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Tinto Maps #6 - 14th of June 2024 - Great Britain & Ireland

Hello everyone. @Pavía and the rest of the Content Design team are busy working on the feedback for the previous Tinto Maps, so I'm standing in for this week.

I'm @SaintDaveUK, some of you might have seen me here and there on the forums, but the long story short is that I work on a very secret game whose name I am contractually obligated to redact. That's right, it's ███████ ██████!

This week you get a double-whammy, mostly because it’s really hard to show Britain on its own on a screenshot. Partly to side-step the “British Isles” naming controversy, but mainly because the gameplay of them both is so different, this part of Europa is divided into 2 distinct regions: Great Britain and Ireland.

Climate​

The mild Oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb) dominates the isles. Where it cools towards the inland Pennines and the Scottish Highlands (Köppen Cfc), we represent it with the wintry and dreich Continental climate.

climate.jpg




Topography​

The isles are dominated by green and pleasant flatlands and low rolling hills, the peripheries punctuated by rocky mountains and craggy highlands.

We would like to add some more impassable locations in northern England and the Scottish borders to make manoeuvres a little more interesting and strategic, but would like suggestions from people more familiar with the Pennines.

[Edit: 16 June added the missing map]

topography.JPG


Vegetation​

The great moors, bogs, and fens are represented by Sparse vegetation, meanwhile much of the land is still wooded.

vegetation.jpg




Raw Materials​

The raw goods situation aims to reflect the economic reality of medieval Britain. Shepherding was common on every corner of the islands, a lot of the wool produced was sold to the industrial hub of the Low Countries to be manufactured into cloth, which was in turn sold back to British markets.

The further north-west we go, the less fertile the terrain, and as such the greater reliance on pastoral farming such as livestock over wheat. The western hills and valleys also expose a greater number of mineral delights, including the historic stannary mines of Devon and Cornwall.

raw_materials.jpg




Markets​

As you can see the two starting markets are London and Dublin. Aside from London we could have chosen almost any town, from Aberdeen to Bristol. We chose Dublin as it was the main trade centre in Ireland, and also because it handsomely splits the isles to the East and West of the Pennines, demonstrating the impact that terrain can have on dynamic Market attraction.

They are both shades of red because they are coloured after the market centre’s top overlord country – market control is a viable playstyle and we like to think of it as a form of map painting for countries not focused on traditional conquest routes.

market.jpg




Culture​

We have decided to go with a monolithic English culture. We could have forced the introduction of a second Northumbrian or even third Mercian culture, but typically they were not really considered separate peoples. The English, though diverse in origin and with a variety of dialects, had already begun to coalesce in the face of the Viking invasions hundreds of years before.

Scotland, conversely, is a real porridge of cultures. The Lowland Scots (who speak a dialect of Northumbrian English that later develops into the Scots language) dominate their kingdom from their wealthy burghs, and are gradually encroaching onto the pastoral lands of the Gaelic Highlanders. The Norse-Gaelic clansmen watch from the Western Isles, with some old settlements remaining around Galloway. The far north, ironically called Sutherland, retains some Norse presence.

Wales, conquered for around a century by this point, plays host to English burghers looking to make a few quid, as well as the descendants of Norman adventurer knights in the marcher lordships, but is still majority Welsh-speaking from Anglesey to Cardiff.

The Anglo-Irish (representing the spectrum from Cambro-Norman knights to the so-called ‘Old English’ settlers) live in great numbers in the south-eastern trading towns from Dublin to Cork, as well as in smaller numbers in frontier outposts.

The cosmopolitan towns across the isles are also home to people from elsewhere in Europe, most notably Flemish weavers from the Low Countries, though their numbers are too small to impact the mapmode.

The Norman ███████ dominates as the ██████████████ for both of the kingdoms and their subjects. The conquest of 1066 is no longer fresh, but the continuing bonds between the aristocratic classes of England, Scotland, and France have kept the French language alive and strong.

culture.jpg






Religion​

I decided that it's not even worth taking a screenshot of the Religion map mode. There are tiny minorities of Jewish people in some Scottish and Irish towns (they had been expelled from England), but they are so small in number they don't even register on the map mode

Other than that, it's all Catholic. But not for long.

> John Wycliffe has entered the chat.


Areas​

Based on the 4 provinces of Ireland (sorry Meath) and splitting England roughly into the larger Anglo-Saxon earldoms which have some similarity with the modern Regions (sorry Yorkshire).

areas.jpg





Provinces​

We have fixed the colours of the Provinces mapmode so you can see the individual provinces a bit more clearly. These are largely based on the historic counties, which have remained fairly constant throughout history, while merging some of those that are too small.

We’ve almost certainly offended someone.

The ancient Scottish shires are pretty messy and difficult to coalesce into neat provinces, so any suggestions for better arrangement there would be very welcome.

provinces.jpg




Locations​


You might notice that the locations in Ireland are varyingly written in both English and in Irish. This is because we have the new system up-and-running where we can name Locations by the primary culture of the country they are owned by.

This means that for example London might be called Londres if it was ruled by a Catalan country. It’s currently a WIP feature and we might add more elements, such as a game setting to base the name on dominant culture of the location instead, or to just use default (English) names.

locations.jpg




Government Types​

As with most of Europe, most of the countries are under some monarchy or another, but the Irish tuathas begin with the Tribe government type. This, among other mechanics such as [redacted] helps to give them a very unique playing style in Europe.

government.jpg


Countries​

England

England of course stands as the dominant kingdom in the isles. Despite having a lot of power resting on the barons, the country is fairly unitary even at this point, with very little practical separation between the crown’s power in somewhere like Kent versus Yorkshire. However there are notable exceptions.

The powerful Burgesses estate in the City of London enjoys ancient freedoms from royal power, while the king peers in from the Crown’s seat of power in neighbouring Westminster.

The County Palatine of Durham is not represented by a country, but buildings that give the Clergy Estate a huge amount of power in the locations it is present in. This also ties into political gameplay as a ██████████ ██████.

The newly created Duchy of Cornwall—the only duchy in England at the time—would also not be represented well by the Cornwall country, being a disparate set of manorial holdings that are ironically mostly in Devon. Cornwall of course exists as a releasable country though.

The Isle of Man is a little less certain. For now we have it as a subject of England. On paper it was a ‘kingdom’ awarded to William Montagu, the king’s favourite, however we aren’t sure if he actually wielded any real power on the isle. It changed hands between England and Scotland numerous times in this period, but in practice it appears to have been governed by a local council of barons. Any more details on exactly what was going on here in this period would be greatly appreciated.

These decisions have been made because as England heaves itself out of the feudal system, we thought it would be best if the small-fry inward-looking internal politicking is handled through the Estates and [redacted] systems, and then the diplomacy tracks are freed up for the English player to behave more outwardly against other major countries.

Wales

Though subjugated by conquest, Wales was not formally annexed into the Kingdom of England until the mid 1500s. As such the principality begins as a Dominion subject under England.

Those familiar with Welsh history will note that historically the Principality of Wales didn’t extend much beyond the old kingdom of Gywnedd. Much of the country to the southeast was in fact ruled by marcher lords, which we represent with a powerful Nobility estate in the valleys and beyond.

There is an alternative vision of Wales that I would like to gauge opinion on, and that is expanding it to include the Earldom of Chester and the marches on the English side of the modern border. If you are an Englishman familiar with modern borders this might look alarming, but these lands were also constitutionally ambiguous parts of the “Welsh Marches” until the 1500s. This will hand over to the Wales player the full responsibility of dealing with the marcher lords, allowing England to focus on bigger picture issues like beating France.

Ireland

Ireland is going through a moment of change. English royal power is centred on the Lordship of the Pale, the king’s Dominion ruling out of Dublin Castle. However, it struggles to keep a grasp on the rebellious Hiberno-Norman earls scattered around the island - some of whom remain as vassals, some of whom have managed to slip free of royal control.

The Tanistry system of succession endemic to the Gaelic Irish has its advantages, but it can also lead to chaotic feuds between rival branches. The so-called Burke Civil War has fractured the powerful Earldom of Ulster into rival Burke cousins who jealously feud over their shrinking lordships in Connaught. Native Irish princes of the north have reconquered most of their own lands from the de Burghs, but there are also two rival O’Neill cousins who style themselves King of Tyrone either side of the River Bann.

The feuding Irish lack a unifying figure, but anyone powerful enough could theoretically claim the title of High King. The former provincial kingdoms, such as Meath and Connacht, enjoy the elevated rank of Duchy, giving them a slight edge in the High Kingship selection.

Scotland

The chancer Edward Balliol continues his attempt for the Scottish throne, with England’s tacit permission. It’s hard to determine the exact lands held by Balliol in 1337, but we know his disinherited loyalists hold the castle of Perth while his English allies had seized large tracts of the lowlands from Bruce. Balliol has also bought the loyalty of the MacDonald and the other Hebridean galley lords by granting them remote land on the west coast of the mainland.

