Tinto Maps #23 - 18th of October 2024 - China

[Aldaron]

I've also noticed that the coastline looks rather strange. While I appreciate the map creator's awareness of the differences between the 14th-century Chinese coastline and the present one, the outcome isn't quite satisfactory. Using GIS data and the Gall Stereographic projection that Johan mentioned, I've produced a relatively accurate Ming Dynasty coastline and overlaid it on the map in this thread. I marked the areas needing change to underwater in red and those needing change to land in blue. Additionally, I've attached the files directly exported from historical GIS data to facilitate modifications directly on the map file.

View attachment 1204106View attachment 1204107

Please add the shapefiles instead and I will export it myself as it will be far more useful.

 

[Aldaron]

Also, another reminder, we are not looking for names of counties but the names of the seats. We want locations to be named after locations not after areas as it was in EU4.

 

[Aldaron]

Of course, no problem at all. However, the Ming Dynasty coastline (reflecting the 14th-16th centuries) is based on WMS output, while the Qing Dynasty coastline (reflecting the 18th-19th centuries) is in shapefile format. I will upload both; please use whichever is more convenient for you. I have no preference between the two coastlines since dynamic coastlines are not currently feasible.

Greatly appreciated.

 

[Roger Corominas]

Proposal for Han Cultures:

Before I begin this post, I would like to personally state that I think the Han Chinese should be represented as one single culture, as the common identity of Han people is very ancient and crucial to the historical behaviour of China.

However, in the culture maps shown so far, one thing has been proven, the devs are in favour of splitting cultures to a fairly granular level. German and French dialects each are broken into multiple cultures, Ruthenia has gained many cultures, and the Persians, despite only speaking one language, have three cultures. Therefore, I advocate for the game to adopt a principle of CONSISTENCY, China should be treated equally to Europe. In this regard, the current culture map is massively inadequate. One of the main features of China is the diversity of its language and culture. Each European dialect gets to be a culture, and China has hundreds of dialects, so there should be many cultures.

Additionally, I would argue that if we are to divide up the Han culture at all, a fairly granular approach is the best. The reason for this is that the recognisable "groups" that one often sees on linguistic maps of China and which form the present basis for Han cultures in the game, were created by linguists in the late 20th century and have dubious historical meaning. Each top level group contains multiple speeches that are mutually unintelligible. How can a person from Wenzhou and a person from Suzhou be considered one and the same culture if they can't understand each other if they speak in their local dialect, while meanwhile, people from Hanover and Brandenburg in Germany are different cultures even though they can easily understand each other if they speak in their local dialects? I think this must be rectified.

View attachment 1204097

NOTICE: This map is ABSOLUTELY NOT supposed to illustrate which regions are ethnically Han as opposed to other ethnicities. It is also NOT a map of exactly where Han people are found. Many of the locations on this map that are coloured in might very well have absolutely no Han people in them at all (it's also possible that there might be Han people outside the coloured regions, but I would expect such communities to be military colonists and therefore their culture could be anything). Its EXCLUSIVE PURPOSE is to illustrate where the borders between the sub-cultures are, and what culture I would expect any Han pops in a location, if they exist, to be.

Format: I will provide each culture's name in Han characters, Standard Chinese pinyin, and then the closest approximation of what the local pronunciation might be that I could find, with the dialect it is in in parentheses. The parentheses DO NOT indicate the dialect spoken by the people, only the dialect that the name for them that's given is in).

Wu group:
In this period, which is before the upheaval and crisis of the Red Turban rebellion, speakers of Wu dialects occupied a greater territory than they do today, although I believe most of the modern day Wu communities north of the river did not form yet. The Xuanzhou dialect especially was damaged and used to be spoken in a wider area than it is today.
Each one of the Wu cultures here represents groups that today have great difficulty communicating with each other. The Wu and Yue groups are the closest to each other, and Yue could maybe be folded into Wu, but from what I read, their dialects were referred to with different names.

吴 / Wú / Ghou (Suzhou)
越 / Yuè / Ɦyə (Hangzhou)
宣州 / Xuānzhōu / Xitseu (Shanghai). Could also simply be called Xuān
婺州 / Wùzhōu / Vutseu (Shanghai). Could also simply be called Wù
衢州 / Qúzhōu / Jiutseu (Shanghai). Could also simply be called Qú
滁州 / Chúzhōu / Zytseu (Shanghai). Could also simply be called Chú
江山 / Jiāngshān / Ciaonsan (Jinhua)
台州 / Táizhōu / Thecieu (Taizhou). Could also simply be called Tái
瓯海 / Ōuhǎi / Auchiou (Wenzhou). Could also be called 东瓯 / Dōng'ōu / Tong'au, or just Ōu / Au

Huizhou group:
This is a great example of how arbitrary the dialect groups are. It's actually considered unlikely that the Huizhou dialects really have a common origin, they were grouped together because they are all spoken in the same region and don't belong to any other group. They are all incomprehensible to each other.

