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Tinto Maps #6 - 14th of June 2024 - Great Britain & Ireland

Hello everyone. @Pavía and the rest of the Content Design team are busy working on the feedback for the previous Tinto Maps, so I'm standing in for this week.

I'm @SaintDaveUK, some of you might have seen me here and there on the forums, but the long story short is that I work on a very secret game whose name I am contractually obligated to redact. That's right, it's ███████ ██████!

This week you get a double-whammy, mostly because it’s really hard to show Britain on its own on a screenshot. Partly to side-step the “British Isles” naming controversy, but mainly because the gameplay of them both is so different, this part of Europa is divided into 2 distinct regions: Great Britain and Ireland.

Climate​

The mild Oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb) dominates the isles. Where it cools towards the inland Pennines and the Scottish Highlands (Köppen Cfc), we represent it with the wintry and dreich Continental climate.

climate.jpg




Topography​

The isles are dominated by green and pleasant flatlands and low rolling hills, the peripheries punctuated by rocky mountains and craggy highlands.

We would like to add some more impassable locations in northern England and the Scottish borders to make manoeuvres a little more interesting and strategic, but would like suggestions from people more familiar with the Pennines.

[Edit: 16 June added the missing map]

topography.JPG


Vegetation​

The great moors, bogs, and fens are represented by Sparse vegetation, meanwhile much of the land is still wooded.

vegetation.jpg




Raw Materials​

The raw goods situation aims to reflect the economic reality of medieval Britain. Shepherding was common on every corner of the islands, a lot of the wool produced was sold to the industrial hub of the Low Countries to be manufactured into cloth, which was in turn sold back to British markets.

The further north-west we go, the less fertile the terrain, and as such the greater reliance on pastoral farming such as livestock over wheat. The western hills and valleys also expose a greater number of mineral delights, including the historic stannary mines of Devon and Cornwall.

raw_materials.jpg




Markets​

As you can see the two starting markets are London and Dublin. Aside from London we could have chosen almost any town, from Aberdeen to Bristol. We chose Dublin as it was the main trade centre in Ireland, and also because it handsomely splits the isles to the East and West of the Pennines, demonstrating the impact that terrain can have on dynamic Market attraction.

They are both shades of red because they are coloured after the market centre’s top overlord country – market control is a viable playstyle and we like to think of it as a form of map painting for countries not focused on traditional conquest routes.

market.jpg




Culture​

We have decided to go with a monolithic English culture. We could have forced the introduction of a second Northumbrian or even third Mercian culture, but typically they were not really considered separate peoples. The English, though diverse in origin and with a variety of dialects, had already begun to coalesce in the face of the Viking invasions hundreds of years before.

Scotland, conversely, is a real porridge of cultures. The Lowland Scots (who speak a dialect of Northumbrian English that later develops into the Scots language) dominate their kingdom from their wealthy burghs, and are gradually encroaching onto the pastoral lands of the Gaelic Highlanders. The Norse-Gaelic clansmen watch from the Western Isles, with some old settlements remaining around Galloway. The far north, ironically called Sutherland, retains some Norse presence.

Wales, conquered for around a century by this point, plays host to English burghers looking to make a few quid, as well as the descendants of Norman adventurer knights in the marcher lordships, but is still majority Welsh-speaking from Anglesey to Cardiff.

The Anglo-Irish (representing the spectrum from Cambro-Norman knights to the so-called ‘Old English’ settlers) live in great numbers in the south-eastern trading towns from Dublin to Cork, as well as in smaller numbers in frontier outposts.

The cosmopolitan towns across the isles are also home to people from elsewhere in Europe, most notably Flemish weavers from the Low Countries, though their numbers are too small to impact the mapmode.

The Norman ███████ dominates as the ██████████████ for both of the kingdoms and their subjects. The conquest of 1066 is no longer fresh, but the continuing bonds between the aristocratic classes of England, Scotland, and France have kept the French language alive and strong.

culture.jpg






Religion​

I decided that it's not even worth taking a screenshot of the Religion map mode. There are tiny minorities of Jewish people in some Scottish and Irish towns (they had been expelled from England), but they are so small in number they don't even register on the map mode

Other than that, it's all Catholic. But not for long.

> John Wycliffe has entered the chat.


Areas​

Based on the 4 provinces of Ireland (sorry Meath) and splitting England roughly into the larger Anglo-Saxon earldoms which have some similarity with the modern Regions (sorry Yorkshire).

areas.jpg





Provinces​

We have fixed the colours of the Provinces mapmode so you can see the individual provinces a bit more clearly. These are largely based on the historic counties, which have remained fairly constant throughout history, while merging some of those that are too small.

We’ve almost certainly offended someone.

The ancient Scottish shires are pretty messy and difficult to coalesce into neat provinces, so any suggestions for better arrangement there would be very welcome.

provinces.jpg




Locations​


You might notice that the locations in Ireland are varyingly written in both English and in Irish. This is because we have the new system up-and-running where we can name Locations by the primary culture of the country they are owned by.

This means that for example London might be called Londres if it was ruled by a Catalan country. It’s currently a WIP feature and we might add more elements, such as a game setting to base the name on dominant culture of the location instead, or to just use default (English) names.

locations.jpg




Government Types​

As with most of Europe, most of the countries are under some monarchy or another, but the Irish tuathas begin with the Tribe government type. This, among other mechanics such as [redacted] helps to give them a very unique playing style in Europe.

government.jpg


Countries​

England

England of course stands as the dominant kingdom in the isles. Despite having a lot of power resting on the barons, the country is fairly unitary even at this point, with very little practical separation between the crown’s power in somewhere like Kent versus Yorkshire. However there are notable exceptions.

