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Tinto Maps #23 - 18th of October 2024 - China

Hello, and welcome to another week of Tinto’s fun Maps. This week it will be a huge one, as we will take a look at the entirety of China. It is a really big area, but it didn’t make sense to split it into multiple parts to present it separately, so we are showing it all at once. So, without further ado, let’s get started.

Countries
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Obviously the territory is dominated by Yuán, with Dali as its vassal. They appear big, strong, and scary, but they will have their own fair share of problems for sure. I will not go into detail into the countries that can be seen further south, as we will talk about Southeast Asia in a future Tinto Maps.

Societies of Pops
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Quite a variety of peoples in Southwest China, as you will see later in the culture maps.

Dynasties
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Here we finally have managed to catch the full name of the Borjigin dynasty in all its glory.

Locations
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Before you ask, there are around 1800 locations in China proper, not counting impassables and barring possible counting errors.

Provinces
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Areas
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Terrain
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You will notice here that there are few locations assigned as "farmlands", that's because when we did this part of the map there was yet not a clear criteria on how we would be defining the farmlands and their placement here hasn't been reviewed yet.

Development
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As mentioned before, the harsh changes of development at the end of China proper is probably too strong right now and it’s something that will have to be reviewed, especially at the Liáodōng area.

Natural Harbors
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Cultures
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There is a lot of cultural variation in China, not only among the sinitic peoples (which have been divided according to their linguistical and dialectal differences) but also having many other types of non-sinitic peoples. The resulting pie chart for the cultures of the country is a wonder to see indeed. And even if Yuán itself is Mongolian, there are actually very few Mongolian people in the country, as only the ruling class would belong to it. That is one other source of further trouble for Yuán.

Religions
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Considering religion, there is also a lot of variation in the South West, and one thing you will notice is the clear lack of “Animism”. We have finally eliminated Animism as a religion from the game and have divided it into many multiple ones. Besides this, and some Muslim presence in some areas, there are other small pockets of religions that do not get to appear in the map, like Manichaeism, Nestorianism, Judaism and Zoroastrianism. And the elephant in the room is the Mahayana, that we have already mentioned that we have plans on dividing it, but more on it at the end.

Raw Materials
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A very resource rich region, which makes it understandable that China was able to basically be self-sufficient in terms of resources for long periods in history, and with many sources of highly appreciated resources like silk, tea, and even soybeans. Another interesting thing is the division on the preference of grain cultivation, with rice being more prominent in the south while the north tends to favor wheat and sturdy grains (millet, basically).

Markets
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Population
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Yes, there’s a lot of population in China, and with that many people and that many resources it obviously has a lot of potential. We have been following population census of 1351 and 1393, which allows us to have the most accurate values we can have.

Now, before closing off, let me turn back once again to the subject of religion, as it has already been pointed out that having a single Mahayana religion covering both China and Tibet (and parts of India) may not be the best both for accuracy and gameplay reasons, and we basically agree with it so we are planning on reworking a bit but it hasn’t been done in time for this Tinto Maps. However, as we are aware that you are not able to provide proper feedback unless we present you something, let me now share with you what are our plans with it. Please keep in mind that I will NOT go into details about their mechanics, and only talk about their distribution.

First of all, Tibetan Buddhism will be split and turned into its own religion. Although it “technically” is part of the Mahayana branch, it is true that its practices have distinguished it from Chinese Buddhism enough to represent it as its own religion, starting from the fact that they do not follow the same canon. The Mahayana that was present in India was already an outlier from start, so it will be made into its own religion.

That leaves out that the current “Mahayana” remaining in game will be Chinese Buddhism, that is, those following the Chinese Buddhist canon, and it will be present in China, Korea, and Vietnam. The question remains on what to call the religion, and several things have to be considered for that:

  1. The religion will already include blended into it Confucianism and Daoism besides Buddhism, so all three religions are included. That means it can’t be named either Confucianism or Daoism, as they have been bundled in. Buddhism was taken as the base name because, from the three, it was considered as the one mostly oriented towards the “religious” (Confucianism being more focused on administration and Daoism on rituals), and the most similar to what an organized religion would be outside of China.
    1. As a subpoint on that, and I can’t go into details for it yet, but there will also be options inside it to favor Buddhism over Confucianism or the opposite, so that is already covered too.
  2. As mentioned, it will be present not only in China but also in Korea and Vietnam (and any other country that may convert too, like for example Japan), so naming it something that’s too intrinsic to Chinese identity would not be ideal. That would mean that a term like Sānjiào, although good, would feel a bit out of place when playing for example as Korea (we know that the concept spread there too, but it was more prominent inside China and regardless having the name be directly in Chinese would be the main issue when playing outside China)

So, for now, the current name we are considering for the religion is directly “Chinese Buddhism”, or even leaving it as “Mahayana”, understanding that the main current of Mahayana is the version following the Chinese canon anyway. But feel free to suggest any alternative naming if you feel that there may be a better option we haven’t thought of, as long as it takes into consideration the previous points. And of course, let us know your feedback on the proposed representation and distribution too.