绩溪 / Jìxī / Jiecii (Jixi)
屯溪 / Túnxī / local pronunciation might be something like *Dencii?
祁婺 / Qíwù / local pronunciation might be something like *Wuxi?

Min group:
Min is another example of a dialect group that contains many totally incomprehensible varieties. This group in particular might be the most extreme example of that, which is caused by its being the oldest dialect group to diverge from all the others.
Today, Northern Min and Central Min are incomprehensible and in fact Central Min contains several incomprehensible speeches within itself, but from what I have read, the development of these differences might postdate the 14th century and the dialect of Jianning had prestige status back then and could be understood throughout inland Fujian
My decision to separate Fuzhou and Funing from each other could be argued with, personally I would prefer to have them be separate, but they could be merged into a single 闽北 / Mǐnběi / Mìngbáe̤k culture
Additionally, the migration that brought Southern Min speakers into eastern Guangdong and led to the formation of the Chaozhou and Fulao dialects, is quite recent, and the migrants did not come from a single area, so it could be argued that these people shouldn't be considered distinct from the Minnan people yet. However I have decided to show them as separate cultures because they should definitely become separate later on. It is much like the conundrum with Greenlandic and Icelandic.

福州 / Fúzhōu / Hókciŭ (Fuzhou)
福宁 / Fúníng / Hóknìng (Fuzhou). Could also be called 闽东 / Mǐndōng / Mìngdĕ̤ng
兴化 / Xīnghuà / Hinghua̍ (Xinghua)
闽南 / Mǐnnán / Bànlâm (Minnan). Could also be called 泉漳 / Quánzhāng / Choânchiang, or perhaps even 福建 / Fújiàn / Hokkiàn (this last name is the one most familiar to English speakers but is mostly used by Overseas Chinese, and not much within China itself, because this toponym refers to a whole province that also includes four of the other Min dialects listed here)
潮州 / Cháozhōu / Diêziu (Chaoshan)
福佬 / Fúlǎo / Hôkló (Minnan). This name might be slightly confusing since it technically can be used to refer to any Southern Min group, it is just specifically associated with this subgroup. They could also be called 海丰话 / Hǎilùfēng / Háilio̍khong
东 / Dòng / Tang (Minnan). This name can be used to refer to other groups though, its more common modern name is 雷州 / Léizhōu / Luitsiú
琼 / Qióng / Kheng (Hainan). Also known as 海南 / Hǎinán / Háinâm, but 琼 was more common in the past
村话 / Cūnhuà / Chhun'ōe (Minnan). Today these people are called "Zhongshan Min", but the region was named Zhongshan in honour of Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan is Standard Chinese, Yat-sen is Cantonese), so it can't be used.
建宁 / Jiànníng / Gṳ̿ingnǎing (Jian'ou). Today equivalent to Inland Min

Yue group:
Another group that contains a lot of incomprehensible varieties. Historically, Yue proper (i.e. Cantonese) was only spoken in the immediate vicinity of Guangzhou, but in the past few centuries, Yue people have migrated to upper reaches of the Pearl River valley, and as a result there are large communities of people in Guangxi today who speak dialects comprehensible with Cantonese, which wouldn't have been the case in 1337. There is one culture I have included named "Wuzhou", today Wuzhou is a Cantonese-speaking city, but in the 14th century this city and the region around it would have all spoken dialects of the Goulou group.
I made the decision to split off Guanbao and Shiqi from Cantonese, but this is a matter of my opinion, and I'm not totally sure.
Even though this might seem like a lot of cultures, all of these historically would have serious difficulty communicating and might not be able to communicate with each other at all

粵海 / Yuèhǎi / Jyuthoi (Guangzhou). If the Yue dialect in Zhejiang is eliminated, the name could be shortened to just 粵 / Yuè / Jyut. It could also be called 广州 / Guǎngzhōu / Gwongzau, 番禺 / Pānyú / Punjyu, or by the English word "Cantonese".
石岐 / Shíqí / Sekkei (Guangzhou). Could also be called 香山 / Xiāngshān / Hoengsaan
莞宝 / Guǎnbǎo / Gunbou (Guangzhou)
新会 / Xīnhuì / Ilhinvoi (Taishan). Today these people are called "Taishanese", but that name did not exist until 1914.
麻佬 / Málǎo / Maalou (Guangzhou). Could also be called 欽廉 / Qīnlián / Hamlim
化州 / Huàzhōu / Faazau (Guangzhou)
高州 / Gāozhōu / Gouzau (Guangzhou)
吴川 / Wúchuān / Ngcyun (Guangzhou)
阳江 / Yángjiāng / Joenggong (Guangzhou)
广信 / Guǎngxìn / Gwongseon (Guangzhou). Could also be called 梧州 / Wúzhōu / Ngzau
土白 / Tǔbái / Toupak (Guangzhou). Equivalent to the Guigang dialect, but that name isn't any older than 1988
郁林 / Yùlín / Uatlam (Yulin)

Ping group:
Sometimes considered part of the Yue group. This is really a pair of dialects, which are very distinct from each other in addition to the Yue group. In modern times, Yue expansion into Guangxi has influenced Ping significantly, creating hybrid dialects, but this situation postdates the 14th century.