The powerful Burgesses estate in the City of London enjoys ancient freedoms from royal power, while the king peers in from the Crown’s seat of power in neighbouring Westminster.

The County Palatine of Durham is not represented by a country, but buildings that give the Clergy Estate a huge amount of power in the locations it is present in. This also ties into political gameplay as a ██████████ ██████.

The newly created Duchy of Cornwall—the only duchy in England at the time—would also not be represented well by the Cornwall country, being a disparate set of manorial holdings that are ironically mostly in Devon. Cornwall of course exists as a releasable country though.

The Isle of Man is a little less certain. For now we have it as a subject of England. On paper it was a ‘kingdom’ awarded to William Montagu, the king’s favourite, however we aren’t sure if he actually wielded any real power on the isle. It changed hands between England and Scotland numerous times in this period, but in practice it appears to have been governed by a local council of barons. Any more details on exactly what was going on here in this period would be greatly appreciated.

These decisions have been made because as England heaves itself out of the feudal system, we thought it would be best if the small-fry inward-looking internal politicking is handled through the Estates and [redacted] systems, and then the diplomacy tracks are freed up for the English player to behave more outwardly against other major countries.

Wales

Though subjugated by conquest, Wales was not formally annexed into the Kingdom of England until the mid 1500s. As such the principality begins as a Dominion subject under England.

Those familiar with Welsh history will note that historically the Principality of Wales didn’t extend much beyond the old kingdom of Gywnedd. Much of the country to the southeast was in fact ruled by marcher lords, which we represent with a powerful Nobility estate in the valleys and beyond.

There is an alternative vision of Wales that I would like to gauge opinion on, and that is expanding it to include the Earldom of Chester and the marches on the English side of the modern border. If you are an Englishman familiar with modern borders this might look alarming, but these lands were also constitutionally ambiguous parts of the “Welsh Marches” until the 1500s. This will hand over to the Wales player the full responsibility of dealing with the marcher lords, allowing England to focus on bigger picture issues like beating France.

Ireland

Ireland is going through a moment of change. English royal power is centred on the Lordship of the Pale, the king’s Dominion ruling out of Dublin Castle. However, it struggles to keep a grasp on the rebellious Hiberno-Norman earls scattered around the island - some of whom remain as vassals, some of whom have managed to slip free of royal control.

The Tanistry system of succession endemic to the Gaelic Irish has its advantages, but it can also lead to chaotic feuds between rival branches. The so-called Burke Civil War has fractured the powerful Earldom of Ulster into rival Burke cousins who jealously feud over their shrinking lordships in Connaught. Native Irish princes of the north have reconquered most of their own lands from the de Burghs, but there are also two rival O’Neill cousins who style themselves King of Tyrone either side of the River Bann.

The feuding Irish lack a unifying figure, but anyone powerful enough could theoretically claim the title of High King. The former provincial kingdoms, such as Meath and Connacht, enjoy the elevated rank of Duchy, giving them a slight edge in the High Kingship selection.

Scotland

The chancer Edward Balliol continues his attempt for the Scottish throne, with England’s tacit permission. It’s hard to determine the exact lands held by Balliol in 1337, but we know his disinherited loyalists hold the castle of Perth while his English allies had seized large tracts of the lowlands from Bruce. Balliol has also bought the loyalty of the MacDonald and the other Hebridean galley lords by granting them remote land on the west coast of the mainland.

Meanwhile, Scotland’s canny regent Sir Andrew de Moray launches his decisive counterattack as his true king, David II de Bruce, waits in exile in France.

political.jpg


Dynasties​

We know about Plantagenet, Balliol, and Bruce, so I've zoomed in on Ireland to show the ruling dynasties of the various chieftains and earls.

dynasty.jpg


Population​

Excuse the seams and the greyscale mapmode. We have something better in the pipeline...

population_country.jpg
population_location.jpg




Well, thats it for now!

As always the team is eagerly awaiting your feedback and looking forward to the discussions. We’ll try to keep on top of the thread, but we have a teambuilding activity this afternoon so it might be a little more sporadic than usual!

Next week: Anatolia!
 
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Rather than do this in one gigantic chunk, I am going to break it up. That should hopefully feel a bit more satisfying and less pressure.

This is using information from "The Agrarian History of England and Wales". There are multiple volumes. I am focusing on volume IV, which has the best regional breakdowns. I may give the other volumes a look and edit these. If you are from the area and have insider knowledge, then feel free to respond and correct things. I am doing my best with online maps, but don't know the geography intimately.

First section, Sussex and Kent.

According to the text, the region can be broken down into the north and south downs, the weald, and the marshes.

1) North and South Downs -

These are described as wheat growing regions. Large flocks of sheep were grazed on hill pastures during the day, then folded at night on the lower arable fields. The most valuable commodity of the sheep was the manure, which was used to fertilize the fields. Wool and meat were secondary.

2) Weald -

Described as densely wooded country that was heavily populated. Small farmers were typical that specialized in cattle.

3) Marshes -

Coastal marshes that had been drained. The men of Kent were renowned for their skill draining coastal marshes. Drained coastal marshes were mainly used as pastureland for cattle with the exception of the area around the Thames, which was known for its fruit trees and hop bines.