Meanwhile, Scotland’s canny regent Sir Andrew de Moray launches his decisive counterattack as his true king, David II de Bruce, waits in exile in France.

political.jpg


Dynasties​

We know about Plantagenet, Balliol, and Bruce, so I've zoomed in on Ireland to show the ruling dynasties of the various chieftains and earls.

dynasty.jpg


Population​

Excuse the seams and the greyscale mapmode. We have something better in the pipeline...

population_country.jpg
population_location.jpg




Well, thats it for now!

As always the team is eagerly awaiting your feedback and looking forward to the discussions. We’ll try to keep on top of the thread, but we have a teambuilding activity this afternoon so it might be a little more sporadic than usual!

Next week: Anatolia!
 
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Do not know if it has been raised before but Caerloyw (Gloucester) is really low, it should be more to the north where the N and A is in Ddena, since where it is country is bordering on Northern Bristol.
 
Chester, and the counties to the east and west should probably produce salt. the salt they mined, called Liverpool salt from being traded out of that port, was a massively important trade good in the British empire. they made salt in Orissa illegal to produce so they could sell Liverpool salt to India.

Mark kurlansky talks about it at length in his book "salt: a world history".
 
Hi, in your UK map you have 'Southend' as a location, but Southend only existed from the Victorian Era, its' name derived from 'the South End of Prittlewell' (Prittlewell being a small settlement on the Prittle Brook). It makes no sense in the era you are setting this game.

A better name would be either 'Rochford Hundred' or 'Rayleigh', both of which were recorded as nearby settlements in the Domesday book (Rayleigh still has a Bailey Mound from the Norman conquest era).

Alternatively, about 8 miles west of Southend-on-Sea is Benfleet, a Viking settlement where a famous battle between the Anglo-Saxons and the Vikings was fought.
 
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You may be right and maybe split of RGO vs building is done differently from how I see it, but then every coastal location (or inland brine spring) in the world can produce salt with no additional goods input, I find it very strange for the balance.

What I was thinking is that there is a lot of difference, and it comes to resources - I compare it not to Ireland (as I don't know how salt was gathered there) but to other places we've seen in the maps already, being usually large ponds with progressive evaporation or salt marshes. With salinas in warmer climates, there is almost no material input, sun and temperature is making brine stronger to the level where salt is scraped and there is (rather low) work associated with them, mostly to operate sluices and collect salt. They exist is specific places where natural conditions allow for it.
Salt production in the way it was performed in England is not bound by natural conditions, every coastal location can do it - you put water into vats and boil it in the ‘open pan process’. Amount of work that the sun can do it limited and can produce only brine, not salt and amount of fuel that is to be used is getting harder and harder to ignore.
Just going back to this, I think that "every coastal location can do it" isn't really correct. There's a reason why it tended to crop up in certain coastal locations and not others, and one of the primary reasons being fuel. You needed a coastal location with a ready source of cheap fuel nearby, and so still bound by natural conditions. As long as those conditions were met, it didn't require much in the way of infrastructure.
 
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Just going back to this, I think that "every coastal location can do it" isn't really correct. There's a reason why it tended to crop up in certain coastal locations and not others, and one of the primary reasons being fuel. You needed a coastal location with a ready source of cheap fuel nearby, and so still bound by natural conditions. As long as those conditions were met, it didn't require much in the way of infrastructure.
Additionally, colder climates could not effectively produce salt from brine pools. you require low-humidity wind and sun to do so. its why the scandinavians needed so much from the hanseatic league.

salt production should be an RGO, simply as there are clear places where salt was produced, and control of said places was vital in the time period.
 
Some progress on England locations and provinces based on everyone's feedback here. Ignore the obvious errors like ripon and norton being bordered.

View attachment 1149754
This is definitely an improvement when it comes to Essex. Walden is a good addition, and Prittlewell is a more period-accurate name than Southend.

It's a shame that Maldon can't fit in somewhere, though given its real location near to both Colchester and Chelmsford, I see why that's difficult. It does sit in the current Prittlewell location, and was doubtless a more major town than Prittlewell throughout the period - but in the very north of the location, may not feel representative of the area? Though the same applies to Chelmsford, which is in the very easternmost corner of the location, so maybe that's acceptable?

Coming to Prittlewell, I'm not convinced the town was major enough to warrant being a location - but the other nearby towns weren't either, so I see the dilemma. I think Leigh may be the best option, as it can encompass Leigh-on-Sea, Rayleigh, and Hadleigh. Leigh-on-Sea was a minor port town, of similar stature to Prittlewell. Rayleigh had a castle towards the very start of the Project Caesar period, which was soon eclipsed by a castle at nearby Hadleigh.
 
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Suggestions Thread for Wales View attachment 1149001
I apologize that this response may be a bit late, I was on a work trip when this weeks Tinto Maps came out, but I'm absolutely loving the fact that Wales can get some content this time around, so thank you in advance for that! I'll just start off with a few inaccuracies noticed within the current map including historical inaccuracies as well as wrong town/location placements. I'll then note some issues with the actual shape of Wales, mentioning areas which should be inundated as well as coastlines which are misshaped. I'll quickly go on to mention the discrepancies around populations of Wales at the time and then move on to the meat of this post, suggesting alternatives for locations as well as suggesting Wales gets the HRE/Ireland treatment!

Historical Location Inaccuracies:
Aberystwyth did not exist as a settlement at the time the game starts, rather, the settlement of Llanbadarn Fawr was present. It was only after Glyndwr's war ended around 1415 onwards that Aberystwyth is first mentioned as a town/borough by royal decree and a degree of settlement began to arise around the castle.

Many have pointed this out before, but Flint (Fflint) would have been the largest town in the region at the time, not Wrexham (Wrecsam) hence why the historic county was named after the settlement (Flintshire / Sir y Fflint). Wrexham would have been no more than just a village at the time, it only became a town in the late 1300s

Monmouth would not have been the largest settlement in what is now known as Monmouthshire, but rather Grosmont would.
Grosmont having been the third largest town in South Wales at the time of the war of independence, with only Carmarthen and Abergavenny towns being larger. It would make sense with the growth of Monmouth however to be able to rename the location to Monmouth if possible.


Location Discrepancies:
There are 4 location errors in terms of naming and attribution to real life locations.

1.) The town of Cardigan (Aberteifi) is not located within the location called Cardigan.

2.) The town of Fishguard (Abergwaun) is not located within the location called Fishguard.

3.) The town of Montgomery (Trefaldwyn) is not located within the location of Montgomery
It is supposedly is modeled off of the historic county of Montgomeryshire (Sir Drefaldwyn).

4.) The town of Caerphilly (Caerffili) is not in the location of Caerphilly.

Rather it is being shown as being in the Brecon Beacons (Bannau Brycheiniog) approximately 20-30 miles away, which at the time would have been all but uninhabited.


View attachment 1148801
Figure 1: Incorrect locations map


Landmass Issues
Historically inaccurate landmasses:

The canalisation of the dee river and estuary only began in the 1730's, and as such, too much land is attributed to Flintshire (called Wrexham ingame at current) in the shown map (The map shown in this article shows the stages at which this canalised landmass began to emerge). If historic Dutch borders are to be respected with regards to land reclamation extent at the time as shown in the changes to feedback on June 4th, it should also be applied to Wales.

Likewise, the Traeth mawr estuary is not present, its polder was only completed in 1807 (I would highly recommend viewing CambrianChronicles video on the subject).
Just to its south, Harlech castle was actually connected to the ocean, as the flatlands surrounding it to this day did not exist, rather, it is the result of sediment deposit over hundreds of years, at the time all that existed was a spit, which eventually trapped this sediment and landlocked the castle (This is the reason the castle withstood siege after siege so well and as long as it did).


View attachment 1148825View attachment 1148832
Figure 2: Likewise, the coastline as it appears now, vs areas that were actually underwater at the time.

COASTLINES:
The coastline of Ceredigion seems to be very indented and major sections of coastline have been taken out of Anglesey (Ynys Mon), Gwynedd, Pembrokeshire (Sir Benfro), Carmarthenshire (Sir Gâr) and Glamorganshire's (Morgannwg) coastline also.
View attachment 1148825View attachment 1148828
Current coastline shape of Wales vs Areas that are missing from the shape of the coastline shown in white.

(If it were asked, I would be more than happy to do some adjustments on the mapping).


Population density and Errors Attributed to Post Industrial Revolution Migration:
Overpopulated South:
The map shows South Wales as being the most populated region in Wales, though in contemporary times this is true, this is only the direct result of in-migration from other regions of Wales, England and Ireland during the industrial revolution, doubling from 1,163,000 in 1851 to 2,421,000 by 1911.