桂北 / Guìběi / Gwaibak (Guangzhou). Could also be referred to as "North Gui".
桂南 / Guìnán / Gwainaam (Guangzhou). Could also be referred to as "South Gui".

Miscellaneous southern dialects:
These dialects, found on Hainan island, don't fit well into any groups.

儋州 Dānzhōu / Daamzau (Guangzhou)
迈 Mài / Mai (Mai)

Gan group:
The Gan dialect group has less internal variation than many others, so I have decided to consider it as a single culture. The area inhabited by Gan people is larger today than it is in my map. This is because during the Red Turban Rebellion, many people in neigbouring provinces died due to the upheaval, and Gan people migrated into Hunan, Anhui, and Fujian. A hybrid Gan-Min dialect exists in Fujian today because of this. I believe that in the 14th century, the Gan people inhabited more of Hubei than they do today, but were later assimilated.
The Kejia people (typically referred to by their endonym Hakka in English) speak a relatively similar dialect to Gan, although this is no grounds for merging them together. It should be noted that in the modern day, there are Kejia communities scattered all over southern China, but in the 14th century, many of the Kejia migrations have not yet occurred.
Within the Kejia dialect group, there is a group who live along the East River in Guangdong who consider the Kejia people to be different from themselves. I have decided to make these people a pair of distinct cultures, even though their speech is technically within the Kejia group. The Shé culture is NOT to be confused with the Shē culture, a non-Han ethnic minority of southeastern China some of whom also live in the East River valley. Today the East River valley is inhabited by many Kejia proper people, but this is a result of a Ming-era second wave of migration.

贛 / Gàn / Gon (Gan)
客家 / Kèjiā / Hakka (Kejia)
蛇 / Shé / Sha (Hailu Kejia)
惠州 / Huìzhōu / Fichû (Taiwanese Kejia)

Xiang group:
The two main divisions of Xiang are New Xiang (which is more similar to Mandarin) and Old Xiang (which has more plesiomorphic differences). It's actually unclear if these dialects have a common origin, and they have a great difficulty in communicating. New Xiang is occasionally considered a Mandarin dialect instead of being grouped with the others, although it would be a very divergent one. There are also some other Xiang dialects that do not fit into the dichotomy, including the Hengzhou dialect, which in particular is quite difficult for other speakers to understand. The Xiang are often called "Hunanese".
The Waxiang people are arguably not Han Chinese, I have included them here since their speech is often considered to belong within the Xiang group.

新湘 / Xīnxiāng / Sinsian (Changsha), or "New Xiang". Could also be called 北湘 / Běixiāng / Besian or "North Xiang".
老湘 / Lǎoxiāng / Lausian (Changsha), or "Old Xiang". Could also be called 南湘 / Nánxiāng / Lansian or "South Xiang".
湘西 / Xiāngxī / Sianxi (Changsha), or "West Xiang". Its technical name is 吉漵 / Jíxù / Jisi, but I considered this to feel too modern and arbitrary.
永州 / Yǒngzhōu / Ynzhou (Changsha). Could also be called 南湘 / Nánxiāng / Lansian or "South Xiang".
衡州 / Héngzhōu / Henzhou (Changsha)
瓦乡 / Wǎxiāng / Huaxiong (Waxiang)

Old Sichuanese:
Today people in Sichuan speak various dialects of Mandarin Chinese, but in the 14th century they would have spoken a very ancient and divergent dialect of Chinese. Between the beginning of the Ming dynasty and the beginning of the Qing dynasty, this dialect declined and was absorbed and eventually entirely replaced by Mandarin, due to the region being devastated by warfare and then subsequently repopulated by waves of migrants from the Middle Yangtze Plain. Because this has not happened yet, it is anachronistic for Sichuan to share a culture with Hubei.
Though note this as well, famously, Sichuan historically has been very isolated from the rest of China (蜀道之難難於上青天) and has a strong cultural identity even today, so even if the game was set after the extinction of Old Sichuanese, I would still advocate for Sichuan culture to be its own thing.
I personally consider it likely that Old Sichuanese, due to its long history, had incomprehensible dialects of its own, but it seems that because the language is very poorly recorded, there is no evidence either way. One particular plausible place such a dialect could be would be the Han River Valley in Southern Shaanxi, which as far as I can tell had a common linguistic fate with Sichuan, but is also geographical separated from the Sichuan basin proper. But this is speculation. If it was added to the game, this culture could be called "Hànzhōng".