With that in mind, I would propose the following:

1) North/South Downs:
Dover - Fish (dover was an important fishing port)
Canterbury - Marble (sussex marble is located in the kent weald)
Chichester - Stone (west sussex has a history of stone quarrying)
Guildford - Wheat
2) Weald:
Hastings - Iron (important iron industry - see previous message)
Southam - Lumber (this was a forested region, so it would be criminal to not have lumber at a location)
Hythe (also part Marsh from Romney Marshes) - Livestock
3) Marsh:
Chatham - Fruit (Kent was known for fruit and the most prominent region - Sittingbourne to Faversham - was close to Chatham)

Changes:
Hastings - from lumber to iron.
Southam - from livestock to lumber.
Hythe - from sturdy grains to livestock.
Guildford - from horses to wheat.
Chatham - from wheat to fruit.

Justifications:
Hastings and Southam fit together - Hastings switching to iron justifies changing Southam to lumber.
Hythe should be either Weald or Marsh - Both are livestock regions.
Guildford - I couldn't find any justification for horses. I'll revisit if there are no horses anywhere in England. For now, it is the lone wheat province for the wheat-growing downs regions.
Chatham - Kent having a reputation for fruit orchards suggested a fruit growing region. That meant either Canterbury or Chatham. With Canterbury already having marble, I went with Chatham.

There ya go. There are 13 or so regional breakdowns in the book (depending on how you count Wales). I'll do each of them if I have time. No idea how long it will take. Could be a while or could be done in a week. We'll see.
 
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Had a go at fixing some of the weirder location shapes in the previous Scotland map I made as well as changing some of the provinces around. I’ll put a blank map and some notes on changes below as well as a draft of a terrain map.

I mocked up a variety of political situations using this blank map.

This adds basically every vassal of note large enough to control a single province - the MacRuairi's of Uist and Garmoran, the Earls of Lennox, Menteith, Fife, Angus, and Mar are unique to this map.
scotlandMaxVassal.png

This map is what I think is probably the best balance for Scotland with the powerful Highland and March magnates represented, but the less powerful Lowland magnates not represented. I do think Steward makes sense as an on map vassal, because although Robert Stewart was David II's heir, David and Robert feuded throughout their lives, and Robert served as regent during David's eleven year captivity in England while also being a vital commander during the civil war. As a note here, Caithness is also the Jarl of Orkney (subject to Norway) and has a claim on Strathearn. Sutherland and Strathnaver (held by Clan Mackay) are in constant feud.
scotlandMidVassal.png

This map has the absolute minimum number of vassals I think Scotland should start with, as Moray and Ross were massive earldoms who dominated the Highlands.
scotlandMinVassal.png

This map has Scotland after a Bruce victory - an independent Scotland, but one still needing to balance the demands of powerful magnates - I suggest that the Isles remain independent of the civil war and get an event in the case of Bruce victory where they gain Lochaber and Kintyre in exchange for vassalage or they declare an independence war. In the south, the Earl of Dunbar/March and the (future) Earl of Douglas gain the Scottish marches to raid into northern England.
bruceVictory.png

This map shows a Balliol victory, with the Disinherited returned to the lands in Buchan and Atholl. England takes Lothian and Teviotdale as per the Treaty of Newcastle, and Isles receives Lochaber, Kintyre, and Inverary (as a nod to John of Islay's tentative alliance with Edward Balliol and Edward III) in exchange for vassalage. Moray is stripped of lands, as the Earl of Moray held lands otherwise claimed by the Earl of Atholl, the Isles, or were previously royal burghs which would make sense for Balliol to take back. I would also suggest that Scotland falls under heavy English domination. Perhaps full vassalage is not appropriate, but some amount of tribute from Scotland to England should definitely be included. I included Steward in this map because I think it probable for Robert Stewart to receive an event during the civil war, if Balliol is winning, to switch sides. If Stewart switches sides and Balliol wins, it makes sense he would give up land to Balliol but be able to retain some of his prior lands.
balliolWithSteward.png

This map is of a Balliol victory where Stewart did not join Balliol.
balliolNoSteward.png
 
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What's about danelaw? There are still traces of this culture in the UK.

The Danelaw ended 300+ years before the start date and Scandinavian settlement was limited and just like Hiberno-Norman in Ireland they assimilated as soon as they no longer became the dominant force. Plus lets say there were a few mass murders/raids. The likelihood any non-assimilated Scandinavian remained is pretty low. I have yet to find any reference to any minority in academic or primary texts still settled in England around 1300-1400.

In Ireland there should be a small number of Ostmen (old Scandinavian settlers) in the towns of Dublin, Waterford, Wexford. Hell there is a reason we still have an area in Dublin called Oxmantown. These were an extremely small minority like Jews and were often Burghers and tradesman. We know they existed because we see them in legal cases from the 1300s in Dublin. The attitude to them in Ireland was much different than in England. Plus racial identity in Ireland at the time was a mess.
 
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Rather than do this in one gigantic chunk, I am going to break it up. That should hopefully feel a bit more satisfying and less pressure.

This is using information from "The Agrarian History of England and Wales". There are multiple volumes. I am focusing on volume IV, which has the best regional breakdowns. I may give the other volumes a look and edit these. If you are from the area and have insider knowledge, then feel free to respond and correct things. I am doing my best with online maps, but don't know the geography intimately.

First section, Sussex and Kent.

According to the text, the region can be broken down into the north and south downs, the weald, and the marshes.

1) North and South Downs -

These are described as wheat growing regions. Large flocks of sheep were grazed on hill pastures during the day, then folded at night on the lower arable fields. The most valuable commodity of the sheep was the manure, which was used to fertilize the fields. Wool and meat were secondary.

2) Weald -

Described as densely wooded country that was heavily populated. Small farmers were typical that specialized in cattle.