And that’s it for today, after a bit longer closing than usual. Next week we’ll be back a bit further east, taking a look at Korea and Japan. Hope to see you there!
 
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The breakup of a monolithic Chinese culture is a bit much for me. I get breaking Jin, Hui, Wu (Hui and Wu could be one Wu culture), Gan, Min, Hakka, Xiang, Ping, and Yue (Ping and Yue could be one Yue culture), but why break up Han even more? The cultural and dialectal variations are not too different between them. Han should return in place of Xinan, Zhongyuan, Jilu, Jiao Liao, Dongbei, and Jianghuan to give China a much more unified culture bloc. If you want more cultural variation, maybe add Waxianghua or Shipo, but don't break up Han to this extent.
Didn't Sichuan spoke something other than Mandarin at this point?
 
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One suggestion for the religion name would be sinism? Similar to the Sino Sphere, but also weird that SanJiao is too chinese, but Chinese Buddhism is fine? If you lean in Buddhism you can name it Sinic Buddhism, or hanic Buddhism.
 
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Cultural groups may need to address certain issues, such as the Xuanzhou region (southern Anhui, south of the Yangtze River) and the Hui dialect, which may require some adjustments. Additionally, there may be a need for adjustments to some administrative divisions in this part of Jiangnan. Below is a collection of information I have compiled.

Has the scope of the Wu-speaking area been underestimated? Because during the Yuan and Ming dynasties, the Wu-speaking population in southern Anhui was not subjected to massacres.


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Image 1 and text

"Map of the Distribution of Modern Wu Dialects by County"
Official Version - 2024 (Year of the Dragon)

This map provides an overview of the distribution of the Wu dialects across the region, indicating the boundaries of different sub-dialect areas.
Based on a research report from 2000, this map was updated using modern data.
The dialect regions marked are based on historical linguistic studies, and some boundaries may slightly vary.

This image is a map showing the distribution of modern Wu dialects.

Legend (bottom-right corner):

Taihu Dialect (太湖片) (North)
Oujinag Dialect (瓯江片): Yellow (South-East)
Taizhou Dialect (台州片): Pale green (East)
Wuzhou Dialect (婺州片): Pink (South-Center)
Xinqu Dialect (信衢片): Purple (West-Southwest)
Chuzhou DialectLishui Dialect(处州片): Orange
Huiyan DialectHuizhou” (徽严片” “徽语”): Dark Green
Xuanzhou Dialect (宣州片): Red (West)

Color-coded Regions (main map):

View attachment 1203840View attachment 1203840



40FEF538576F4406D5CCEDD800904A13.png



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!Image 2 and text!


"Map of Population Losses in Jiangnan Due to the Taiping Rebellion (1851-1865)"
Version: 2024.6.7


Flags (top-left):

Left flag: "Taiping Tianguo" (Heavenly Kingdom of Peace)
Right flag: Dragon flag
Regions and Population Losses (percentages shown on the map):

Anqing Prefecture (安庆府): -56%
Chizhou Prefecture(池州府): -87%
Huizhou Prefecture(徽州府): -74%
Guangde Zhou(广德州): -93%
Taiping Prefecture (太平府):-75%
Nanjing ”Jiangning Prefecture“(“南京”“江宁府”): -76%
Zhenjiang Prefecture(镇江府):
Changzhou Prefecture(常州府):
Suzhou Prefecture(苏州府): -65%
Taicang Zhou (太仓州):-27%
Haimen Ting (海门厅):+6%
Songjiang Prefecture ”Shanghai“(”松江府“”上海“):-10%
Jiaxing Prefecture(嘉兴府):-66%
Huzhou Prefecture (湖州府):-79%
Hangzhou Prefecture(杭州府): -81%
Yanzhou Prefecture(严州府): -54%
Quzhou Prefecture(衢州府): -50%
Chuzhou Prefecture(处州府): -34%
Jinhua Prefecture (金华府):-40%
Shaoxing Prefecture (绍兴府):-61%
Ningbo Prefecture (宁波府):-37%
Dinghai Ting (定海厅):N/A
Taizhou Prefecture(台州府): -35%
Wenzhou Prefecture(温州府): +3%

Regions with the greatest losses are marked in red, while less affected areas appear in lighter colors. Green regions indicate population growth.