蜀 / Shǔ / Su (Chengdu). Could also be called 巴蜀 / Bāshǔ / Basu. It could also be anglicised to "Sichuanese".

Yangtze Mandarin:
Southwestern Mandarin and Jianghuai Mandarin, especially their traditional forms, are actually quite different from northern varieties and sometimes considered distinct top-level groupings. During the Ming dynasty, a predecessor of modern Mandarin originating from Nanjing was the equivalent of modern Standard Chinese, being the national prestige dialect and official speech. In fact it is this speech which was the original speech referred to as "Mandarin". On the other hand, the modern Nanjing dialect is more similar to the Beijing dialect than it is to classical Mandarin, and has some characteristic traits of its own that are shared with neither, such as n merging with l (so Nanjing turns into "Lanjin"). As such, from this point on I will dispense with providing a "local" pronunciation in addition to the Standard Chinese one.
Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin seem to, as far as I can tell, have diverged from each other relatively soon before the game start date, or possibly a short while after. Southwestern Mandarin itself doesn't really even exist yet in a certain sense, because nearly all of the present-day diversity of this group originates from Hongwu's colonisation of the southwest, and then the later Qing colonisation of the southwest. This would transform it from a handful of speeches found in northern Huguang to a vast dialect family of 260 million people inhabiting 12 provinces.

江淮 / Jiānghuái
泰州 / Tàizhōu. Could also maybe be called 通泰 / Tōngtài
楚 / Chǔ
常德 / Chángdé

Northern Mandarin:
I personally strongly advocate that Zhongyuan shouldn't extend into Shaanxi. Instead, a new culture named Qin or maybe Qinlong should exist there. Even today the Shaanxi-Gansu-Shanxi dialects are a bit distinct from the Zhongyuan dialects proper and similar to each other, and the historical differences between these regions should be respected. Huaihai a distinct culture as well, although this is more subjective.
It's kind of funny for Jiaoliao to be called that, since the "Liao" in its name refers to the fact that in modern times, this dialect is spoken on two peninsulas, the Jiaodong peninsula and the Liaodong peninsula. However, this situation is of recent origin and originates from the Qing dynasty, when many people from Shandong migrated into the depopulated Northeast. The Jiaoliao culture should either be called Jiao, or Jiaodong. It could even maybe be anglicised to "Peninsular", which captures the meaning of the Chinese name while leaving reference to Liaodong ambiguous.
For the same reason, the Beijing culture shouldn't be present in Liaodong either. As for its name, it probably shouldn't be called "Beijing" since the city isn't called that yet. Is current name I personally think is okay as a name since I don't think "Northeastern" came to specifically refer to Guandong until the Qing period. I really don't know what else it could be called, either. Maybe "Yan" or "Ji" although the latter probably should be avoided if we are calling the Hebei-Shandong culture "Jilu".

中原 / Zhōngyuán
淮海 / Huáihǎi
秦 / Qín. Could also be called 秦陇 / Qínlǒng
东北 / Dōngběi, or alternatively 燕 / Yān, or alternatively 蓟 / Jì
河北 / Héběi, 华北 / Huáběi, / 海河 / Hǎihé, / 冀魯 / Jìlǔ (there isn't a super obvious name for this)
晋Jìn

Miscellaneous northern varieties:
Historically, the 14th century is the end of a long period of declining Han Chinese dominance. There are many regions which were colonised by China during the Han and Tang periods that have been under the rule of non-Han dynasties for centuries. However, from what I have read, Chinese populations continued to exist in these regions. None of them exist today, mostly due to warfare and later waves of migration.
This part of my map also contains the most significant "this is not meant to depict the exact extent of ethnically Han regions". I am not saying that Xinjiang is anywhere near as Han as this map would imply, just that there are communities of Chinese there.
The Lan-Yin dialect, which is a culture in the game right now, did not exist prior to the Ming dynasty and Hongwu's colonisation. The old Han inhabitants of Gansu went extinct due to warfare.

辽东 / Liáodōng
涼 / Liáng
西域 / Xīyù

Thank you, very extensive info. We'll take a look at that.

 

[Roger Corominas]

I've noticed some issues with the naming of locations (which others have pointed out in previous replies as well), primarily concerning the use of the name of the county seat (i.e., modern "street (街道)" or "town (镇)" ) for the name of the entire county.

I will first focus on correcting place names mainly in the Sichuan and Guizhou, using historical maps of China from the Ming and Qing dynasties as references, which align with the current base map references. All the name changes I propose are based on the Ming dynasty county-level names or the most historically accurate settlement names.