3) Marshes -

Coastal marshes that had been drained. The men of Kent were renowned for their skill draining coastal marshes. Drained coastal marshes were mainly used as pastureland for cattle with the exception of the area around the Thames, which was known for its fruit trees and hop bines.

With that in mind, I would propose the following:

1) North/South Downs:
Dover - Fish (dover was an important fishing port)
Canterbury - Marble (sussex marble is located in the kent weald)
Chichester - Stone (west sussex has a history of stone quarrying)
Guildford - Wheat
2) Weald:
Hastings - Iron (important iron industry - see previous message)
Southam - Lumber (this was a forested region, so it would be criminal to not have lumber at a location)
Hythe (also part Marsh from Romney Marshes) - Livestock
3) Marsh:
Chatham - Fruit (Kent was known for fruit and the most prominent region - Sittingbourne to Faversham - was close to Chatham)

Changes:
Hastings - from lumber to iron.
Southam - from livestock to lumber.
Hythe - from sturdy grains to livestock.
Guildford - from horses to wheat.
Chatham - from wheat to fruit.

Justifications:
Hastings and Southam fit together - Hastings switching to iron justifies changing Southam to lumber.
Hythe should be either Weald or Marsh - Both are livestock regions.
Guildford - I couldn't find any justification for horses. I'll revisit if there are no horses anywhere in England. For now, it is the lone wheat province for the wheat-growing downs regions.
Chatham - Kent having a reputation for fruit orchards suggested a fruit growing region. That meant either Canterbury or Chatham. With Canterbury already having marble, I went with Chatham.

There ya go. There are 13 or so regional breakdowns in the book (depending on how you count Wales). I'll do each of them if I have time. No idea how long it will take. Could be a while or could be done in a week. We'll see.

Next up, Home Counties - Bedfordshire, Middlesex and Essex

The provinces above are not a perfect match for the counties in the book, so I've had to move things around a bit (if anyone ever gets their hands on the book and checks).

These regions can largely be broken up into clay-soiled lowlands, wood-pasture, and marsh.

1) Clay-soiled lowlands -

These were wheat growing regions that fed London - a variation of the downs regions from Kent/Sussex. Again, large flocks of sheep were common where the sheep's main commodity was manure for fertilizing the fields. Wool was secondary.

2) Wood-pasture -

Areas of mixed wood and pasture where livestock grazed on the pasture and pigs fed in the forest.

3) Marsh -

Covered under Kent/Sussex. Drained marshlands were typically used for pasture.

Using those definitions, we get:
1) Clay-soiled lowlands:
Southwark - Wheat
Westminster - Horses (proxy for southern Hertfordshire, which specialized in horses)
Hertford - Wheat
Bedford - Wheat
Buckingham - Wheat
Oxford - Wheat
2) Wood-pasture:
Windsor - Wild Game (royal forest)
London - Lumber (woods around London were used for fuel and building materials - Edit: Epping Forest)
Chelmsford - Dyes (saffron was grown in the region as a dye - woad was also grown in Essex)
Hedingham - Wild Game (royal forest)
Colchester - Livestock
3) Marsh:
Southend - Livestock

Changes:
Southwark - from legumes to wheat.
Westminster - from wheat to horses.
Bedford - from legumes to wheat.
Oxford - from medicaments to wheat.
London - from wheat to lumber.
Colchester - from wheat to livestock.
Southend - from legumes to livestock.

Justifications:
Southwark, Bedford and Southend - legumes (and lentils and peas) are specifically mentioned in the text as either primarily for feeding livestock on the farm or rarely grown. Maybe outside of England they make more sense. If not, maybe save the CPU usage and remove them. My guess is they will very rarely be the primary crop in a location.
Westminster - southern Hertfordshire is singled out in multiple volumes as a horse-breeding area. Westminster was used as close enough.
Oxford - I searched for quite a while and could find nothing that resembled medicaments in Oxford. The closest I found was the herb birthwort, which was introduced to the area during the Middle Ages, but it doesn't appear to have been cultivated in any way. It was grown in herb gardens. Unless there is another explanation, I would change it to something else. Wheat would be the default.
London - There is a map in the text that shows wood-pasture land north of London, which the London location appears to encompass. There is also reference to woodland that was around London being used for fuel and building materials, so I put the two together.
Colchester - This is in a wood-pasture region, so livestock makes more sense.

Does anyone know why the medicaments were selected for Oxford? I am curious.

This region had a lot more generic goods than Kent/Sussex. I may go through and do some searching to see if there is anything more interesting for some of these (there wasnt anything in the text). At the moment, they should serve as a default starting point.
 
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I have started to work my way through "The Agrarian History of England and Wales", which is an absurdly good source for agricultural stuff. Ironically, I came across a mentioned of the Sussex iron industry. A google search later: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wealden_iron_industry. According to another search, this was centered in the High Weald, which looks like it lines up with Hastings.

Long story short, I would suggest iron replace lumber in Hastings (I haven't kept track of whether anyone else has pointed this out already).
Are you reading Volume 3? That is the volume you should be reading for accurate information

Have yet to read that book in my academics, but its a good one. There have been a few comments on Trade Goods. I made a few with sources if you want to look at them.
Main Comment + Further Trade Good Comment
 
Are you reading Volume 3? That is the volume you should be reading for accurate information

Have yet to read that book in my academics, but its a good one. There have been a few comments on Trade Goods. I made a few with sources if you want to look at them.
Main Comment + Further Trade Good Comment

Great! Thanks!

You caught the iron. Nice.

