Empire was stronger than it ever had been in the past 800 years. Constantinople flourished with over 200,000 people calling the great city their home.
Though Andreas II was considered one of the more peace minded Emperors to rule over the revitalized Empire, his reign would be cut short when he suffered a violent heart attack on November 12th, 1516. Though only 32 years old, he lived an extravagant lifestyle, and was quite portly by the time of his death. His brother, Ioannes IX succeeded him, his coronation ceremony being held on December 2nd. In stark contrast of his overweight and fairly lazy brother, Ioannes was highly athletic, energetic and very conservative when it came to spending the Imperial Treasury on luxuries.
He was also an aggressive expansionist. The Empire had been keeping a close eye on Egypt after its defeat in the 3rd Mameluk war, observing the Sultan closely to insure no other hostile actions were being planned against the Empire. When al-Ashraf Tumanbay, the last Sultan of the Mameluk’s died on January 30th 1517, the former Sultanate was thrown into chaos, noble families warring over the vaunted turban, turning the once great oriental power into a land of petty clans. Ioannes saw this as a perfect opportunity to finish off the dieing Mameluk dynasty once and for all, he wasted no time ordering his greatest general, Hussen Adu Ibrahim, to draw up plans for an invasion. He was eager to bring Egypt back into the Imperial fold as soon as possible.
Ibrahim believed that a simultaneous attack from both land and sea would be the quickest way to defeat the crumbling Mameluk Sultanate. Egypt was the key, he stressed, and their Arabian territories were nonessential to force them into unconditional surrender. His plan was simple yet effective: They would land an army of 25,000 in the lightly defended province of Quattara, while 15,000 men would march on Egypt from Sinai. While 40,000 men might seem like a small army to conquer Egypt with, Ibrahim knew that the nobility of Egypt were so embroiled in their own petty wars and feuds, that they would never be able to properly unite, making the conquest of Egypt a relatively simple task in comparison to their previous wars.
The Mameluks could raise a force no larger than 31,000 at the most in their present state, and it was estimated that the war would be over in only a few months. War was declared on the fractured Mameluk Sultanate on March 10th, 1517, a desire to save Egypt from being devastated by civil war being used as the reason for the declaration. Ibrahim wasted no time launching his invasion, 25,000 soldiers directly under his command landing in Quattara, while 15,000 men under Eufasius marched directly on Al Qahirah from Sinai. The initial confrontations were resounding success, the small army in Quattara was easily crushed by Ibrahim, while Eufasius attacked Al Qahirah and with the aid of his superior arms breached its walls.
Following Ibrahim’s strategy, Eufasius marched on Delta after securing Al Qahirah, defeating a small army of less than 1,000 men upon arriving. Ibrahim, following his conquest of Quattara marched directly on the great city of Alexandria, once the breadbasket of the Empire. The Mameluks, unable to organize their leadership, sent the bulk of their forces into eastern Egypt to try and reclaim Al Qahirah even as Eufasius conquered the Delta. While this was happening, Ibrahim and his army of 22,000, including Veterans from the last war, launched an assault on the great city of Alexandria itself. Though in the past, the city had been guarded by strong walls and well armed garrisons, this was no longer the case. Ibrahim easily breeched the walls of Alexandria, and not long after paraded triumphantly through its streets in victory, the Coptic population cheered for their hero as he rode down the streets, followed by his loyal veterans.
With Al Qahirah, Dumyat, Alexandria and the provinces that surrounded them in Roman hands, the noble families of Egypt finally agreed to negotiate a surrender. Ibrahim had left the Mameluk’s Arabian territory unharmed for a reason, and when the various heads of the noble families of Egypt converged in Alexandria to talk of peace, Ibrahim promised them and their families safe passage into Arabia, as long as they surrendered all of Egypt to the Empire. After much deliberation, the families unanimously agreed to abandon Egypt in exchange for their lives, ordering all existing Mameluk armies to disband, while their families were granted safe passage into Arabia. Once there, they chose the holy city of Mekkah as the new Capital of the Hedjaz Sultanate, electing Barakat II as their new Sultan.
Though some resistance did remain, it did not last long against Imperial Might, and in only a few months, all of Egypt had submitted to the victorious Emperor. It was done, the Empire was restored to the condition it was in before the emergence of Islam, something no Emperor could have even dreamed of reaching a century ago. However, the Emperor could not settle in for peace just yet. In the north, Crimea had launched an invasion of the independent nation of Imereti, overwhelming it and annexing it while the Empire was still tied down in Egypt. Muhammad I of Crimea had grown bold in thinking that the Empire would not respond to the annexation of one its most friendly Orthodox neighbors, a boldness that Ioannes would need to check quickly before it grew out of hand.
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Emperor Ioannes IX Polaiologos slowly walked down the steps of the Imperial Palace to greet his guest, the King of Imereti Bagrat III. He looked somewhat worse for ware, for a King, at least, but he still carried himself with noble pride. Kneeling before the Emperor, he spoke in a raspy voice, “Greetings mighty Emperor of the Romans, I come to you in disgrace, for I have lost my Kingdom to the rampaging hordes of the Mongols of Crimea. They invaded my realm with a barbaric savagery, without any justification at all.” The Kings fists clenched slightly, be he remained calm, “We had repelled their attacks many times in the past, but our armies were greatly devastated by our the constant wars for survival. We simply did not have the strength to raise a sufficient defense this time…” The King was obviously desperate for aid, one could tell by looking into his eyes that this was a prideful man, not use to requesting help from others.