Specifically, the names might end with "County (县), Office (司), Prefecture (州), or Garrison (卫)," although, in theory, they are of the same administrative level with different functional authorities. Please note that in broader administrative divisions above the county level (i.e., prefecture level), some end with "州," but this "州" is not the same concept as the county-level "州." The suggested names I provided generally do not include generic terms such as "xiàn (县)", "suǒ (所)", "wèi (卫)", etc. However, for county-level "zhōu (州)", I consider the term as part of the proper name to distinguish them from prefecture-level "zhōu (州)".

I've marked all the proposed locations on the map using corresponding numbers. I've also provided both their current names and the suggested new names for easier reference and modification.

1. Pítǒng is the name of a town, while the Ming dynasty county-level name is Pí (郫县).
2. Zhào is the name of a town, while the Ming dynasty county-level name is Jīntáng (金堂).
3. Tiānpéng is the name of a street, while the Ming dynasty county-level name is Péng (彭县).
4. Guànzhōu, though it has a county or prefecture-level name, was downgraded to a county in the Ming dynasty, so the county-level name should be Guàn (灌县).
5. Chóngyáng is the name of a street, while the Ming dynasty county-level name is Chóngqìngzhōu (崇庆州).
6. Jìnyuán is the name of a street, while the Ming dynasty county-level name is Dàyì (大邑县).
7. Fāngtíng is the name of a street, while the Ming dynasty county-level name is Shífāng (什邡县).
8. Ānchāng is the name of a town, while the Ming dynasty county-level name is Ān (安县).
9. Yúnxī is the name of a town, while the Ming dynasty county-level name is Yántíng (盐亭县).
10. Tàihéī is the name of a street, while the Ming dynasty county-level name is Shèhóng (射洪县).
11. Chìchéng is the name of a town, while the Ming dynasty county-level name is Péngxī (蓬溪县).
12. Yuèyáng is the name of a town, while the Ming dynasty county-level name is Ānyuè (安岳县).
13. Chónglóng is the name of a town, while the Ming dynasty county-level name is Zī (资县).
14. Yánlíng is the name of a town, while the Ming dynasty county-level name is Wēiyuǎn (威远县).
15. Wénlín is the name of a street, while the Ming dynasty county-level name is Rénshòu (仁寿县).
16. Fèngmíng is the name of a street, while the Ming dynasty county-level name is Péngshān (彭山县).
17. I can’t clearly read what is written here, but based on the spelling, it seems incorrect. The Ming dynasty county-level name is Qīngshén (青神县).
18. Yánchéng is the name of a street, while the Ming dynasty county-level name is Jǐngyán (井研县).
19. Yùjīn is the name of a town, while the Ming dynasty county-level name is Qiánwéi (犍为县).
20. Mùxī is the name of a town, while the Ming dynasty county-level name is Mùchuān (沐川司).
21. Mǎhú’s location is incorrect. This location did not have an administrative designation in the Ming dynasty. I suggest merging it with the western part of #22 and renaming it Píngyí (平彝司).
22. The name is fine, but its boundaries should be adjusted in coordination with #21.
23. Xuānhuà’s location is incorrect, and the county was abolished after 1373. The name that fits this location better is Yíbīn (宜宾县).
24. Bǎixī is the name of a town, while the Ming dynasty county-level name is Qìngfú (庆符县).
25. Wénjiāng is the name of a town, while the Ming dynasty county-level name is Gāozhōu (高州).
26. Xùyáng is the name of a town, while the Ming dynasty county-level name is Róng (荣县).
27. Ānfù is the name of a street, while the Ming dynasty county-level name is Nàxī (纳溪县).
28. Xùyǒng did not become the name of this area until the Republic of China period. It is suggested to change it to Yǒngníng (永宁), as the area did not have a county during the Ming dynasty, but was governed by a minority region administrative agency, Yǒngníng Xuānfǔ Sī, and was later changed to a county in the Qing dynasty.
29. Jìnchéng is the name of a street, while the Ming dynasty county-level name is Xīchōng (西充县).
30. Nánlóng is the name of a street, while the Ming dynasty county-level name is Nánbù (南部县).
31. Jīnchéng is the name of a street, while the Ming dynasty county-level name is Yílǒng (仪陇县).
32. Chéngshǒu is the name of a town, while the Ming dynasty county-level name is Yíngshān (营山县).
33. Zhōukǒu is the name of a street, while the Ming dynasty county-level name is Péngzhōu (蓬州).
34. Huáyíng did not become a county-level division until 1978. It was first established in the Qing dynasty as Zīmǎ (资马乡). If the idea is not to merge it with other places, the best approach is to change it to Zīmǎ, even though it is not county-level.