I skim Volume III - V (I don't have the others anyway, but those 3 cover most of the period), but volume IV has the most useful information. They don't have the same content. Volume III has information specifically on farming practices - how many fields rotations were, etc, but does not have a general regional breakdown on the type of agriculture. That is in Volume IV.

The goods information is not an exact science. Paradox is using very rough estimates on both timing and location. I did Sicily before this. Sugar production started in Palermo around the mid-14th century (after the start - before then it was mainly in gardens) - and didn't get really serious until the start of the 15th century, then it spread to the rest of the island in the mid-15th century. Meanwhile, Paradox doesn't have sugar in Palermo at all, but rather in the south of the island (where it was least in evidence) at game start. Alum mining around Messina also wasn't until later.

So, it isn't a snapshot as of January 1337. That makes sense if you plan to have a system that is relatively static, which I am confident will be the case for goods. This excludes Columbian Exchange, of course.

You did remind me that this isn't exact. I wonder if the medicaments in Oxford represent something in the broader region. Maybe something will come up when I start researching the western provinces. I looked at cash crops in England/Wales (there was a summary in one of the volumes), but came up with nothing. Dyes were in there, which is how I got the information for Essex, but nothing like opium. Also, I just had an idea. There are some medicaments in France. Maybe if I figure out what those are, it would help.
 
Not bad, but if you have a 'rugged/high hills' option I think that would fit the far North-West mainland far better than 'mountains'.
Yeah I can definitely see an argument for a Rugged/High Hills classification for Durness and Assynt. It could have gone either way. I haven’t been to Assynt, but I’ve driven through Durness (highly recommended for wild camping) and even the low-lying parts nearer to the coast are exceptionally rugged. It is a very striking landscape, and I thought mountains was probably the closest classification.

NE.png

DurnessAssynt.png

Coastal Durness from Street View
DurnessCoast.png

Some of the more habitable parts of Coastal Durness
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Assynt Mountains/Landscape
assynt-scotland-800.jpg

Durness Mountains/Landscape
arkle-fb.jpg
 

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I skim Volume III - V (I don't have the others anyway, but those 3 cover most of the period), but volume IV has the most useful information. They don't have the same content. Volume III has information specifically on farming practices - how many fields rotations were, etc, but does not have a general regional breakdown on the type of agriculture. That is in Volume IV.
Ah nice, ill check out Vol. 4 for personal research as well then.

You did remind me that this isn't exact. I wonder if the medicaments in Oxford represent something in the broader region. Maybe something will come up when I start researching the western provinces. I looked at cash crops in England/Wales (there was a summary in one of the volumes), but came up with nothing. Dyes were in there, which is how I got the information for Essex, but nothing like opium. Also, I just had an idea. There are some medicaments in France. Maybe if I figure out what those are, it would help.
Other than opioids we dont really know what Medicaments contains. I assumed herbs as well. So there are several herbal gardens that were instituted by Elizabeth in particular for the purpose of providing medical supplies, but its incredibly vague. But might just be reasonable filler for balance.

I also quite like to make sure regions represent what they are missing alongside what they contain. For historical reasonings Saltpeter for Britain, Alum for France, Salt for Russia/Scandinavia should not really exist in any large scale. Especially the England/France one, since it was existential imports and should drive player expansion to secure them as happened in history.
 
Ah nice, ill check out Vol. 4 for personal research as well then.


Other than opioids we dont really know what Medicaments contains. I assumed herbs as well. So there are several herbal gardens that were instituted by Elizabeth in particular for the purpose of providing medical supplies, but its incredibly vague. But might just be reasonable filler for balance.

I also quite like to make sure regions represent what they are missing alongside what they contain. For historical reasonings Saltpeter for Britain, Alum for France, Salt for Russia/Scandinavia should not really exist in any large scale. Especially the England/France one, since it was existential imports and should drive player expansion to secure them as happened in history.

My guess at this point is that it is birthwort (or some other medicinal herb). Montpellier has medicaments and I just did a google search and came across this write-up (http://aldeia.chez-alice.fr/medherbs/articles.html), which says Montpellier was a center of medicine and studied medicinal herbs. Maybe they were thinking the same for Oxford. Based specifically upon birthwort, which my impression wasn't grown on any kind of scale, I am skeptical it should be included, but maybe there are other, similar, herbs studied at Oxford - and/or maybe Oxford had a reputation like Montpellier as a medicine center.
 
Political Setup:
Names: The name scheme in your screenshots is pretty inconsistent between the Gaelic and anglicised versions of country names - I'd go with English for consistency, with the option to use endonyms.
Again amazing message and disagree with this point the consistent rule should be that the Irish kingdoms should be in Irish with Leinster being Laighin etc etc. One other thing wasn't Longford also not considered part of Cúige Chonnacht?

I hope you also agree that the area location tiles should be in Irish too

Ulster = Uladh
Connaught = Connacht
Leinster = Laighean
Munster = Mumhan

Along with the Provinces as well
Donegal = Dún na nGall (mentioned above this should be
Tyrconnell = Tír Chonaill)
 
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View attachment 1153084
Yellow stars - new provinces. Red line - the historic boundaries of the Irish Pale.

Connaught:
As mentioned previously, Cavan should be part of Connaught in this era. I've grouped Sligo with Roscommon instead of Leitrim so that we could have all the O'Connors in one province and all of Breifne in another, which should emphasise the actually existing rivalries at this time!
Provinces:
Mayo/Maigh Eo:
Kilalla/Cill Ala (A fishing port and centre of a suffragan see. Currently named after the barony of Erris.)
Murrisk/Muraisc (The namesake village of the Murrisk barony - it's currently named after another barony without a namesake village.)
Castlebar/Caisleán an Bharraigh
Ballaghadereen/Bealach an Doirín (The centre of the Barony of Costello, a minor vassal of the Mayo Burkes. Note that whilst nowadays it is County Roscommon, It was in Mayo until 1898.)