Need For More Evenly Distributed Population:
At the time of the games start the population of the country was fairly evenly distributed, with mid, North and West Wales housing far larger populations than is shown in-game at current. In fact, Cardiff's population at the time only numbered around 1500-2000 people, as the city only emerged as a port city to offshore coal, however this region is shown to be the most densely populated area in the country.

Though no accurate data as to population densities are possible to find, assistance for better distribution of populations can be found in academic journals surrounding successful market towns, as well as maps which highlight active churches, market towns, boroughs etc.

Meirionydd is said to have had a higher population density in relation to its current population vs the rest of the country at the time

"by the end of the thirteenth century town-ships on marginal land in upland Merioneth had a high population density and the 1306 extent of the bishop of Bangor’s lands suggests the same thing." (AD Carr, 2003)
In the same article, Carr mentions that rural depopulation only really began when the black plague struck in the 1500s.

Justification for more locations:
To assist in justifying an increased amount of locations to help better portray these noted points, it is argued that Wales was as urbanised/densely populated as England at the time, and more so than Ireland, thus an increase in location density to help achieve better representation of these location changes can be justified (Griffiths, 2000).


Production:
In terms of production, theres a few changes that should occur. Coal was not really exploited in the Welsh valleys until the industrial revolution, nor was any significant mining operation present beforehand, though surface level coal did start to be extracted in the 17th century, but was not the primary industry of the region, rather it was used for personal purposes instead of extraction for sale. However an argument could be made for Iron extraction. Given the dense woodlands present, timber or wood would likely be a better resource.

The primary resource of Anglesey and/or Caernarfon could be changed to copper, representing the abundance of resources there, which, though mined in small quantities at the games start, would prove to be the only copper on the island of Great Britain and a valuable resource. However stone represents the slate industry of the region fairly well also.

The Northern Ceredigion region might be better represented by lead or silver over the current wool, as its history is steeped in the mineral galena which contains both. It would mean the province would be the 3rd lead location or the second silver location on the isles of Ireland and GB.

I don't know why Powys was given iron as a resource, as I'm not aware of any iron having been mined at any given time in the county, therefor agricultural produce
would be better suited for the county.




Status of Wales: The Principality and the Marches
I would like to start off by addressing @SaintDaveUK s map and deconstructing it and then providing some constructive criticism. At the start of this time period, Wales was far from united as shown in the images of the last Tinto Maps, though Dave had addressed this and noted it may be possible to show the nature of the marches with more tags, I would absolutely argue that this is a must, after all, if the Irish marcher lordships are shown and Anglo-Irish dominance portrayed accurately, the same treatment should apply to Wales.

I myself have been working on a map of the Welsh marches for quite some time from the period of the Welsh War of Independence, and though not entirely finished yet, it helps identify the boundaries of the marches clearly:


View attachment 1148912
The Welsh Marches during the later half of the 14th century (If it helps, I have the names of all of the owners of each Lordship listed also).

The Principality:
Firstly, I would like to highlight the actual borders of the principality of Wales, which, contrary to popular belief, did not cover all of Wales, but rather incorporated the last vestiges of the independent Welsh regions conquered in 1282. This area was directly controlled by the crown, and as such, the Kingdom of England had far greater control within this region of Wales than other areas occupied and annex during the colonisation period.
View attachment 1148915

The County Palatine of Chester
The County Palatine of Chester at this moment in time operated rather independently of the Kingdom of England with one key caveat. The ruler of the County Palatine was none other than the heir to the Crown of England. Why is this important? Well sizeable portions of the North-East of Wales were annexed directly into the County Palatine as a result of the intended expansion of the three Earldoms of Chester, Hereford and Shrewsbury, rather than into the principality or the Kingdom of England. Lordships such as Hawarden, Flintshire, Mold and Hopedale then became part of the County for a period. As such, these areas were not governed by the crown, but rather as colonial appendages to a semi-independent fiefdom ruled by the heir to the crown, likewise, the heir to the throne had other land holdings in the South of Wales.

This is also critically important as it was part of Owain Glyndwr's justification to annex the three Earldoms of the Marches which includedHereford and Shrewsbury, thus forming the later boundaries of the tripartite indenture.


View attachment 1148920View attachment 1148921

Left: The County Palatine of Chester, Right: Land holdings of the heir to the throne.

Land Holdings of the Mortimer Family
You may have noticed a slightly lighter hue on the map, this hue is the land owned by the Mortimer family, the most powerful lords of the Marches. These individuals played a critical role in Anglo-Norman control over Wales, establishing powerful footholds in areas of Powys and Gwent. Why are these individuals important and what role may they serve if included? Well the Mortimer family had a very strong claim to the throne of England, not only was this utilised to rebel against the crown and join the Glyndwr rising, stipulating that they would split the Kingdom of England between themselves, Glyndwr and Henry Percy (Hotspur), but their landholdings in the Marches also proved themselves to be critical in the Wars of the Roses, proving to be a stronghold and bastion of Yorkist support, thus, if the wars of the roses are modeled, a semi-autonomous Mortimer marcher lordship would prove valuable in providing a base mechanic for Yorkist support, the same could be said for a potential semi-independent County Palatine of Lancaster for any potential Lancastrian claimants.

View attachment 1148922
Mortimer Landholdings.

Other Marcher Lordships:
The other Marcher Lordships proved themselves to be rather autonomous from the crown and Kingdom of England, acting independently in the wars to come, especially during Glyndwr's war of Independence, as it is said that the marcher lords of Powys, Ruthin, Knockin and the Earl of Arundel are all known to have signed truces and treaties of their own at various stages during the war with Glyndwr's forces, having been at the mercy of his large host roaming the country.

View attachment 1148934View attachment 1148937
Left: Other Marcher Lordships held by other Marcher lords not yet mentioned. Right: Lands known to have signed treaties with Glyndwr during the war of Independence.




Suggestions for Alternative Locations:
There are currently 17 locations and one impassable in Wales, compared with 35 locations within Belgium and 84 locations within Ireland, this would provide some justification for a higher location count. The proposed 26 locations as shown here would be roughly on par with Belgium whom, with a landmass of 30,000km2 and a location count of 35 comes out to around 876.8km2 per location, compared to the 798.5km2 per location in Wales as shown below.

And onto the changes:


View attachment 1148962View attachment 1148970View attachment 1148971
1.) The Current set-up as created by @SaintDaveUK 2.) The new layout of Wales as proposed here 3.) New Borders including other portions of the Marches

View attachment 1148972
Special mention: Additionally, the borders of locations which form Chester should be altered to include the panhandle, looking somewhat similar to this last option by the end, though internal sub-divisions of Chester would be up for debate still, I am not delving into that here and the entire County Palatine would not be part of the Welsh marches, only Flintshire and English Maelor would.

I believe that this would allow for far more options of flavour and content for Wales, enabling players to play as individual Marcher lords as well as give Glyndwr's rebellion far more flavour, enabling alliances with the Mortimer realm and truces with the Ardundels and lord of Powys. Whilst this map is not 100% accurate to the borders of the marches, it is accurate enough whilst retaining roughly similar location sizes and enabling better gameplay.

Who controls where?:
View attachment 1148973
Principality of Wales in Dark Red with other crown realms in White (Pembrokeshire) , Arundel Realm in Green , County Palatine and other realms of the Heir of England in Black , Mortimers in Blue , Despensers in Cream █, Lordship of Powys (Baron Charltons) in Yellow , Beauchamps in Light Green (Swansea) , Audleys in Brown and Bohuns in Pink .

Some possible alterations: Of Note, the Hastings family control Pembroke itself up until they died out in 1389, wherein the land reverted to the crown, for simplicity's it may be worth showing Pembrokeshire as entirely crown owned but separate from England itself at games start. Alternatively Narberth could be Mortimer controlled.