Notes (bottom-left corner):
The sources reference historical records detailing the devastation and demographic changes in Jiangnan during and after the Taiping Rebellion, focusing on the significant population losses in various prefectures. Specific citations include research on population estimates and historical analyses from books and academic papers, such as "The Population History of China" by Cao Shuji.

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Image 3,4 and text

"Population Changes in the Su-Zhe-An Border Area Before and After the War (Unit: Ten Thousand People)"
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图片5.6、7及文字


These maps respectively show the main administrative provinces of the Jiangnan region (Wu-speaking areas) during the Yuan and Song dynasties. In the Song Dynasty, the area was called "Liangzhe Circuit (两浙路)" while in the Yuan Dynasty, it was known as "Jiangzhe Province江浙行省)."

The current division of areas in China may be too large and coarse. I believe the administrative divisions in southern China during the Song Dynasty were relatively reasonable and could serve as a reference to some extent. By comparing the divisions of the Song Dynasty with those in Tinto Maps, it is evident that the Song Dynasty’s administrative divisions were more detailed in certain respects, especially in the southern regions. Divisions such as “Liangzhe Circuit” and “Guangnan East Circuit” fully took into account local natural conditions, economic development, and cultural differences.


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Thank you for not making China's religion just "Confucianism" this time. That choice in Paradox games always struck me as odd since Confucianism has essentially no universal metaphysical belief requirements. The three classic Confucian scholars of Confucius, Mengzi, and Xunzi didn't even agree with each other on if supernatural things like spirits and heaven existed. Confucianism itself is more akin to a family of normative ethics theories (though some Confucianisms are very religious). Making China's religion Confucianism was basically like making Europe's religion "Virtue Ethics".
 
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For the areas, is there a historical reason why shaanxi has taken over half of Gansu, while having lost its northern parts to a more artificial "southern Gobi" (which should probably be Suíyuǎn, from one of the predecessors of Inner Mongolia province)?
 
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For the areas, is there a historical reason why shaanxi has taken over half of Gansu, while having lost its northern parts to a more artificial "southern Gobi" (which should probably be Suíyuǎn, from one of the predecessors of Inner Mongolia province)?
Paradox must use map of early Ming dynasty, at that time, Shaanxi is a huge province, and Gansu is a sub-provincal area belong to Shaanxi. Actually, Gansu(甘肃)'s name is from Ganzhou(甘州) and Suzhou(肃州), and that map is quite correct of that.
Here is Shaanxi during Ming.
1729270908711.png
 
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There are a little too many odd mistakes... From the beginning to the end, there are many questions, including the final explanation of the reasons for choosing Buddhism. Many places have been pointed out by my companions. Let me point out a place that is closely related to each other. Among the small places in most areas of Zhejiang, the prefectures are all referred to as roads, and only Linhai is not called Taizhou.
Speaking of which, why do Sanmen and Taiping use Haiyou and Songmen? If Songmen is for Songmen-Wei, what about Haiyou?
 
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I've seen in the dev responses that Macau was omitted because it was too small, but I imagined locations with historical importance would be added and simply made larger than they are in area in real life. The prime example of this being the inclusion of Gibraltar, with an area of only 6km2 as opposed to Macau which is over 110km2. So what attribute does Gibraltar have to warrant inclusion that Macau does not?
 
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I have to say it's quite odd how small the Rma/Qiangic culture is, especially given that the Tangut Xia dynasty was only 100 years ago. Additionally, you've got multiple small states - in particular Gyelrong and Ngapa - which were ruled by and inhabited with speakers of Qiangic languages, primarily rGyalrong, but are instead represented as Amdo Tibetans. I'd see about replacing a big chunk of Amdoan with a new Gylarong culture, or maybe expanding Rma as Qiangic.
Yup, I also stand for the addition of the Gyalrong people.
 
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We decided against it due to it being too small and having other mechanics that can represent the foreign presence without the need of a location. But as always, everything is open for review.
Strongly disagree with this. The idea of a separate Macau during this historical period, one that (became) explicitly governed by a European power and one of the earliest places in East Asia to be so ruled is tremendously important historically. The wikipedia article on Macau's history explicitly talks about the coastline (which is in a sense a proxy for 'Aomen - the Bay Gate - aka Macau' being occupied around 1277 by 50,000 refugees of the Monglian conquest, so the area as a distinct cultural entity existed at this time. I know we've split off areas with populations of less than 50,000. The same article makes clear that Portuguese Macau started as a trading post but became a "permanent residence" of the Portuguese around 1557, which they paid for starting in 1573. I understand that in a formal sense, Macau was only declared a separate country in 1846, but even though the claim is that China retained sovereignty in Macau, it doesn't really seem that way in any de-facto sense. It had its own fort, its own churches, its own episcopal see - I really think that justifies it as a separate location.