Galway/Gaillimh:
Galway/Gaillimh
Tuam/Tuaim
Athenry/Baile Átha an Rí
Kilconnell/Cill Chonaill (The stronghold of the O'Kellys of Hy Many - we'll get to them later.)

Roscommon/Ros Comáin:
Sligo/Sligeach
Roscommon/Ros Comáin
Castlerea/An Caisleán Riabhach
Athlone/Baile Átha Luain (This replaces the old and irrelevant barony of Moycarn this location represented - the Athlone in Westmeath has been replaced. This is a big call on my end and will get its own section later.)
Skreen/An Scrín (A village and abbey that breaks up the large Sligo location and allows the representation of the seafaring O'Dowds.)

Breifne/Bréifne:
Dromahair/Droim Dhá Thiar
Ballyconnell/Béal Átha Conaill (The main fort of the local McGoverns. Killeshandra, which the location is currently named for, would not become a town until plantation.)
Leitrim/Liatroim
Cavan/An Cabhán
Killycolly/Coill an Chollaigh (renamed Bailieborough after plantation)

Leinster:
I've decided against a Meath area as it would be too small and wouldn't allow a Pale area, which is the main change I've made to the province set-up, as well as adding an Irish-dominated Wicklow province and a Kildare province, which has no reason not to exist, especially given how important the Earldom of Kildare would prove to be. Carlow is grouped with a now-split County Kilkenny, which fixes the ugly Waterford-Kilkenny abomination the current setup has.

Meath/ (Contains Meath outside the Pale and Longford)
Longford/An Longfort
Ardagh/Ardachadh
Mullingar/An Muileann gCearr
Kells/Ceanannas
Trim/Baile Átha Troim
Ballymore/An Baile Mór (Replaces the old Athlone location - an important Norman town)

The Pale/An Pháil (Contains the lasnd inside the Pale directly controlled by England - could be dynamically renamed Dublin if England integrates the rest of Ireland)
Drogheda/Droichead Átha (Shifted further north to represent the boundaries of Louth better.)
Duleek/Damhliag (A Norman castle and church, added to represent the small coastal portion of County Meath - currently Drogheda in Louth and Malahide in Dublin touch!)
Navan/An Uaimh (I've seen some suggestions to add Tara as a location which I really disagree with - it's not a proper settlement. If the flavour is desired, I'd suggest a modifier for the Navan location and perhaps a rename on an event/decision.)
Malahide/Mullach Íde
Dublin/Baile Átha Cliath

Wicklow/Cill Mhantáin:
Wicklow/Cill Mhantáin
Glendalough/Gleann Dá Loch
Kilbride/Cill Bhríde (Represents the rough, inaccessible proportion of Wicklow across the Wicklow Mountains, to provide strategic depth for the Kavanaughs. If any location in Ireland has mountains, it should be this one.)

Wexford/Loch Garman: (the locations themselves haven't changed but I think the reshaping here is important - the Kavanaughs had much more power in the hilly inland than on the coasts, and their capital shouldn't be drawn hugging the coastline.)
Wexford/Loch Garman
Ferns/Fearna (Again, shape is important here!)
New Ross/Ros Mhic Treoin

Kildare/Cill Dara:
Kildare/Cill Dara
Naas/Nás na Ríogh
Athy/Baile Átha Í

Offaly/Uíbh Fhailí (An odd region of petty chiefdoms united in disunity, in the borderlands of historic Meath, Leinster, and Munster provinces. I've renamed it Offaly as the Kingdom of Offaly (not the county)! was larger and more prestigious):
Daingean/Daingean Ua bhFáilghe
Tullamore/Tulach Mhór
Birr/Biorra (modern County Offaly is split in three between regions that were recognised at the time as part of Leinster (Daingean), Meath (Tullamore), and Munster - which this location represents. It's also home to its own clan, the O'Carrolls of Ely.)
Cullohill/Cúlchoill
Dunamase/Dún Másc


Political Setup:
Names: The name scheme in your screenshots is pretty inconsistent between the Gaelic and anglicised versions of country names - I'd go with English for consistency, with the option to use endonyms. I would rename Umhaill to Owell, Osraige to Ossory, and Laigin to Leinster. I'd also rename Breifne and Cavan to West Breifne and East Breifne, which is what they were called at the time, even if it looks a little awkward! Likewise, I suspect you have the O'Flaherty's ruling Connemara, which I'm sure they'd be very hurt by, given that it's less than half their rightful land. I'd give them their proper title of West Connaught, or Iar Connacht if that's simply too weird a name!
View attachment 1153087

Connaught looks really, really empty without the O'Kellys/Ó Ceallaig of Hy Many/Uí Mháine. This is a really old realm, going back to the 6th century, and the O'Kellys were known for their stubborn resistance to the Normans and predilection for building castles. At this time they vied for control of the important fortress of Athlone in central Ireland with various minor Norman families. Whilst nowadays considered part of Westmeath, this key fortress was actually on the west bank of the Shannon and originally considered part of Connaught until the shiring of Westmeath, and two baronies of County Roscommon are still named Athlone North and Athlone South. In the current build it appears to be owned by the O'Mael Sheclainns, an extremely minor clan who disappear from the historic record not long after this, and who definitely don't seemed to have controlled Athlone. I think it makes more sense to model Athlone as a border castle across the Shannon that the English must subdue to gain a foothold in Connaught.