35. Nónghuí is the name of a street, while the Ming dynasty county-level name is Guǎngānzhōu (广安州).
36. Lúyáng is the name of a street, while the Ming dynasty county-level name is Lúshān (芦山县).
37. Héshān is the name of a street, while the Ming dynasty county-level name is Pújiāng (蒲江县).
38. Méngyáng is the name of a street, while the Ming dynasty county-level name is Míngshān (名山县).
39. Chéngxiāng is the name of a town, and during the Ming dynasty, no county was established in this area. Instead, a minority governance agency called Tiānquán (天全六番招讨司) was set up. In 1913, the area was made a county.
40. Yíngjīng is a misreading caused by confusion between two similarly written characters (荣-荥), leading to this modern name. In the Ming dynasty, it was called Róngjīng (荣经县).
41. Fùlín is the name of a town, and in the Ming dynasty, no county was established in this area either. Instead, a minority governance agency called Lízhōu Ānfǔ Sī (黎州安抚司) was set up. It is suggested to rename it to Lízhōu (黎州).
42. Xīnmián is the name of a street, and it did not become a county until 1951. It is suggested that the southern part of #41 be included and renamed Shàijīngguān. This is a Ming dynasty name, though not a county. In the Yi language, it was called Zyt Mop Luo Kuo.
43. Xīnshìbà is the name of a town, and in the Ming dynasty, no county was established in this area. However, a minority governance agency called Zhènxī (镇西后所) was set up nearby. In the Yi language, the name was Jjiepggurx Galo.
44. Yuèchéng is the name of a town, and no county was established in this area during the Ming dynasty. However, a minority governance agency called Yuèxī (越嶲卫) was established. In the Yi language, it was called Vyt Tuo.
45. Guāngmíng is the name of the town. During the Ming Dynasty, this area did not have a county but had an administrative institution for minority areas, Miǎnshānqiáo (冕山桥后所). The Yi language name is Xit Ddop.
46. Chéngxiāng is the name of the town. There was no place name like this in modern times. During the Ming Dynasty, this area did not have a county but had an administrative institution for minority areas nearby, Níngfān (宁番卫). The Yi language name is Mit Yip Rruo Nuo.
47. Bāpǔ is the name of the town. During the Ming Dynasty, this area did not have a county or any administrative institutions. It wasn't until 1952 that Měigū (美姑县) was established here. The modern Yi language name is Moggu.
48. Jǐnchéng is the name of the town. During the Ming Dynasty, this area did not have a county but had an administrative institution for minority areas, Léipō (雷坡司). The Yi language name is Gatlyp Mopbbo.
49. Xīnchéng is the name of the town. During the Ming Dynasty, this area did not have a county or any administrative institutions. It wasn’t until the Qing Dynasty that Zhāojué (昭觉县) was established. The Yi language name is Lipmu Juojjop.
50. Pǔjī is the name of the town. During the Ming Dynasty, this area did not have a county or any administrative institutions. It wasn’t until the Qing Dynasty that Pǔgé (普格寨) emerged. The Yi language name is Pu Jjyt.
51. Dézhōu is the name of the street. During the Ming Dynasty, the county-level name was Déchāng (德昌所). The Yi language name is Dep Cha.
52. Huìdōng did not become a county until 1952. There was no administrative unit in the area during the Ming Dynasty, so the name from the Yuan Dynasty, Jiāngzhōu (姜州), would be more appropriate.
53. Huìlǐ was called Huìchuān during the Yuan and Ming periods.
54. Pānlián is the name of the town. During the Ming Dynasty, it was called Míyì (迷易所).
55. Rùnyán is the name of the town. During the Ming Dynasty, Mǎlǎ (马喇司) was nearby.
56. Gǒngquán is the name of the town. During the Ming Dynasty, the county-level name was Gǒng (珙县).
57. I can’t read what’s written here clearly, but based on spelling, it seems incorrect. During the Ming Dynasty, the county-level name was Xīngwén (兴文县).
58. The location of Wēixìn (威信司) in the Ming Dynasty was further south than modern-day Wēixìn County, so I recommend expanding this location southward.
59. Wūfēng is the name of the street. During the Ming Dynasty, the county-level name was Ānjìng (安静司).
60. Yíliáng was called Guīhuà (归化司) during the Ming Dynasty at the county level.
61. Tāntóu is the name of the township. The county was not established here until 1917. Before that, the earliest known settlement name was from the Qing Dynasty: Yánjǐngdù (盐井渡).
62. Zhěhǎi is the name of the town. During the Ming Dynasty, the county-level name was Gǒng (珙县).
63. Hèzhāng was not an established administrative division during the Ming Dynasty. The earliest known name for a settlement in this area is from the Qing Dynasty, called Hēizhāng (黑章). It was only renamed Hèzhāng in 1942.