Of note, much like the Mortimer lands in blue would be strongholds of Yorkists during the wars of the Roses, lands shown in Black would be Lancastrian strongholds.
What Names Would These Locations Have?
Location Names (First in English and then in Welsh):
View attachment 1149000

1. Anglesey / Ynys Mon
2. Carnarvon / Caernarfon
3. Denbigh/ Dinbych
4. Flint / Fflint
5. Llangollen / Llangollen (Spawning point for Glyndwr's war of Independence, paternal inherited lands)
6. Corwen / Corwen (Spawning point for Glyndwr's war of Independence, paternal inherited lands)
7. Harlech / Harlech
8. Machynlleth / Machynlleth
9. Llanbadarn Fawr/ Llanbadarn Fawr
10. Montgomery / Drefaldwyn
11. Presteigne / Llanandras
12. Cardigan / Aberteifi (Spawning point for Glyndwr's war of Independence, maternal inherited lands)
13. Builth / Buellt
14. Carmarthen / Caerfyrddin
15. Llandovery / Llanymddyfri
16. Brecon / Aberhonddu
17. Fishguard / Abergwaun
18. Pembroke / Penfro (Spawning point for any Tudor rebellion)
(Important shape, follows the Landsker Line, see Culture section next for reason)
19. Narberth / Arberth
20. Kidwelly / Cydweli
21. Swansea / Abertawe
22. Neath / Castell-Nedd
23. Caerphilly / Caerffili
24. Cardiff / Caerdydd
25. Caldicot / Cil-y-coed
26. Grosmont / Y Grysmwnt (Later Monmouth / Trefynwy if possible)


Regarding Cultures: View attachment 1149001View attachment 1149027View attachment 1149028

English Colonies (Anglo-Norman)
@SaintDaveUK rightly notes that there was a degree of English colonisation, however, the colonisation shown isnt all that accurate, as it's likely shown as being too much. Almost all English colonists were within the walls of Castle Boroughs centered settlement such as Caernarfon, Cardiff, Pembroke, Cardigan, Aberystwyth, Flint, Conwy, Monmouth and so on, but their presence was minimal on the region itself, only making notable minorities in Monmouthshire and Flintshire, outside of castle walls, any rural colonists were almost all assimilated within 2 generations.

Flemish Colonies (Pembrokeshire)
The most notable missed part when it comes to culture is the presence of Dutch speaking Flemings in Pembrokeshire and Ceredigion. Though again they would not constitute anywhere near enough to be represented in Cardigan as a whole. They did however become the majority in places like Rhos (now Rhoose). At the start of the game, these Flemish colonies were already well established for 200 years following their relocation after 1107 likely having been mercenaries who fought for the Normans during 1066.

"We now understand that most of the Flemings who came to Pembrokeshire around the year 1107 at the invitation of Henry I did not come directly from the continent. They were, in fact, already settled by the English king to strengthen his border with Scotland in pockets of Northumbria and Yorkshire and possibly Scotland itself. Lauran Toorians, in his article on Flemish settlement in Pembrokeshire, tends to dismiss inundation of the Low Countries as the main reason for emigration of its people and talks of their leaders (locators) being required to resettle a number of them in this part of Wales and this was for a specific purpose."

‘…a certain folk of strange origin and customs, I know not where they had lain concealed in the island for such a length of years, were sent by King Henry to the land of Dyfed. And that folk seized the whole cantref of Rhos near the estuary of the river called Cleddyf, (sic) after having completely driven hence the inhabitants.’

Importantly, the Anglo-Norman colony in Cardigan is noted as Glyndwr burned down Anglo-Norman settlements to draw out the Anglo-Flemish host from Cardigan and Southern Pembrokeshire during the war of independence before the Battle of Hyddgen in 1401.

Welsh Vestiges in England
Conversely, on the English side of the border, major parts of the Marches which now constitute English territory had sizeable Welsh minorities, including the lordship of Clun, which was almost entirely Welsh and Lydham and Lydbury which were mixed English and Welsh. Similarly, Oswestry (Croesoswallt) holds a not so insignificant Welsh minority up to this day, with discussions in recent decades, serious or not about its incorporation into Wales. One need only look at settlements over the border on Google maps to spot a few places still toting their original Welsh names to this day in both Herefordshire and Shropshire. In what was once the Welsh Kingdom of Ergyng, but at this period in history was known as Archenfield (See image below). The region of Archenfield itself remained fairly Welsh speaking until as late as the 1750's. It had also been rumored for centuries that Glyndwr died in Archenfield amongst his family and Welsh Kinsmen following the failure of the war.
View attachment 1149035
The region of Archenfield / Ergyng.


Potential new Culture map?
Lastly, below is what could be done with the cultures of the proposed new Locations within Wales given the information now known, more reflective of the history of the nation and its borderlands within the context of Anglo-Norman and Flemish settlement during the period of the Marches.
View attachment 1149012View attachment 1149019
1. SaintDave's Map Welsh English 2. Potential new Culture Map Welsh English Flemish


Happy to help in anyway I can, just happy to see this part of Welsh history finally see the light of day!
I thought I'd do a little update with some further suggestions and minor changes within Wales but also the border regions for better gameplay and flavour.

First, in talking with some over these forums and in PMs, I feel there's enough justification to add 4 more locations to better split up Wales and make the area more uniform in location size. These areas would be Conwy, Ruthin, Welshpool and Crickhowell. (You may notice some slight border changes too as well as locations for Chester, I'll explain later). However I'm aware this may start bringing Wales to too many locations, on the other hand, these changes would bring Wales on par with the location density in the province of Leinster in Ireland, these changes would also make the location sizes within Wales fairly similar to each other and bring some air of evenness to it.

4 New Locations: Conwy, Ruthin, Welshpool and Crickhowell.
1719158198082.png


1. Conwy - Split from Caernarfon
Conwy was a hugely important location in Wales at the time as well as the rest of the island, playing a critical role in Glyndwrs war of Independence, having been captured by only 2 men at the start of the war in 1401, the noblemen Rhys ap Tudur and his brother Gwilym (related to the Tudors who used the anglicized form of the family name who were also Glyndwrs cousins) who pretended to be carpenters seeking to repair the gate, only to kill the watchmen and let Glyndwr's army in (Would make for a brilliant event to pop up for the Welsh player during the war of Independence).

During the Wars of the Roses, though not the sight of actual fighting, served as a logistical hub for battles undertaken in the Marches. The Castle was also heavily damaged during the civil wars as well as, initially being held by Royalists, the castle and location was then taken by Parliamentarians in August 1646.


2. Ruthin - Split from Llangollen
Long one, sorry.
Ruthin is very important during this time period, though only a small lordship, the single lord of this demesne managed to incite the Welsh War of Independence led by Glyndwr almost singlehandedly, with the war starting out initially as personal rivalry between Glyndwr and Reynold Grey, 3rd Baron Grey of Ruthin, who having seized some of Glyndwr's estates in the neighbouring principality, utilised his support and leverage with the new King Henry IV as a member of his Kings council to plead his case, which was previously found in favour of Glyndwr under Richard II.

Following this, whilst the legal litigation surrounding the disputed lands continued, a war in Scotland broke out. Grey was charged with gathering the levies in the Northern Marches, but purposefully neglected to inform Glyndwr of the raising of the levies. Glyndwr was thus late to the summons and branded a traitor and his lands confiscated until he could prove his loyalty. Glyndwr took up arms on the 16th of September 1400 as a result, wherein he was proclaimed Prince of Wales by his followers, proceeding to burn down De Grey's landholdings and castles, followed up by attacks on Denbigh, Rhuddlan, Flint, Hawarden, Holt, Oswestry and Welshpool in quick succession before being beaten at the battle of Lake Vyrnwy north of Welshpool/Y Trallwng on the 24th by Hugh Burnell.
1719159092969.png


Following this, De Grey staged a false reconciliation meeting with Glyndwr at his estate in Glandyfrdwy. Supposedly insinuating to Glyndwr that he would only bring a retinue of 30 men, DeGrey hid a force in the nearby forest, only for this to be noticed by Glyndwr and his men, who rightly deemed the event to be a trap. Though surrounded, Glyndwr escaped and laid low for months, gathering men in secret throughout the North of Wales before launching the primary phase of the war of independence during the 1401 campaign. Glyndwr would later capture the Lordship of Ruthin later in 1402, capturing Baron DeGrey in the process and ransoming him off for 10,000 Marks, approximately £5,062,717 today adjusted for inflation.

The borders I've shown here are the lordship of Ruthin as well as the westernmost portion of the marcher lordship of Bromfield and Yale, on the same side of the Clwydian mountain range as Ruthin. Though it would be preferable to keep the borders of the marches as historical as possible, this would allow for more even location sizes as well as the possibility for impassable terrains along the Clwyd range.


3. Welshpool - Split from Machynlleth
Rather than Machynlleth which, though nationally important at the time, as can be seen by Glyndwr holding his Parliament here, Welshpool was actually the seat of power in the Kingdom Powys and the later Lordship of Powys. Following the fall of Mathrafal in 1212 during the many wars intended to annex Wales, Welshpool became the seat of power for the House of Mathrafal, who would retain nominal power via the rump lordship of Powys carved out of the former Kingdom of Powys, fielding loyalty to the English crown. Glyndwr would later go on to ransack the town, leading to a truce with the Marcher Lordship. A new Welshpool location would also allow for more dynamic impassables in the region.


4. Crickhowell - Split from Brecon
The area referred to as Crickhowell here would actually have made up the Lordship of Blaenllyfni as well as some appendages of the Lordship of Brecon in the North West, though held by the same family, the lordships were separate. Power was held in Blaenllyfni castle until the start date itself, wherein an inquisition by jury found the castle defences to be ruinous following the Despencer wars, thus, the seat of power in the lordship was transfered to Crickhowell, which would later go on to play major roles in Welsh history (After the Mortimers were beaten during the war of independence however, I am not 100% sure, but Crickhowell may well have returned to the hands of the Lordship of Brecon sometime after 1405). Notably, this new location would further increase the power of the Mortimer family, as well as allow for a more unified landholding presented ingame as well as allow for the Stafford Holdings to be shown.