Slightly less vital but still good to have are the O'Dowds/Ó Dubhda of Hy Fiachra/Ui Fiachrach (Tireragh on the map). They stand in for a number of non-O'Connor lords in southern and western County Sligo - the O'Dowds in particular had a reputation of being fearsome seamen. They could potentially also be represented as vassals of Sligo, which they ended up being by the 16th century.

The city of Wicklow is now under control of the crown - whilst threatened by the Kavanaughs of Leinster it was still under English control at the time, though it should be very vulnerable to them and lack the protection of the Pale. I toyed with representing the O'Tooles and O'Byrnes but decided that Leinster need to be a proper thorn in the Lordship of Ireland's side, and as Kings of Leinster the regional clans would be subordinate regardless.

Finally, we come to the hodgepodge of clans that is modern County Offaly and County Laois. This was a hilly stronghold of the native Irish that the English had never managed to impose their rule over, leaving many minor kingdoms in the region. I would recommend 3-5 here, with all being OPMs (OLMs?). The fortress of Dunamase had just been confiscated from the Mortimers in 1330, and would never return to them - I would suggest either having it owned by the Pale or by the O'Mores/Ó Mórdha of Leix/Laois, who would go on to play an important role in the Irish Revolt - the McGilpatricks of Ossory would never control this part of County Laois.

Likewise, Offaly (the location Daingean) would soon slip from the hands of the FitzGeralds of Kildare - you could eliminate a tag by giving it to them, or add one by keeping Offaly as an OPM. If you do, PLEASE change the dynasty name to O'Connor Faly/Ó Conchobhair Failghe - they were not related to the O'Connors of Connaught.

In western County Offaly are the O'Molloys/Ó Maolmhuaidh of Firceall/Fir Cell, who control the future county town of Tullamore, and the O'Carrolls/Ó Cearbhaill of Ely/Éile, the northernmost petty kingdom of Munster. The O'Carrolls would covet Roscrea to their south, which was also historically part of the petty kingdom.

Finally, about the area of "the Pale" east of the Pale proper - Ballymore, Mullingar, Trim, Kells, and Dundalk in my setup. Whilst this is accurately controlled by the crown in 1337, in 1330 it was - as the lordship of Meath - confiscated for treason from the powerful rebel Roger Mortimer, who also controlled a number of marcher lordships in Wales. His titles in Britain would eventually be restored to his grandson by the mid-1300s, though what happens to the Irish Mortimer lands is unclear, and they would either pass to him or to various Anglo-Irish lords, falling out of direct crown control. I would perhaps suggest an event chain or mechanic to represent these lands - as the lordship(s) of Meath/Trim/Westmeath/Louth etc slipping for direct crown control and producing more semi-independent Anglo-Irish lords such as the Delvins and Plunketts.

I'll be back for Munster later!
Okay, finished up Munster (and touched up my previous attempt at Southern Leinster). My suggestions are going to be a bit different here than in other provinces - whilst I recommended quite a few new countries and relatively few new locations here, I'm only suggesting one (and a bit) new tag but quite a few new locations - this is the largest and arguably most important province of Ireland in this time period. Additionally, where my suggestions previously were differing interpretations of how to represent history, Munster has several things that I think are genuine historical errors on Paradox's behalf.

Let's start with my suggested province and location setup:
munster.png

As with my earlier comments, new locations are indicated with a yellow star and red text. The province boundaries are already pretty good, but I've split off Limerick from Kerry, and and created a new Kilkenny province from County Kilkenny and County Carlow, which also has the effect of making the Waterford province less hideous! I'd include this new province in Leinster rather than Munster.

Clare/Tuadhmhumhain:
Kilrush/Cill Rois (Previously named for the barony of Moyarta)
Ennis/Inis
Bunratty/Bun Raite

Limerick/Luimneach:
Limerick/Luimneach
Kilmallock/Cill Mocheallóg
Newcastle West/An Caisleán Nua Thiar (Replaces Adare to allow for the redrawing of Limerick and addition of Castleconnell, and is the second town of County Limerick and key FitzGerald fortress anyway. Can be Castlenoe/An Caisleán Nua if that's too long.)
Castleconnell/Caisleán Uí Chonaing (The historic centre of the Clanwilliam Burkes of Munster. Necessary addition if they're to be kept as a playable country.)

Kerry/Ciarraighe:
Tralee/Tráigh Lí
Dingle/Daingean Uí Chúis
Lixnaw/Leic Snámha (Main stronghold of the close relatives and heated rivals of the Desmond FitzGeralds, the FitzMaurices of Kerry.)
Killarney/Cill Airne
Cahersiveen/Cathair Saidhbhín (Definitely the most "luxury" of my proposed additions, this represents the Iveragh branch of the MacCarthy Mors. Helps emphasise that the powerbase of the Kingdom of Desmond was inland, rather than coastal, and also evens up the province size here. This was also a much more mountainous area than Killarney further inland)

Cork/Deasmhumhain:
Cork/Corcaigh
Youghal/Eochaill
Kinsale/Cionn tSáile
Mallow/Magh nAla (Formerly named for the barony of Fermoy)
Kanturk/Ceann Toirc (Formerly named for the barony of Duhallow)
Blarney/An Bhlarna (Formerly named for the barony of Muskerry)
Kilbrittain/Cill Briotáin (Formerly named for the barony of Carbery)
Castletownbere/Baile Chaisleáin Bhéarra (More accurately represents the territory of the O'Sullivans of Beara)

Waterford/Déisi:
Waterford/Port Láirge
Kilmeaden/Cill Mhíodáin (Replaces Carrickbeg, which has been shifted across the river as Carrick-on-Suir - the castle was in County Tipperary. This was the main seat of the powerful Norman family of la Poer/Powers, and allows their representation as a tag.)
Dungarvan/Dún Garbhán

Tipperary/Urmhumhain:
Nenagh/Aonach Urmhumhan
Roscrea/Ros Cré
Cashel/Caiseal
Tipperary/Tiobraid Árann
Clonmel/Cluain Meala
Carrick/Carraig na Siúire (Technically new as part of Tipperary but represents the same area as Carrickbeg - the castle and main part of the town were on the Tipperary side of the river.)

