202-203: A Second Province
202-203: A SECOND PROVINCE

Yao Shuren had done it. He had come to the rescue of the Han Dynasty, ensuring that the Imperial Capital would not be threatened by rebel generals and ensured that Emperor Mu would have a long and happy reign. Or whatever excuse this war was about. In reality, everyone knew that this was a conquest by a warlord seeking to expand. Jiang Xian only saw an imminent threat being replaced by a patient but dangerous one. Neighbors started to look at him as a rising power, and even Gongsun Zan made sure to keep tabs on his actions. But Yao Shuren’s focus was now inward, as he needed to work on ruling this central province of China. He went from controlling a disparate border province to having lordship over the heart of the Han Dynasty. He even had the western capital of Chang’an, a symbol that gave him a lot of power and prestige. There was a lot to do if he wanted to exploit it to his advantage.

The first step was obvious: he needed to pacify the local officials. Only a week ago they had been fighting for Jiao Jiao against him, yet now he was supposed to rule them. Having them all slaughtered might fix the problem, but it would require far too much resources to achieve this efficiently. And besides, if only one of them got out alive, this would mean a revolt. So instead, he decided to insert them in his council, removing a lot of his Liang officials to make place for the Sili newcomers. At the top of the list was the new Assistant Administrator Wang Hong, the same Wang Hong who once served as Grand Commandant under Niu Fu and who led the Wang Clan against the Chancellor. This return of the Wang Clan to prominence was an attempt to coerce them to his side. Yao Shuren also hoped that it might convince Wang supporters still in Luoyang that he was their best bet to remove Jiang Xian. Joining in as Mo Jie’s replacement as Chief Clerk was Ren Duo. Ren Duo had the important position of Intendant of Henan, the region around the Imperial Capital, which once again played in Yao Shuren’s ambitions to eventually take the city.
Still, Yao Shuren couldn’t trust these newcomers completely. To ensure that things stayed under control when he returned home, he decided to appoint Xu Shu to Henei Commandery, which was in the east of Sili Province. Having been so instrumental in the conquest of the province, the strategist would surely prove a loyal ally in the region. But just to be safe, Xu Shu was also appointed as the new Chief Censor. With all these changes, only two officials from Liang remained part of Yao Shuren’s council. The first was the Commandant Puyang Fengxiao, although he would be dead by the end of the year from rabies. The other was the corrupt scholar Duan Zuo. Even with such a big province at his disposal, the Governor had difficulties finding competent and righteous scholars to come serve his cause, leaving him with Duan Zuo as his only option. Seeing how he kept his job while Mo Jie didn’t, the scholar celebrated all the more.

While making his way back to Liang, he entertained the idea of moving his seat of power to Chang’an. Residing within the western capital would certainly give him a lot more legitimacy and prestige. However, in this he was faced with unexpected opposition, a backlash that was spearheaded by none other than Mo Jie. He might have been too shy to complain about his firing, but he was worried enough about this to speak up. Like many former rebels who had rallied to Yao Shuren, their priority was Liang Province first and foremost. They had fought against the centralized authority of the Imperial Capital for years. So to see their new lord suggest that he move closer to the center of China, and the western imperial capital no less, was worrying. They feared that his priorities might no longer be in Liang Province (which was accurate). To this was added old magnates who had been around since the days of Dong Zhuo and the Liang Rebellion. They had been the backbone behind Dong Zhuo and Guo Si, and now they feared a loss of influence if Yao Shuren moved away. Taken aback, especially by what he mistook from Mo Jie as aggressiveness, the Governor backed off, choosing to continue ruling his domain from Liang. For now.

But Yao Shuren had barely made his way back to Liang that already a revolt sparked in Sili Province. Most officials and administrators were willing to accept their new liege, especially as he welcomed them within his administration. They understood that things had changed, that if they wanted to keep their posts (and their lives), then they needed to adapt to the new regime. They had their shot under Jiao Jiao at becoming the power in the region, and now it was gone. But two officials refused to accept their new tyrant. The leader and oldest of the two was Chang Xia, the guardian of the western imperial capital. Chang Xia had previously served as Niu Fu’s assistant in ruling the Han Dynasty, and he wasn’t going to let the late Chancellor’s dream die like this. He had also fought Yao Shuren during his invasion of Sili Province, achieving the most success against the invading army. Still carrying the dream of avenging his former liege and marching on Luoyang to remove Jiang Xian, he was ready to fight it out. By his side was Administrator Wang Chen, who had been Excellency of Work during Niu Fu’s Chancellorship. Wang Chen was one of the most prominent members of the Wang Clan during its height in power. While Wang Chen was not known to be the most courageous member of the Clan, he clearly feared for his future under Yao Shuren, which is why he joined force with Chang Xian. A former follower of Niu Fu allying with a man who had been his enemy a few years before. The two made for some strange bedfellows.