Who owns what now? (Before and After):
1719161203010.png
1719161254285.png

Orange = Stafford (Lordship of Gwynllwg, location = Caldicot)
Light Blue = De Grey (Lordship of Ruthin, location = Ruthin)

With the Mortimer realm expanded in mid Wales, its possible to take their location of Caldicot and give it to the Staffords, who owned the neighbouring and larger lordship of Gwynllwg (Now Newport) highlighted in Orange. Likewise, the Arundel realm is somewhat shrunk but better represented now, with the DeGrey's of Ruthin controlling the location and lordship of Ruthin (potentially now enabling events related to Glyndwr's war of independence).

There were two mistakes in Pembrokeshire, namely, Narberth was owned and controlled by the Mortimer family at the time. Secondly, the lordship of Pembrokeshire should only own territory south of the Landsker line. What is now Preseli Pembrokeshire (North) comprised of two lordships at the time, Cemaes and Pebidiog, however without splitting down too much, by merging the two into one location, the area should fall into the hands of the Audley family who currently control Cantref Bychan in Brown and controlled the lordship of Cemaes.

Some minor border changes can be noted too, mainly with the border region between Wales and England to better represent the actual line of the border, but most notably is the Dyfi Estuary, this estuary should properly be represented ingame, as no army could ford the estuary, rather, if travelling from Gwynedd to Ceredigion or vice versa, armies were necessitated to march into Powys first, near Machynlleth to circumnavigate the estuary (See the map below for better visualisation, Powys in Yellow, Principality regions uncoloured).

1719161832708.png

The Dyfi Estuary, with Gwynedd in the North, Powys in the East and Ceredigion in the South.

Changes in The Kingdom of England?
I am in no way as versed in English counties as I am in Welsh counties, however, I feel these locations which are adherent to the Domesday hundreds as well as the Domesday counties would improve location size, shape as well as density within the border regions. Any comments or discussions related to it are very welcome however!

1719181447591.png

Black = Previously Mentioned. Blue = Chester, locations shown next.

1. Shrewsbury
2. Wellington
(Now part of Telford, used to be the primary location here, even had a hundred named after it)
3. Ludlow
4. Bridgenorth
5. Wigmore
6. Hereford
7. Ewyas
8. St Braviels
or Westbury
(Not Dean, St Braviels was likely the most important location at the time, favourite hunting lodge of many Kings as well as the primary arrow making settlement in England).
9. Malvern
(Malvern may be a bit too long, it could be argued that it may need to be separated in two).
10. Kidderminster
11. Worcester
12. Gloucester
13. Winchcombe
14. Cirencester
15. Berkeley
16. Bristol


Changes in the County Palatine of Chester?
1719181604806.png

Black = Previously Mentioned.

1. Willaston
2. Chester
3. Rushton
4. Bucklow
5. Macclesfield
6. Middlewich
7. Acton

The boundaries of these suggested locations adhere to a certain extent to the borders of one or more hundreds from the 1086 domesday book, the borders of which were maintained for centuries in most instances one way or the other. These locations also allow for a plethora of different options also, including the accurate borders of English counties (Image 1), Glyndwr's Wales as per the Tripartite agreement (Image 2.) as well as to shaping the wars of the roses better (Image 3, House of York in Blue, same as Mortimers before and House of Lancaster in Red).

1719182968289.png
1719182992877.png
1719183012254.png
 
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I thought I'd do a little update with some further suggestions and minor changes within Wales but also the border regions for better gameplay and flavour.

First, in talking with some over these forums and in PMs, I feel there's enough justification to add 4 more locations to better split up Wales and make the area more uniform in location size. These areas would be Conwy, Ruthin, Welshpool and Crickhowell. (You may notice some slight border changes too as well as locations for Chester, I'll explain later). However I'm aware this may start bringing Wales to too many locations, on the other hand, these changes would bring Wales on par with the location density in the province of Leinster in Ireland, these changes would also make the location sizes within Wales fairly similar to each other and bring some air of evenness to it.

4 New Locations: Conwy, Ruthin, Welshpool and Crickhowell.
View attachment 1152357

1. Conwy - Split from Caernarfon
Conwy was a hugely important location in Wales at the time as well as the rest of the island, playing a critical role in Glyndwrs war of Independence, having been captured by only 2 men at the start of the war in 1401, the noblemen Rhys ap Tudur and his brother Gwilym (related to the Tudors who used the anglicized form of the family name who were also Glyndwrs cousins) who pretended to be carpenters seeking to repair the gate, only to kill the watchmen and let Glyndwr's army in (Would make for a brilliant event to pop up for the Welsh player during the war of Independence).

During the Wars of the Roses, though not the sight of actual fighting, served as a logistical hub for battles undertaken in the Marches. The Castle was also heavily damaged during the civil wars as well as, initially being held by Royalists, the castle and location was then taken by Parliamentarians in August 1646.


2. Ruthin - Split from Llangollen
Long one, sorry.
Ruthin is very important during this time period, though only a small lordship, the single lord of this demesne managed to incite the Welsh War of Independence led by Glyndwr almost singlehandedly, with the war starting out initially as personal rivalry between Glyndwr and Reynold Grey, 3rd Baron Grey of Ruthin, who having seized some of Glyndwr's estates in the neighbouring principality, utilised his support and leverage with the new King Henry IV as a member of his Kings council to plead his case, which was previously found in favour of Glyndwr under Richard II.

Following this, whilst the legal litigation surrounding the disputed lands continued, a war in Scotland broke out. Grey was charged with gathering the levies in the Northern Marches, but purposefully neglected to inform Glyndwr of the raising of the levies. Glyndwr was thus late to the summons and branded a traitor and his lands confiscated until he could prove his loyalty. Glyndwr took up arms on the 16th of September 1400 as a result, wherein he was proclaimed Prince of Wales by his followers, proceeding to burn down De Grey's landholdings and castles, followed up by attacks on Denbigh, Rhuddlan, Flint, Hawarden, Holt, Oswestry and Welshpool in quick succession before being beaten at the battle of Lake Vyrnwy north of Welshpool/Y Trallwng on the 24th by Hugh Burnell.
View attachment 1152364

Following this, De Grey staged a false reconciliation meeting with Glyndwr at his estate in Glandyfrdwy. Supposedly insinuating to Glyndwr that he would only bring a retinue of 30 men, DeGrey hid a force in the nearby forest, only for this to be noticed by Glyndwr and his men, who rightly deemed the event to be a trap. Though surrounded, Glyndwr escaped and laid low for months, gathering men in secret throughout the North of Wales before launching the primary phase of the war of independence during the 1401 campaign. Glyndwr would later capture the Lordship of Ruthin later in 1402, capturing Baron DeGrey in the process and ransoming him off for 10,000 Marks, approximately £5,062,717 today adjusted for inflation.

The borders I've shown here are the lordship of Ruthin as well as the westernmost portion of the marcher lordship of Bromfield and Yale, on the same side of the Clwydian mountain range as Ruthin. Though it would be preferable to keep the borders of the marches as historical as possible, this would allow for more even location sizes as well as the possibility for impassable terrains along the Clwyd range.


3. Welshpool - Split from Machynlleth
Rather than Machynlleth which, though nationally important at the time, as can be seen by Glyndwr holding his Parliament here, Welshpool was actually the seat of power in the Kingdom Powys and the later Lordship of Powys. Following the fall of Mathrafal in 1212 during the many wars intended to annex Wales, Welshpool became the seat of power for the House of Mathrafal, who would retain nominal power via the rump lordship of Powys carved out of the former Kingdom of Powys, fielding loyalty to the English crown. Glyndwr would later go on to ransack the town, leading to a truce with the Marcher Lordship. A new Welshpool location would also allow for more dynamic impassables in the region.


4. Crickhowell - Split from Brecon
The area referred to as Crickhowell here would actually have made up the Lordship of Blaenllyfni as well as some appendages of the Lordship of Brecon in the North West, though held by the same family, the lordships were separate. Power was held in Blaenllyfni castle until the start date itself, wherein an inquisition by jury found the castle defences to be ruinous following the Despencer wars, thus, the seat of power in the lordship was transfered to Crickhowell, which would later go on to play major roles in Welsh history (After the Mortimers were beaten during the war of independence however, I am not 100% sure, but Crickhowell may well have returned to the hands of the Lordship of Brecon sometime after 1405). Notably, this new location would further increase the power of the Mortimer family, as well as allow for a more unified landholding presented ingame as well as allow for the Stafford Holdings to be shown.