64. Shǐguàn’s origin is unclear. A settlement named Wùbǔtáng (务卜塘) only appeared in this vicinity during the Qing Dynasty.
65. Píngyuǎn was a name used in the Qing Dynasty. During the Ming Dynasty, it was called Zhījīn (织金), the same name as the modern county.
66. Qiánxī appeared as a name during the Qing Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, the area had Shuǐxī (水西城), though it wasn’t a county-level division.
67. Yángchǎng is a town's name. In the Ming Dynasty, the area had Jīnjī (金鸡驿), though it wasn’t a county-level division.
68. Jīnshā was not established as a county until 1941. In the Ming Dynasty, the area was called Xióngsuǒzéxī (雄所则溪), though it wasn’t a county-level division.
69. Pánzhōu is a name that only appeared in 1909. During the Ming Dynasty, the county-level name was Pǔān (普安州/普安卫).
70. Pánshuǐ is the name of a street, and during the Ming Dynasty, the county-level name was Xīnxīng (新兴所).
71. Huángcǎo is possibly an erroneous name. The Ming Dynasty name was Huángcǎobà (黄草坝), though it wasn’t a county-level division. This is also the name of a modern town in the area.
72. Xìngrén was a name that appeared in 1914 (and should be read as Xīngrén). In the Ming Dynasty, the county-level name was Xīnchéng (新城所).
73. Ānnán is not incorrect, but it shares the same name with a nearby place (Ānnán Wèi and Ānnán Suǒ). Given naming conventions that omit wei and suo, the two places can’t be distinguished by "Suǒ" or "Wèi." Since this location is also the seat of the nearby Yǒngníng (永宁州), it’s recommended to rename it Yǒngníng.
74. The correct name should be Guānsuǒlǐng (关索岭).
75. Sōngshān is the name of a street, and during the Ming Dynasty, the county-level name was Kāngzuǒ (康佐司).
76. Ānshùn is the name of a prefecture, and the seat was the same as Pǔdìng (普定卫). It should be changed to Nínggǔzhài (宁谷寨司), which is located southeast of this place.
77. Chángzhài is the name of a street, and during the Ming Dynasty, the county-level name was Lúshān (卢山司).
78. Pínghú’s origin is unknown. The Ming Dynasty county-level name was Píngzhōu Liùdòng (平洲六洞司).
79. Sānhé is the name of a street, and the earliest known name for the area is Sānjiǎotún (三脚屯) from the Qing Dynasty.
80. Guìdìng first appeared as a name in 1608. The early Ming Dynasty name was Xīntiān (新添司).
81. Yōngyáng is the name of a street, and during the Ming Dynasty, the county-level name was Cǎotáng (草塘安抚司).
82. Qīngzhèn was a name that appeared in 1687. During the Ming Dynasty, the county-level name was Wēiqīng (威清卫).
83. Yǒngjìng is a town's name, and during the Ming Dynasty, the area had Xīfēng (息烽所), though it wasn’t a county-level division.
84. Kāiyáng was renamed in 1930. From the Ming to the Qing Dynasty, it was called Kāizhōu (开州).
85. Bǐngméi is a town's name (also called Bǐngmèi in the Qing Dynasty, but it should be spelled Bǐngmèi). In the Ming Dynasty, there was a nearby administrative division called Xīshānyángdòng (西山阳洞司).
86. Défèng is the name of a street, and during the Ming Dynasty, the county-level name was Wǔkāi (五开卫).
87. Sānjiāng is the name of a town, and during the Ming Dynasty, the county-level name was Chìxī Nándòng (赤溪湳洞司).
88. Liǔchuān is the name of a town. The area wasn’t an administrative division during the Ming Dynasty, but during the Qing Dynasty, it was called Qīngjiāng (清江厅).
89. Dānjiāng was not an administrative division during the Ming Dynasty. During the Qing Dynasty, it was called Bāzhài (八寨厅).
90. Xīnzhōu is a town's name, and during the Ming Dynasty, the county-level name was Xīnglóng (兴隆卫).
91. Shībǐng’s Ming Dynasty county-level name was Piānqiáo (偏桥卫). It was renamed Shībǐng in the Qing Dynasty, so the modern name does not need to be changed.
92. Tāngshān is the name of a street, and during the Ming Dynasty, the county-level name was Shíqiān (石阡县).
93. Sītáng is the name of a street, and during the Ming Dynasty, the county-level name was Ānhuà (安化县).
94. Yúquán is the name of a street, and during the Ming Dynasty, the county-level name was Méitán (湄潭县).
95. Zūnyì, during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, had the names Wūjiāngguān / Wūjiāngpù (乌江关/乌江铺). The modern city of Zūnyì is not the same settlement as these.
96. Zhōngshū is the name of a street. In the Ming Dynasty, there was Yǒngzhèn (永镇驿) in this area.
97. Èrláng should be Èrlángbà (二郎垻).
98. Chāngyuán is the name of a street, and during the Ming Dynasty, the county-level name was Róngchāng (荣昌县).
99. Lónggǎng is the name of a street, and during the Ming Dynasty, the county-level name was Dàzú (大足县).