The King swallowed his pride before finishing, “O Great Emperor…please, please free my Kingdom from these infidels, please restore proper Christian order to its halls, and return me to my throne so that I may rule my subjects as I was meant to.” The King remained kneeling before Ioannes who remained expressionless as the King spoke. “And what would the Roman Empire gain from helping you, O former King of Imereti.” Ioannes questioned the humble King, “Crimea rules the former Greek colonies of Kaffa and Kerch…perhaps now is the proper time to restore Imperial rule to these lands…?” The King asked, arching an eyebrow at the Emperor.
Ioannes looked at the man knelt before him for almost a solid minute before finally responding, “Very well, I shall grant you an army of 25,000 men to retake your Kingdom, after this is accomplished, you are to turn control of the army over to my Megas Domestikos Ibrahim, who will then proceed to defeat Crimea. Is that understood?” Ioannes questioned the smiling man before him, “Yes, yes of course Oh magnificent Emperor, thank you, I, and all of Imereti are in your debt.” With that, the King stood, bowing before the Emperor once more, before turning to leave. Though they only recently emerged from a war with Egypt, the war proved to be a simple one, as would the one that awaited them would surely be.
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Ibrahim was quickly called from Egypt which was put under the jurisdiction of Eufasius until a more permanent administrator could be found. Arriving in southern Armenia with an army 25,000 men on October 18th, 1518. Ibrahim served as an advisor to King Bagrat on the reconquest of Imereti. It did not take long, as the bulk of the Crimean Army was concentrated in the North against Asthakhan raiders. With one quick assault, the Kingdom of Imereti had been retaken within only a few days. This attack surprised the Mongols, who thought the Empire simply did not care for its neighbor and would allow them to have the region.
Once his Kingdom was secured, King Bagrat remained behind to help stabilize the situation enough so that he could properly free his people once the war had been won. Ibrahim meanwhile took charge of the army and marched onwards towards the province of Sochi. The region was still undefended when he arrived, but he soon found himself under assault from a Crimean army of 13,000 men. Why the Mongols chose to attack with such an inferior force, even when they must have known the Romans had a vast technological edge on them still baffles historians to this day, however, the attack proved to be a complete failure for the Mongols, who were encircled and captured by Ibrahim, and sent back to Constantinople as prisoners. Sochi was soon occupied by Ibrahim, who chose to march on Azov next. Supplies were hard to come by however, and Ibrahim soon found his 25,000 men shrunk down to 15,000. He sent a call for reinforcements from home, and continued on his way.
12,000 men were quickly assembled in Trabzod, and sent towards Kamluk while Ibrahim secured Azov. Ibrahim had been mindful of his limited forces in this war and avoided facing the bulk of the Crimean army stationed in Kouban. King Bagrat took command of the 12,000 men on the request of Ibrahim, and circled around the main enemy force to strike at Kamluk. Ibrahim had since secured Azov and moved onward to Crimea itself, planning to move down into Kaffa and meet with Bagrat’s army in Kerch. The taking of Crimea, as with the other regions, was swift, the poorly equipped garrisons of the cities being unable to hold out against the Imperial Army for very long. As Ibrahim had hoped, the capture of Crimea jarred the commanders in Kouban from their chairs and they marched quickly to retake the capital.
Bagrat waited for them to enter Azov, and then moved to capture Kouban, while Ibrahim moved into Kaffa. Meanwhile, in the Black Sea, the Imperial Navy was fighting against the small navy of Crimea. Many Crimean ships had already been sunk thus far, the Empire only losing one according to most sources, due to friendly fire. With the Crimean fleet in tatters, and the Empire on the verge of victory, diplomats were being sent to the Muhammad to negotiate peace settlements. Ibrahim quickly captured the province of Kaffa, while Bagrat captured Kouban and then quickly began his march on Kerch. By then it was late November of 1519, the war had been going on for over a year and Ioannes pressured Ibrahim to resolve the conflict quickly.
The bulk of the Crimean Army was now besieging the Capital, but were forced to attempt to starve them out, lacking the weaponry to directly assault the Imperial-friendly garrison. Taking advantage of his foes lack of speed, Ibrahim and Bagrat met in Kerch for a simultaneous assault on former Greek colony. All that remained was to capture Muhammad. He was protected by nearly 35,000 men, however, and it would not be an easy battle. Ibrahim and Bagrat combined their armies, reaching 18,000 men between them, while reinforcements were sent from Constantinople, giving them roughly 28,000. The two armies met on March 5th, 1520. Though the fighting was fierce on both sides, in the end, Ibrahim managed to isolate and surround Muhammad and his bodyguards, capturing the Khan of Crimea, and securing victory for the Empire.
Muhammad was brought to Constantinople, where he was forced to formally sign a peace agreement with the Emperor. The peace gave the Empire the territories of Kaffa and Kerch, as well as Imereti until it could be stabilized enough to be granted proper independence, and also made Crimea a vassal of Constantinople, ensuring that all hostilities between they and Imereti would cease. Another victory for the Empire, and another enemy crushed.
Roman Empire after the release of Imereti
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Ah, feels so good to have cradle of civilization back in my control. I'll try and get another update out before too long guys. Hope you enjoyed.