Who owns what now? (Before and After):
View attachment 1152372View attachment 1152373

Orange = Stafford (Lordship of Gwynllwg, location = Caldicot)
Light Blue = De Grey (Lordship of Ruthin, location = Ruthin)

With the Mortimer realm expanded in mid Wales, its possible to take their location of Caldicot and give it to the Staffords, who owned the neighbouring and larger lordship of Gwynllwg (Now Newport) highlighted in Orange. Likewise, the Arundel realm is somewhat shrunk but better represented now, with the DeGrey's of Ruthin controlling the location and lordship of Ruthin (potentially now enabling events related to Glyndwr's war of independence).

There were two mistakes in Pembrokeshire, namely, Narberth was owned and controlled by the Mortimer family at the time. Secondly, the lordship of Pembrokeshire should only own territory south of the Landsker line. What is now Preseli Pembrokeshire (North) comprised of two lordships at the time, Cemaes and Pebidiog, however without splitting down too much, by merging the two into one location, the area should fall into the hands of the Audley family who currently control Cantref Bychan in Brown and controlled the lordship of Cemaes.

Some minor border changes can be noted too, mainly with the border region between Wales and England to better represent the actual line of the border, but most notably is the Dyfi Estuary, this estuary should properly be represented ingame, as no army could ford the estuary, rather, if travelling from Gwynedd to Ceredigion or vice versa, armies were necessitated to march into Powys first, near Machynlleth to circumnavigate the estuary (See the map below for better visualisation, Powys in Yellow, Principality regions uncoloured).

View attachment 1152375

The Dyfi Estuary, with Gwynedd in the North, Powys in the East and Ceredigion in the South.

Changes in The Kingdom of England?
I am in no way as versed in English counties as I am in Welsh counties, however, I feel these locations which are adherent to the Domesday hundreds as well as the Domesday counties would improve location size, shape as well as density within the border regions. Any comments or discussions related to it are very welcome however!

View attachment 1152485
Black = Previously Mentioned. Blue = Chester, locations shown next.

1. Shrewsbury
2. Wellington
(Now part of Telford, used to be the primary location here, even had a hundred named after it)
3. Ludlow
4. Bridgenorth
5. Wigmore
6. Hereford
7. Ewyas
8. St Braviels
or Westbury
(Not Dean, St Braviels was likely the most important location at the time, favourite hunting lodge of many Kings as well as the primary arrow making settlement in England).
9. Malvern
(Malvern may be a bit too long, it could be argued that it may need to be separated in two).
10. Kidderminster
11. Worcester
12. Gloucester
13. Winchcombe
14. Cirencester
15. Berkeley
16. Bristol


Changes in the County Palatine of Chester?
View attachment 1152486
Black = Previously Mentioned.

1. Willaston
2. Chester
3. Rushton
4. Bucklow
5. Macclesfield
6. Middlewich
7. Acton

The boundaries of these suggested locations adhere to a certain extent to the borders of one or more hundreds from the 1086 domesday book, the borders of which were maintained for centuries in most instances one way or the other. These locations also allow for a plethora of different options also, including the accurate borders of English counties (Image 1), Glyndwr's Wales as per the Tripartite agreement (Image 2.) as well as to shaping the wars of the roses better (Image 3, House of York in Blue, same as Mortimers before and House of Lancaster in Red).

View attachment 1152491View attachment 1152492View attachment 1152493
Do you have any idea of how the political map would look like if the "English" side of the Marches were also on-map tags? Obviously it makes sense to put Chester on the map, but don't Hereford and Shropshire have significant independence as marcher Lordships during this time?
 
Do you have any idea of how the political map would look like if the "English" side of the Marches were also on-map tags? Obviously it makes sense to put Chester on the map, but don't Hereford and Shropshire have significant independence as marcher Lordships during this time?
Everything apart from what was shown in the maps as being part of the marches or Chester in the first post should be a part of the Kingdom of England. Though the marches were founded by the earls of Herefordshire, Shropshire and Cheshire in their expansion westwards, they were not autonomous and rather acted like every other nobleman subject to the authority of the crown.

The only reason that Cheshire (County Palatine of Chester) differs is because it was converted into a County Palatine specifically to counter threats in the region via increased autonomy to tackle logistical problems surrounding distances from key strategic locations, troubles Herefordshire and Shropshire had less of due to their proximity to the built up areas of England at the time as far as I recall, thus the earls of Herefordshire and Shropshire were not afforded similar liberties. The rest of Herefordshire and Shropshire should just fall under the Kingdom of England, they had far far less autonomy (or at least no where near the degree that the marches and County Palatines had).
 
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Hopefully the devs are still checking this thread, otherwise I'll feel a little silly!

We've had people go through pretty much all of Britain and suggest changes, and whilst we've had attention to details we've not really had the top-down peer review for the setup for Ireland. I thought I'd try that, going north to south.

Ulster:
First of all, the boundaries of the Cúige have changed over the years, but at this point in time County Cavan was considered part of Breifne, and thus Connaught. Likewise, Louth would still be considered part of Oriel and thus Ulster until the Pale became a formalised entity and not just whatever parts of the Lordship of Ireland England could still control. I could see the case for including/excluding either. What I think is probably just a mistake is including Belcoo/Béal Cú in Connaught - it was an integral part of Fermanagh and thus should be part of Ulster.

The provinces work well for the most part - in accordance with the revised boundaries of Ulster I'd suggest grouping Monaghan, Louth, and Armagh as "Oriel", given that they're all small counties that share a political history together as parts of Airgialla. This leaves a rump Down province, but adding a new location (the only one I think is really 100% necessary to add for this part of Ireland) means it's still big enough.

As for location names, there's consistent inconsistency across Ireland as to whether they're named after towns or baronies - I would suggest the former for consistency, and have provided names for each in English and Irish.

Provinces:

Donegal/Dún na nGall:
Donegal/Dún na nGall
Letterkenny/Leitir Ceanainn (formerly named for the barony Kilmacrenan)
Buncrana/Bun Cranncha (main fortress of the O'Dohertys, formerly named for the region Inishowen)

Derry/Doire:
(Province is slightly anachronistic - could alternatively merge with Tyrone in exchange for Fermanagh merging with Donegal as "Tyrconnell", but nbd either way)
Derry/Doire
Coleraine/Cúil Raithin
Magherafelt/Machaire Fíolta

Oriel/Oirialla:
Monaghan/Muineachán
Inniskeen/Inis Caoin (name is illegible but this was the only sizeable town in South Monaghan, the rest all date from at least the 16th century)
Armagh/Ard Mhacha
Newry/An Iúraigh (previously named for the much larger region of Oriel)
Dundalk/Dún Dealgan (A strategically important fortress since at least the 12th century, key to the defence of the Pale and future county town, much more relevant than Ardee.)

Tyrone/Tír Eoghain:
Dungannon/Dún Geanainn
Clogher/Clochar
Strabane/An Srath Bán
Lisnaskea/Lios na Scéithe (current location of Enniskillen would not be built until 1428 - this was the seat of the Maguires until then)
Belcoo/Béal Cú

Down/Dúin:
Newtownards/Baile Nua na hArda (New location, designed to show the split between English-controlled Downpatrick and Clandeboye-controlled northern County Down)
Downpatrick/Dún Pádraig
Rathfriland/Ráth Fraoileann (Seat of the Magennises of Iveagh, renamed from the regional name of "Iveagh")

Antrim/Aontroim:
Belfast/Béal Feirste
Carrickfergus/Carraig Fhearghais
Antrim/Aontroim (Ballymena would only gain relevance when plantations began - I've repurposed this province for the historic county town, which predates it)
Glenarm/Gleann Arma (Has been reshaped to match the boundaries of the Glens of Antrim. Glenarm in particular is the oldest town in Ulster but the name change is optional.)
Dunluce/Dún Libhse (New province designed to represent the Route, the last remaining holdout of the Ulster Earldom on the north coast of Ireland)

Political setup:
New tags:

The O'Cahans (Ó Cathaín) of Keenaght (Cianachta) - vassals of Tyrone. I could not find any evidence of the O'Doherties expanding outside the peninsula of Inishowen, and the fact that owning Derry makes them significantly outnumber their overlords in Tyrconnell is pretty ridiculous. The O'Cahans are attested in the barony of Keenaght (between Derry and Coleraine) from at least the 12th century and would grow to control Derry and Coleraine by at least the beginning of the 15th century, and were long-time thorns in the side of the lords of the Route.

The Bissetts of the Glens, a Gaelicised Norman clan that had deep connections with Scotland, and who had extremely close ties to the MacDonalds of the Isles. Could be either represented as an English vassal (their lands were granted back to them by the English King in 1338 after being temporarily confiscated) or as independent.

The Magennises (Mac Aonghusa) of Iveagh (Uíbh Eachach). Chiefs of Iveagh in southern Ulster since the 12th century, they would claim the title of King of Ulster.