Kilkenny/Cill Chainnigh: (Part of the Leinster area)
Kilkenny/Cill Chainnigh
Gowran/Gabhrán (County Kilkenny is too large and important to be represented as a single location when e.g. County Longford is two and County Cavan is three! Gowran was very relevant as the former seat of the Kingdom of Ossory, and the would shortly become the residence of the Butlers of Ormond before they secured Kilkenny itself.)
Carlow/Ceatharlach
Borris/An Bhuiríos (I've added this as the historic seat of the MacMurrough-Kavanaughs of Leinster. Giving them another location also allows for the addition of a tag for the Irish of County Wicklow, who were a perennial threat to Kildare, Wicklow, and the Pale.)

The Wexford and Wicklow areas have been included for illustrative purposes but have not been changed since my previous comment.

munster countries.png

Political setup:
I've expanded the holdings of Butlers of Ormond pretty drasticly here. Whilst Nenagh would be controlled by the Gaelic O'Kennedy family for much of the next 200 years, in 1337 it was still the main political centre of the Butlers, and would only be abandoned to the Gaels once the acquired Gowran and then Kilkenny. The Clanwilliam Burkes owning Cashel is an error - if they are to hold any land in County Tipperary it should be Tipperary itself, part of the Barony of Clanwilliam. Regardless their would always be Castleconnell in County Limerick. Regardless is Tipperary is held by Clanwilliam or Ormond, it should definitely not be held by Desmond, who only owned territory in the counties of Cork, Waterford, Limerick, and Kerry. Additionally, whilst the Desmond FitzGeralds owned much of the territory of County Cork, they did not own the city itself - there's a reason the main seat of the Earls was Youghal. Accordingly I have assigned it to the Pale, though the Earls will definitely look to change this.

Fermoy/Mallow was at this time ruled by the Norman Roche family rather than the Gaelic MacCarthy Mors, but to represent them you would have to separate the County Cork and County Limerick territories of the Desmond FitzGeralds, which is probably undesirable - I've given the location to Desmond. Adding representation of the Beara peninsula allows the O'Sullivans to move out from the Barony of Carbery, which was always controlled by a branch of the MacCarthy Mors, albeit an autonomous (if loyal) one.

As of the Battle of Dysert O'Dea, I believe Limerick should be back in the hands of the Kings of Thomond, if only temporarily. I'm not 100% certain of this, though, and if your team has good reason to believe the FitzGeralds still held the city that's fine too.

As for new tags:

Giving the MacMurrough-Kavanaughs a new location in Carlow allows the splitting off the O'Tooles/Ó Tuathail of Imaal/Uí Mháil. This tag also represents the O'Byrnes/Ó Broin who were closely-related and always closely-aligned politically. Both these clans would be some of the biggest threats to the Pale, and would make life hell for settlers in Wicklow and Arklow. They would also be influential in the Confederation of Kilkenny in the 17th century.

I've also added the tag of Decies for the Norman le Poer or Powers family - it varies! They would grow in power over time, eventually being made Marquesses of Waterford, and would be in a prime position to take the city Waterford as the power of the crown in Ireland recedes to the Pale.

I toyed with adding the Norman FitzMaurices of Kerry in the three provinces of Norman-controlled Kerry, who were close relatives of the FItzGeralds. However at the Baron Maurice FitzMaurice had been arrested for murder and had had his lands seized (this happens a LOT in Ireland in this period - maybe add an event!!!). However, by 1339 Maurice would die and be replaced by his son John, who would seek to regain his lands. This would make a pretty compelling early-game threat/event chain for Desmond imo.


Ireland.png

Here's what everything looks like when put together! Hopefully this is helpful!
 
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Sorta disappointed to see Connaught used as the spelling. Sort of hoping won't be a long term thing, the name is a fairly outdated relic of British rule and personally I'd feel Connacht is a better choice both as it is what is currently used and is closer go the Irish name for the region.
 
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Sorta disappointed to see Connaught used as the spelling. Sort of hoping won't be a long term thing, the name is a fairly outdated relic of British rule and personally I'd feel Connacht is a better choice both as it is what is currently used and is closer go the Irish name for the region.
Hopefully the name depends on who controls the area.
 
What would the correct level of stratification look like to you? I'm curious about the general ratio of peasants (petty landowners) vs tribesmen (landless mobile) and how that would vary in each part of Ireland.
Regarding the ratio of peasants to tribesmen, I'd say the number of "landless mobile" would be close to zero. It's not really something that accurately describes how gaelic society worked in the 14th century. There was a class of "landless freemen", but they weren't nomads wandering across a territory, they mostly worked for the landed freemen or the aristocracy as labourers (perhaps closest to peasants?).

I suspect "Tribal" just isnt' a good fit for Gaelic Ireland. It might be better portrayed with the same social stratifications as the rest of Europe, but with very different privileges and laws.
 
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