This revolt, while small, had an advantageous geographic positioning. The territories held by the rebels cut off Sili Province in two, with most of the new appointees to Yao Shuren’s council stuck in the east while Yao Shuren was moving his army back west, unaware of the revolt so far. Chang Xia, who realized how the situation could be turned to his advantage, quickly sent men to track down all the messengers and kill them. This way, he could make sure that the Governor remained unaware of what was happening in his newly conquered province. Merchants and traders were not allowed passage through the rebel lands either, out of fear that they might go spoil everything to Yao Shuren once they reached the other side. While Xu Shu did his best to keep everything under control in the eastern half of the province, there was little they could do to defend themselves if Yao Shuren didn’t notice what was happening.

But Yao Shuren would be alerted to this revolt, and from an unexpected source at that. Xu Chu (not to be confused with Xu Shu) had last been heard off when he deserted his post on the eastern Han frontier following the death of Chancellor Duan Wei in 196. Wrongly believing that he would be imprisoned and executed for his service under Duan Wei, Xu Chu abandoned his duties to the Han, becoming a fearsome bandit leader in the ensuing years. While a powerful brute who rallied some men to his side, he never had the wits or charisma to build an actual army like Zhuge Liang would later do in Yi Province. The collapse of the Han territories had been a boon for him, with some deserters joining him in his raids. He had started to get on Jiao Jiao’s radar, only for Yao Shuren invasion to stop him from doing anything about it. But after all these years, Xu Chu had grown dissatisfied with his place in the world, dreaming of once again leader great armies in battles.
When he became aware of the civil war by looting the corpse of one of the messengers trying to reach Liang, he finally saw an opportunity. Taking the missive with him, he marched his men at high speed to the provincial capital of Liang. When he arrived, his group was recognized as wanted bandits, which led local guards to try to arrest him. Xu Chu then attempted to force his way in with his men, fighting defenders and civilians alike. Alerted to the commotion, Yao Shuren noticed this hulking man beating his soldiers with ease. Stopping the fighting by his simple presence, Yao Shuren demanded to know what was happening, at which point Xu Chu handed him the missive and told him of the situation in Sili Province. When asked for a reward, Xu Chu simply asked to be allowed to serve Yao Shuren and lead troops for him. The Governor accepted him in his service, even appointing him Magistrate of Lintao for his effort. His fellow bandit leaders weren’t as lucky, though. Unlike their chief, they didn’t have a previous career in the imperial military to justify their use. The majority of Xu Chu’s followers were executed as petty criminals, their heads posted through Liang and Sili Provinces as warning against banditry.

Now needing to marshal his troops again, Yao Shuren called back his oldest supporter to come assist him on the campaign. With Xu Chu being clearly too wild for the Governor’s tastes and Xu Shu stuck on the other side of the revolt, Yao Shuren needed someone he could trust by his side. But if he wanted someone more level headed, then maybe the old Hu Zhen was not the best man for the job. For a few years now he had been known for bouts of rages bordering on insanity, which some attributed to his age (he was 56). While others might have already gotten rid of this problematic general, Yao Shuren proved surprisingly patient when it came to Hu Zhen. For all his ruthlessness, Yao Shuren never forgot the key support Hu Zhen had given him. Even when he had to finally take actions against the old man by firing him as Chief Clerk, the Governor still kept his longtime companion on his military staff. It seemed that even tyrants had people they cared for.