Other border changes: Whilst the Earldom of Ulster collapsed in 1333, the English barons subject to the Earl still held Downpatrick and the Route - I would give them to Ulster but with some severe maluses to represent the loss of control.

If Loughinisholin/Magherafelt wasn't yet in the hands of the Clandeboye (which was still in the process of being established in 1337) it would be by 1350 - I've given it to them for the time being.

I'm not 100% sure on the status of County Armagh at this time - the O'Neills wouldn't take the Fews (represented by Newry here) for another century but I can't find hard evidence of the MacMahon's controlling it in 1337, so I've left it as-is.

I'll be back later with the rest of the island - Connaught next!
 

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Donegal/Dhún na nGall: Dún na nGall
Donegal/Dhún na nGall Dún na nGall



Newry/An Iúraigh (previously named for the much larger region of Oriel) Iubhair Chinn Trágha or An Iubhair or sometimes just Iubhair in this period.


Down/Dúin: An Dún


(Ó Cathaín)
Ó Catháin
Some good suggestions here, made a few of them myself already, just corrected a few spellings in case they're taken on board.
 
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I do hope Paradox fixes the coastlines. They've already been mentioned here numerous times so I'm not gonna repeat it. But I just want to emphasise Dorset's coastline.
1719242368240.png

1719242501843.png
 
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I do hope Paradox fixes the coastlines. They've already been mentioned here numerous times so I'm not gonna repeat it. But I just want to emphasise Dorset's coastline.
View attachment 1152781
View attachment 1152783
I agree, Portland is almost certainly too small to be a separate location but it ought to be on the map nonetheless, even if it is just as part of the nearest coastal location.
 
Hopefully the devs are still checking this thread, otherwise I'll feel a little silly!

We've had people go through pretty much all of Britain and suggest changes, and whilst we've had attention to details we've not really had the top-down peer review for the setup for Ireland. I thought I'd try that, going north to south.

Ulster:
First of all, the boundaries of the Cúige have changed over the years, but at this point in time County Cavan was considered part of Breifne, and thus Connaught. Likewise, Louth would still be considered part of Oriel and thus Ulster until the Pale became a formalised entity and not just whatever parts of the Lordship of Ireland England could still control. I could see the case for including/excluding either. What I think is probably just a mistake is including Belcoo/Béal Cú in Connaught - it was an integral part of Fermanagh and thus should be part of Ulster.

The provinces work well for the most part - in accordance with the revised boundaries of Ulster I'd suggest grouping Monaghan, Louth, and Armagh as "Oriel", given that they're all small counties that share a political history together as parts of Airgialla. This leaves a rump Down province, but adding a new location (the only one I think is really 100% necessary to add for this part of Ireland) means it's still big enough.

As for location names, there's consistent inconsistency across Ireland as to whether they're named after towns or baronies - I would suggest the former for consistency, and have provided names for each in English and Irish.

Provinces:

Donegal/Dhún na nGall:
Donegal/Dhún na nGall
Letterkenny/Leitir Ceanainn (formerly named for the barony Kilmacrenan)
Buncrana/Bun Cranncha (main fortress of the O'Dohertys, formerly named for the region Inishowen)

Derry/Doire:
(Province is slightly anachronistic - could alternatively merge with Tyrone in exchange for Fermanagh merging with Donegal as "Tyrconnell", but nbd either way)
Derry/Doire
Coleraine/Cúil Raithin
Magherafelt/Machaire Fíolta

Oriel/Oirialla:
Monaghan/Muineachán
Inniskeen/Inis Caoin (name is illegible but this was the only sizeable town in South Monaghan, the rest all date from at least the 16th century)
Armagh/Ard Mhacha
Newry/An Iúraigh (previously named for the much larger region of Oriel)
Dundalk/Dún Dealgan (A strategically important fortress since at least the 12th century, key to the defence of the Pale and future county town, much more relevant than Ardee.)

Tyrone/Tír Eoghain:
Dungannon/Dún Geanainn
Clogher/Clochar
Strabane/An Srath Bán
Lisnaskea/Lios na Scéithe (current location of Enniskillen would not be built until 1428 - this was the seat of the Maguires until then)
Belcoo/Béal Cú

Down/Dúin:
Newtownards/Baile Nua na hArda (New location, designed to show the split between English-controlled Downpatrick and Clandeboye-controlled northern County Down)
Downpatrick/Dún Pádraig
Rathfriland/Ráth Fraoileann (Seat of the Magennises of Iveagh, renamed from the regional name of "Iveagh")

Antrim/Aontroim:
Belfast/Béal Feirste
Carrickfergus/Carraig Fhearghais
Antrim/Aontroim (Ballymena would only gain relevance when plantations began - I've repurposed this province for the historic county town, which predates it)
Glenarm/Gleann Arma (Has been reshaped to match the boundaries of the Glens of Antrim. Glenarm in particular is the oldest town in Ulster but the name change is optional.)
Dunluce/Dún Libhse (New province designed to represent the Route, the last remaining holdout of the Ulster Earldom on the north coast of Ireland)

Political setup:
New tags:

The O'Cahans (Ó Cathaín) of Keenaght (Cianachta) - vassals of Tyrone. I could not find any evidence of the O'Doherties expanding outside the peninsula of Inishowen, and the fact that owning Derry makes them significantly outnumber their overlords in Tyrconnell is pretty ridiculous. The O'Cahans are attested in the barony of Keenaght (between Derry and Coleraine) from at least the 12th century and would grow to control Derry and Coleraine by at least the beginning of the 15th century, and were long-time thorns in the side of the lords of the Route.

The Bissetts of the Glens, a Gaelicised Norman clan that had deep connections with Scotland, and who had extremely close ties to the MacDonalds of the Isles. Could be either represented as an English vassal (their lands were granted back to them by the English King in 1338 after being temporarily confiscated) or as independent.

The Magennises (Mac Aonghusa) of Iveagh (Uíbh Eachach). Chiefs of Iveagh in southern Ulster since the 12th century, they would claim the title of King of Ulster.

Other border changes: Whilst the Earldom of Ulster collapsed in 1333, the English barons subject to the Earl still held Downpatrick and the Route - I would give them to Ulster but with some severe maluses to represent the loss of control.

If Loughinisholin/Magherafelt wasn't yet in the hands of the Clandeboye (which was still in the process of being established in 1337) it would be by 1350 - I've given it to them for the time being.

I'm not 100% sure on the status of County Armagh at this time - the O'Neills wouldn't take the Fews (represented by Newry here) for another century but I can't find hard evidence of the MacMahon's controlling it in 1337, so I've left it as-is.

I'll be back later with the rest of the island - Connaught next!

central ireland.png

Yellow stars - new provinces. Red line - the historic boundaries of the Irish Pale.

Connaught:
As mentioned previously, Cavan should be part of Connaught in this era. I've grouped Sligo with Roscommon instead of Leitrim so that we could have all the O'Connors in one province and all of Breifne in another, which should emphasise the actually existing rivalries at this time!
Provinces:
Mayo/Maigh Eo:
Kilalla/Cill Ala (A fishing port and centre of a suffragan see. Currently named after the barony of Erris.)
Murrisk/Muraisc (The namesake village of the Murrisk barony - it's currently named after another barony without a namesake village.)
Castlebar/Caisleán an Bharraigh
Ballaghadereen/Bealach an Doirín (The centre of the Barony of Costello, a minor vassal of the Mayo Burkes. Note that whilst nowadays it is County Roscommon, It was in Mayo until 1898.)

Galway/Gaillimh:
Galway/Gaillimh
Tuam/Tuaim
Athenry/Baile Átha an Rí
Kilconnell/Cill Chonaill (The stronghold of the O'Kellys of Hy Many - we'll get to them later.)

Roscommon/Ros Comáin:
Sligo/Sligeach
Roscommon/Ros Comáin
Castlerea/An Caisleán Riabhach
Athlone/Baile Átha Luain (This replaces the old and irrelevant barony of Moycarn this location represented - the Athlone in Westmeath has been replaced. This is a big call on my end and will get its own section later.)
Skreen/An Scrín (A village and abbey that breaks up the large Sligo location and allows the representation of the seafaring O'Dowds.)

Breifne/Bréifne:
Dromahair/Droim Dhá Thiar
Ballyconnell/Béal Átha Conaill (The main fort of the local McGoverns. Killeshandra, which the location is currently named for, would not become a town until plantation.)
Leitrim/Liatroim
Cavan/An Cabhán
Killycolly/Coill an Chollaigh (renamed Bailieborough after plantation)

Leinster:
I've decided against a Meath area as it would be too small and wouldn't allow a Pale area, which is the main change I've made to the province set-up, as well as adding an Irish-dominated Wicklow province and a Kildare province, which has no reason not to exist, especially given how important the Earldom of Kildare would prove to be. Carlow is grouped with a now-split County Kilkenny, which fixes the ugly Waterford-Kilkenny abomination the current setup has.