Gameplay wise, one imagines that the Portuguese interactions in East Asia would at least benefit from if not depend on having range to this location. After all, EU4 went a little too far and made it a whole separate province with its Western name more prominent. With the amount of granularity in Caesar, I think not having a separate Aomen/Macau area is crazy, considering how important its unique cultural identity was to the following 200 years. Please consider splitting it off.

Also in favor of using the term Three Teachings for the religion prominent in China, if you want something that conveys the idea of the religion we associate with China without sounding too Chinese.
 
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Does it really matter if a foreign nation adopts the Chinese religion? Christ isn't exactly a Japanese name yet Kirishitan Japan is a thing.

EDIT--I mean, Kirishitan Japan *isn't* a thing. That's how it's informally called but in-game, it's still Christian.
 
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That is far too far north to have the only She representation. The early history of the She is not very clear, but my understanding is that their ancestral homeland was around Chaozhou and the southern Taiwan Strait. There is a theory that they migrated northwards through the hills, when the arrival of the Hakka and Han pushed them out of the better lowlands, but I don't know how reliable that is.
The 雷 clan of She people in 惠明寺,景宁county ,they moved to Zhejiang in the middle of the Tang Dynasty.
《唐朝元皇南泉山迁居建造惠明寺报税开垦》:“永泰二年丙午岁,雷太祖进裕公一家五人......来到浙江处州府青田鹤溪村”(In 766,the ancestor of 雷clan Jinyu moved his family to Hexi,Qingtian,Chuzhou,Zhejiang) (Chuzhou is Lishui today)

《村头蓝氏宗谱》:The 蓝clan in 村头village,象溪township,松阳county moved from 罗源,Fujian to 松阳,Zhejiang when 黄巢 uprised(878).

四格village,澄照township,景宁county,the 蓝clan《蓝氏宗谱》:始祖蓝敬泉于南宋淳祐年间......迁居浙江处州府小窟(The ancestor Lan Jingquan moved to Xiaoku,Chuzhou,Zhejiang during 1241-1252)(Xiaoku is Xiaoxu小徐township today)

After Wang Yangming(王阳明) governed 赣州 in southern Jiangxi and suppressed the rebellions of She and Hakka people in various places, a large number of She and Hakka people fled eastward and southward.So the She people had already existed in southern Zhejiang, and And its number began to rise rapidly from the early sixteenth century.

edit:Most of the She people who stayed in the border area of Fujian, Jiangxi and Guangdong were assimilated into the Han culture. Most of their descendants have become part of today's Hakka people. It can be seen from their genealogy.
 
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I don't know much about religious dynamics of the China but; i may suggest some naming and branching ideas:

- Shénjiào / Shendao: A term describing Chinese folk beliefs distinct from Buddhism and Taoism.
- Confucianism: May be applied as Chinese Buddhism as other Paradox games.
- Taoism/Daoism: I think it must be represented better as it is a religion followed up by millions even today. (i didnt see any in the map if its a whole category i dont know about it.)

- My best possible suggestion that you may like, is to name the Branches of Buddhism with the geographical ways.

Buddhist_sects.png

Calling it Eastern Buddhism makes it very clear and even if religion completely disappears from China it is still originated from East.. So it sounds ok to me.

This classification on the Wiki sounds good, you should definitely check it out. There are many branches and possible names out there. And I'd be happy to see them in the game.
 
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The name Jiyuan, Jining, Jinan, Jiyin located near the Yellow River are all named after Jǐshuǐ River(济水), which have the same tone symbols as Jǐ. The character 济 in this tone is a proper name, not Jì which maybe more used as in 经济(Jīngjì, economy).
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I've been thinking and if the issue with "three teachings" is the lack of influence of daoism in Korea (hence no "third" teaching there) how about naming it something like "harmonious teachings", "eastern teachings" or simply "the teachings". That way there shouldn't be any issue with Korea having such a religion.
 
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On a related note, I agree with the comment that mentioned that Mahayana could remain as a religion to represent the more "hardcore" buddist minorities that practiced buddism more rigidly rather than the more syncretic faith of the majority. It would also be the best way to represent the eventual ikko ikki rebels in Japan. (Unless there are already mechanics to represent that)
 
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