Meanwhile, the eastern part of Sili Province was not going well, as raids from the rebels threatened the newly established authority in the region. What garrisons were available stayed in the fortified cities, leaving the villages to the mercy of Chang Xia’s men. This was far from ideal, but it wasn’t like they had any other option. In the absence of anyone else, Xu Shu was forced to act as the authority for his liege, although this was not always respected. Wang Hong certainly believed that it was his right to act as the leader since he was the Assistant Administrator. Meanwhile, the Chief Clerk Ren Duo was suspicious of both men, although he was smart enough to follow Xu Shu’s orders more closely considering that he was Yao Shuren’s man in the region. Still, situation was bad enough that Ren Duo was forced to start trading with Luoyang to help the defense. Jiang Xian did try to seize on the opportunity to ask Ren Duo to defect and bring the Henan region back into Han control, but Ren Duo refused. He had been given the region as part of the division of territories among the officers following Niu Fu’s death, which meant that he loathed Jiang Xian and his schemes.


Wang Hong continued to act as if he was the leader here, and soon enough he decided to stop the revolt all on his own. He was convinced that he could talk his cousin out of it, that he could bring him back to his side. Xu Shu protested that this was a waste of time and extremely dangerous. But Wang Hong refused to listen, stubbornly continuing with his plan. Against all odds, he was eventually able to meet with Wang Chen. When the two cousins met, Wang Hong chastised Wang Chen for risking their newly acquired position by revolting and tried to order him to stand down. They finally had a shot at becoming powerful again, and he was putting it at risk. If he abandoned this insanity, Wang Hong assured his cousin that he would be able to ensure Wang Chen was pardoned. This did make the rebellious Wang hesitate, but by then Chang Xia had been made aware of the situation. Soon enough, rebel agents captured and imprisoned Wang Hong. And just like that, the rebels had a new bargaining chip.

But Yao Shuren had no desire to negotiate. His advance toward Chang’an forced the rebels to abandon their attacks on the eastern commanderies to come defend their territories. The rebels finally met the Liang soldiers in January 202 at Changle, ready to stop their advance. Surprisingly, the two armies were around the same size, as Yao Shuren didn’t have the time to rally a massive army before marching on the rebels. He preferred to deal with this as fast as possible. He ordered Xu Chu to take command of the left flank while he would take control of the right one. The goal was to do a pincer maneuver to crush the enemy army while it attacked the center. All they needed now was for Hu Zhen to hold, which proved a problem when he had one of his episodes, rendering him unable to lead efficiently. Thankfully, one of Hu Zhen subordinates stepped in, allowing the Liang forces to come out victorious.

The rebels quickly fled to the safety of Chang’an, where Chang Xia was horrified to learn of what had happened. This was a decisive setback for their revolt, as unlike Yao Shuren they didn’t have much new troops to replace their losses. Still, he remained defiant and prepared the defense of the western capital in anticipation of the enemy army. When the Liang forces did arrive, they found the city closed to them, forcing Yao Shuren to prepare a long siege. This was bad news, as Chang’an had a reputation of being heavily fortified and extremely difficult to conquer, which is why it had been the imperial capital for so long (well, that and the trade routes). By March, the soldiers were getting demoralized of having spent two months with little to no success to show off. However, Chang Xia’s terrible management of the supply didn’t leave the defenders more motivated, with many of them hoping to see this end soon. Correctly guessing the situation within Chang’an, Yao Shuren was able to use deception and bribes to have so of the defenders open him the gates, allowing him to walk into the western capital.
He quickly had Chang Xia captured and executed. However, he did not allow his men to pillage the city, to their frustration and disappointment (especially Xu Chu). He didn’t want to gain unwanted attention for destroying the city. People might start to consider him a brute like Dong Zhuo, which wasn’t ideal at the moment. However, he did punish the western capital for joining the rebellion, forcing it to pay a massive amount of wealth of reparations for the next five years. And even then, he would cancel that payment after a few months when he realized it’s negative effect over the economic power of Chang’an. Wang Hong was found and freed, although Yao Shuren was extremely disappointed in him. For his disobedience, Wang Hong was fired and whipped multiple times. The wounds inflicted by the lashes would eventually infect and kill him in July 204. As for Wang Chen, he raced to Chang’an and begged for his life, hoping that his cousin’s promise of safety was true. But his cousin was no longer around to help him, and Yao Shuren had no mercy for rebels. He had Wang Chen killed, ending permanently the power of the Wang Clan. With this show of force, no one in Sili Province would challenge his rule, knowing full well how it would end. No one touched his province.

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