100. Yǒngchāng’s Ming Dynasty county-level name was Yǒngchuān (永川县).
101. Bāchuān is the name of a street, and during the Ming Dynasty, the county-level name was Tóngliáng (铜梁县).
102. Héyáng is the name of a street, and during the Ming Dynasty, the county-level name was Héchuān (合川县).
103. Jǐjiāng is the name of a street, and during the Ming Dynasty, the county-level name was Jiāngjīn (江津县).
104. Gǔnán is the name of a street, and during the Ming Dynasty, the county-level name was Qíjiāng (綦江县).
105. Bānán was not an administrative division during the Ming Dynasty. During the Qing Dynasty, there was Bǎijiépù (百节铺). Note that this place is not the same as the Ming and Qing Bāxiàn (巴县), which refers to the modern city of Chongqing.
106. Chóngqìng was the name of a prefecture, and the county seat during both the Ming and Qing Dynasties was Bā (巴县).
107. Lónghuá is the name of a street, and during the Ming Dynasty, the county-level name was Nánchuān (南川县).
108. Xiàngkǒu’s origin is unknown. During the Ming Dynasty, the county-level name was Wǔlóng (武隆县).
109. Hànjiā is the name of a street, and during the Ming Dynasty, the county-level name was Péngshuǐ (彭水县).
110. Liǎnghé’s origin is unknown. During the Ming Dynasty, the county-level name was Qiánjiāng (黔江县).
111. Zhōngduō’s origin is unknown. During the Ming Dynasty, the county-level name was Yǒuyáng (酉阳宣抚司).
112. Zhōnghé is the name of a street, and during the Ming Dynasty, the county-level name was Píngchádòng (平茶洞司). After the 1736 administrative reform, the Qing Dynasty established Xiùshān (秀山县) here.
113. Nánbīn is the name of a street, and during the Ming Dynasty, the county-level name was Shízhù (石柱宣抚司).
114. Míngshān is the name of a street, and during the Ming dynasty, the area's county-level name was Fēngdū (酆都县).
115. Guìxī is the name of a street, and during the Ming dynasty, the area's county-level name was Diànjiāng (垫江县).
116. Wànzhōu was called Wàn (万县) from 1371 to 1997.
117. Hànfēng is the name of a street, and during the Ming dynasty, the area's county-level name was Kāi (开县).
118. Yǒng'ān is the name of a street, and during the Ming dynasty, the area's county-level name was Fèngjié (奉节县).
119. Wūxiá is the name of a town, and during the Ming dynasty, the area's county-level name was Wūshān (巫山县).
120. Yèzhōu is the name of a town, and during the Ming dynasty, the area's county-level name was Jiànshǐ (建始县).
121. Zhúyáng is the name of a street, and during the Ming dynasty, the area's county-level name was Dàzhú (大竹县).
122. Qújiāng is the name of a street, and during the Ming dynasty, the area's county-level name was Qú (渠县).
123. Nuòjiāng is the name of a town, and during the Ming dynasty, the area's county-level name was Tōngjiāng (通江县).
124. Língjiāng is the name of a town, and during the Ming dynasty, the area's county-level name was Cāngxī (苍溪县).
125. Pǔ'ān is the name of a town, and during the Ming dynasty, the area's county-level name was Jiànzhōu (剑州).
126. Lóngān is the name of a prefecture (a large administrative region), and the county under its jurisdiction during the Ming and Qing dynasties was Píngwǔ (平武县).
127. Lóngzhōu is essentially the same as Lóngān. According to historical maps, this area had no county-level administration during the Ming and Qing dynasties. In the Ming dynasty, there was a settlement named Yángliǔ (杨柳乡).
128. Dázhāsì is a temple established in 1663. During the Ming dynasty, the area was called Āxīdòngcù (阿昔洞簇司).
129. Jìn'ān is the name of a town, and during the Ming dynasty, the area's county-level name was Sōngpān (松潘卫).
130. Lúhuā is the name of a town. There was no administrative unit here during the Ming dynasty, but it was called Hēishuǐ (黑水司) during the Qing dynasty.
131. Féngyí is the name of a town, and during the Ming dynasty, the area's county-level name was Màozhōu (茂州).
132. Zágǔ'nǎo is the name of a town, and during the Ming dynasty, the area's county-level name was Bǎo (保县).
133. Mǎěrkāng is a modern name, and during the Ming dynasty, the area's county-level name was Máérzā (麻儿匝安抚司).
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References
Tan, Qixiang, ed. (1996a) [1987], The Historical Atlas of China, vol. 7: The Yuan and Ming Dynasty Period (in Chinese), China Cartographic Publishing House.
Tan, Qixiang, ed. (1996b) [1987], The Historical Atlas of China, vol. 8: The Qing Dynasty Period (in Chinese), China Cartographic Publishing House.

The use of the county seat instead of the county name for the locations is intentional, as the locations are intended to be named after settlements rather than after administrative divisions. But thank you for the feedback, we'll take a look at it too.