Meath/ (Contains Meath outside the Pale and Longford)
Longford/An Longfort
Ardagh/Ardachadh
Mullingar/An Muileann gCearr
Kells/Ceanannas
Trim/Baile Átha Troim
Ballymore/An Baile Mór (Replaces the old Athlone location - an important Norman town)

The Pale/An Pháil (Contains the lasnd inside the Pale directly controlled by England - could be dynamically renamed Dublin if England integrates the rest of Ireland)
Drogheda/Droichead Átha (Shifted further north to represent the boundaries of Louth better.)
Duleek/Damhliag (A Norman castle and church, added to represent the small coastal portion of County Meath - currently Drogheda in Louth and Malahide in Dublin touch!)
Navan/An Uaimh (I've seen some suggestions to add Tara as a location which I really disagree with - it's not a proper settlement. If the flavour is desired, I'd suggest a modifier for the Navan location and perhaps a rename on an event/decision.)
Malahide/Mullach Íde
Dublin/Baile Átha Cliath

Wicklow/Cill Mhantáin:
Wicklow/Cill Mhantáin
Glendalough/Gleann Dá Loch
Kilbride/Cill Bhríde (Represents the rough, inaccessible proportion of Wicklow across the Wicklow Mountains, to provide strategic depth for the Kavanaughs. If any location in Ireland has mountains, it should be this one.)

Wexford/Loch Garman: (the locations themselves haven't changed but I think the reshaping here is important - the Kavanaughs had much more power in the hilly inland than on the coasts, and their capital shouldn't be drawn hugging the coastline.)
Wexford/Loch Garman
Ferns/Fearna (Again, shape is important here!)
New Ross/Ros Mhic Treoin

Kildare/Cill Dara:
Kildare/Cill Dara
Naas/Nás na Ríogh
Athy/Baile Átha Í

Offaly/Uíbh Fhailí (An odd region of petty chiefdoms united in disunity, in the borderlands of historic Meath, Leinster, and Munster provinces. I've renamed it Offaly as the Kingdom of Offaly (not the county)! was larger and more prestigious):
Daingean/Daingean Ua bhFáilghe
Tullamore/Tulach Mhór
Birr/Biorra (modern County Offaly is split in three between regions that were recognised at the time as part of Leinster (Daingean), Meath (Tullamore), and Munster - which this location represents. It's also home to its own clan, the O'Carrolls of Ely.)
Cullohill/Cúlchoill
Dunamase/Dún Másc


Political Setup:
Names: The name scheme in your screenshots is pretty inconsistent between the Gaelic and anglicised versions of country names - I'd go with English for consistency, with the option to use endonyms. I would rename Umhaill to Owell, Osraige to Ossory, and Laigin to Leinster. I'd also rename Breifne and Cavan to West Breifne and East Breifne, which is what they were called at the time, even if it looks a little awkward! Likewise, I suspect you have the O'Flaherty's ruling Connemara, which I'm sure they'd be very hurt by, given that it's less than half their rightful land. I'd give them their proper title of West Connaught, or Iar Connacht if that's simply too weird a name!
central ireland countries.png


Connaught looks really, really empty without the O'Kellys/Ó Ceallaig of Hy Many/Uí Mháine. This is a really old realm, going back to the 6th century, and the O'Kellys were known for their stubborn resistance to the Normans and predilection for building castles. At this time they vied for control of the important fortress of Athlone in central Ireland with various minor Norman families. Whilst nowadays considered part of Westmeath, this key fortress was actually on the west bank of the Shannon and originally considered part of Connaught until the shiring of Westmeath, and two baronies of County Roscommon are still named Athlone North and Athlone South. In the current build it appears to be owned by the O'Mael Sheclainns, an extremely minor clan who disappear from the historic record not long after this, and who definitely don't seemed to have controlled Athlone. I think it makes more sense to model Athlone as a border castle across the Shannon that the English must subdue to gain a foothold in Connaught.

Slightly less vital but still good to have are the O'Dowds/Ó Dubhda of Hy Fiachra/Ui Fiachrach (Tireragh on the map). They stand in for a number of non-O'Connor lords in southern and western County Sligo - the O'Dowds in particular had a reputation of being fearsome seamen. They could potentially also be represented as vassals of Sligo, which they ended up being by the 16th century.

The city of Wicklow is now under control of the crown - whilst threatened by the Kavanaughs of Leinster it was still under English control at the time, though it should be very vulnerable to them and lack the protection of the Pale. I toyed with representing the O'Tooles and O'Byrnes but decided that Leinster need to be a proper thorn in the Lordship of Ireland's side, and as Kings of Leinster the regional clans would be subordinate regardless.

Finally, we come to the hodgepodge of clans that is modern County Offaly and County Laois. This was a hilly stronghold of the native Irish that the English had never managed to impose their rule over, leaving many minor kingdoms in the region. I would recommend 3-5 here, with all being OPMs (OLMs?). The fortress of Dunamase had just been confiscated from the Mortimers in 1330, and would never return to them - I would suggest either having it owned by the Pale or by the O'Mores/Ó Mórdha of Leix/Laois, who would go on to play an important role in the Irish Revolt - the McGilpatricks of Ossory would never control this part of County Laois.

Likewise, Offaly (the location Daingean) would soon slip from the hands of the FitzGeralds of Kildare - you could eliminate a tag by giving it to them, or add one by keeping Offaly as an OPM. If you do, PLEASE change the dynasty name to O'Connor Faly/Ó Conchobhair Failghe - they were not related to the O'Connors of Connaught.

In western County Offaly are the O'Molloys/Ó Maolmhuaidh of Firceall/Fir Cell, who control the future county town of Tullamore, and the O'Carrolls/Ó Cearbhaill of Ely/Éile, the northernmost petty kingdom of Munster. The O'Carrolls would covet Roscrea to their south, which was also historically part of the petty kingdom.

Finally, about the area of "the Pale" east of the Pale proper - Ballymore, Mullingar, Trim, Kells, and Dundalk in my setup. Whilst this is accurately controlled by the crown in 1337, in 1330 it was - as the lordship of Meath - confiscated for treason from the powerful rebel Roger Mortimer, who also controlled a number of marcher lordships in Wales. His titles in Britain would eventually be restored to his grandson by the mid-1300s, though what happens to the Irish Mortimer lands is unclear, and they would either pass to him or to various Anglo-Irish lords, falling out of direct crown control. I would perhaps suggest an event chain or mechanic to represent these lands - as the lordship(s) of Meath/Trim/Westmeath/Louth etc slipping for direct crown control and producing more semi-independent Anglo-Irish lords such as the Delvins and Plunketts.

I'll be back for Munster later!

 

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I have started to work my way through "The Agrarian History of England and Wales", which is an absurdly good source for agricultural stuff. Ironically, I came across a mentioned of the Sussex iron industry. A google search later: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wealden_iron_industry. According to another search, this was centered in the High Weald, which looks like it lines up with Hastings.

Long story short, I would suggest iron replace lumber in Hastings (I haven't kept track of whether anyone else has pointed this out already).
 
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Had a go at fixing some of the weirder location shapes in the previous Scotland map I made as well as changing some of the provinces around. I’ll put a blank map and some notes on changes below as well as a draft of a terrain map.

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Didn’t think it made sense for Stirling to be included in Lothian, so merged it with Dunbartonshire (Dumbarton) and the Menteith location to make Stirlingshire. It would be ideal to have a Falkirk location too, but the locations are already pretty dense around the central belt.

The Dumfries and Annan locations didn’t make much sense as part of Teviotdale either, so I split off the historic province of Dumfriesshire as well. I split off a Sanquar location from Dumfries as the terrain is much rougher and there were a series of castles and forts in this region.

Rejigged the locations in Easter Ross to just have the two relatively low-lying locations of Tain and Dingwall as well as a mountainous Inverlael location in the interior. The location name itself comes from the series of settlements along the River Lael at the head of Loch Broom. Described as the largest settlement north of Dingwall before the establishment of Ullapool. I’ve shown the settlements on a later map.
Inverlael.png

https://www.ullapoolmuseum.co.uk/elementor-1498/
https://maps.nls.uk/rec/260

Moved the inland chunk of Montrose to Forfar as the terrain is much more rugged in that location, and Montrose makes more sense being primarily coastal. Did the same with Kirkcudbright and Kenmure.

Split off a Lochaber province in the western Highlands from Inverness as the large Inverness province going from coast to coast felt awkward, and both are historical provinces. Moved around the borders of the Inverness location itself to make it contain just the lower parts around the mouth of the Moray Firth and the lower regions around the top of Loch Ness. Turned the rest of the location in to Strathdearn which contains the much more mountainous regions around the river Findhorn.

ScotlandTerrain.png

ScotlandBlankBorders3.png
 
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