Funny, we were discussing about the subject in the RPGCodex forums the other day.
We essentially came upon similar conclusions:
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CKII Levies > CKIII levies. CKII levies were useful for a good chunk of the game, until you could start rolling out a decent retinue. CKIII levies are only useful in the early game and after that, you're better off always maximizing your gold to build a proper retinue.
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Peasant Pitchfork Rabble Levies are effing stupid. It's essentially a stupid middle ages cliche. IRL, your average cannonfodder soldier got something like a simple spear and some leather armor, and he was a warrior who at least trained occasionally.
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The CKIII building system sidesteps the biggest issue with the CKII levies system: It always gave you an assorted grab-bag assortment of troops. Using the CKIII system, this would allow players and AI alike more control of a CKII-style levy system.
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How to get the soldier types you want from vassals? Simple, Vassal Contracts. This can have some interesting interplay with other systems. Like, why keep around a bunch of people from a different culture? Because you want THEIR Cultural Units and your contract strictly demands them to supply those to you.
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Monobuild Retinues/MAAs are stupid. IRL, a mono-build army would have been trashed so hard by any decent tactician with an equivalent army, It's not even funny. I think a mix of Infantry/Cavalry/Archers should be the minimum the average army needs to work. Obviously, this should be mostly valid for European-style armies. Things like Cavalry-heavy Steppe armies should follow different rules (say, Heavy/Light Cav/Horse Archers), and the inclusion of other unit types like Horse Archers and Elephants should make things more complex, but that's it.
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Retinues/MAAs trivialize the need to keep your vassals happy. With a big enough MAA, you no longer need to care what your vassals think. A big block of unchanging, ever-loyal soldiers is a problem in the mechanics.
I think the last one needs an intervention myself. In my opinion, the big problem of retinues/MAA is that they're totally disconnected from the CK game of characters and personal loyalties and that's stupid. They're essentially the Adeptus Custodes, when they should be more like the Praetorian Guard.
My idea: I believe the way to go is to have a Court Position for a leader of retinues, a "Master of Arms" if you will - I'm sure a medieval afficionado will find a better name. Anyway, my point is, the "Master of Arms" is meant to be the guy who leads your household troops, separate from the Marshal who leads your entire army (Your MAAs + Levies + Mercs). If the "Master of Arms" is not happy, he can screw you over - say, corrupt your MAAs to work for him rather than you, with accompanying effects (congrats you're now a puppet king, or dead).
If the MAAs become a new potential sword pointed at the player, suddenly keeping people happy becomes more important. I mean, at least keep THIS guy happy.
(it could be a function of the Marshal as well, but I think both being separate makes more sense and induces more political play - like, your Marshal should want to accumulate the functions, and doing this will make him happy, but make you more vulnerable. If Marshal doesn't have both positions, he should not be happy about it, but its less risk)
A county would have a base number of levies determined by factors like prosperity, control, etc. For example: 1,000 levies.
These levies would, by default, be rabble — peasants armed with improvised weapons. But if you build a barracks that provides equipment for 100 swordsmen, then 100 of those 1,000 levies would become swordsmen, leaving you with 100 swordsmen and 900 rabble.
If you then build an archery range too that equips 150 archers, you'd have 100 swordsmen, 150 archers, and 750 rabble.
Levies could function this way
That's a pretty interesting idea. The stupid pitchfork rabble levies still exist, but throwing them in battle essentially means you're super poor/desperate.
Mix with things like tech, and you can have increasingly better units in quality and quantity both.
Reminds me how your first units in Knights of Honor I and II are essentially Peasants with pitchforks and bad spears. Good for an early game rush and desperation attacks, but little else. You will start using proper soldiers as soon as possible and so will the AI.