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Tinto Maps #6 - 14th of June 2024 - Great Britain & Ireland

Hello everyone. @Pavía and the rest of the Content Design team are busy working on the feedback for the previous Tinto Maps, so I'm standing in for this week.

I'm @SaintDaveUK, some of you might have seen me here and there on the forums, but the long story short is that I work on a very secret game whose name I am contractually obligated to redact. That's right, it's ███████ ██████!

This week you get a double-whammy, mostly because it’s really hard to show Britain on its own on a screenshot. Partly to side-step the “British Isles” naming controversy, but mainly because the gameplay of them both is so different, this part of Europa is divided into 2 distinct regions: Great Britain and Ireland.

Climate​

The mild Oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb) dominates the isles. Where it cools towards the inland Pennines and the Scottish Highlands (Köppen Cfc), we represent it with the wintry and dreich Continental climate.

climate.jpg




Topography​

The isles are dominated by green and pleasant flatlands and low rolling hills, the peripheries punctuated by rocky mountains and craggy highlands.

We would like to add some more impassable locations in northern England and the Scottish borders to make manoeuvres a little more interesting and strategic, but would like suggestions from people more familiar with the Pennines.

[Edit: 16 June added the missing map]

topography.JPG


Vegetation​

The great moors, bogs, and fens are represented by Sparse vegetation, meanwhile much of the land is still wooded.

vegetation.jpg




Raw Materials​

The raw goods situation aims to reflect the economic reality of medieval Britain. Shepherding was common on every corner of the islands, a lot of the wool produced was sold to the industrial hub of the Low Countries to be manufactured into cloth, which was in turn sold back to British markets.

The further north-west we go, the less fertile the terrain, and as such the greater reliance on pastoral farming such as livestock over wheat. The western hills and valleys also expose a greater number of mineral delights, including the historic stannary mines of Devon and Cornwall.

raw_materials.jpg




Markets​

As you can see the two starting markets are London and Dublin. Aside from London we could have chosen almost any town, from Aberdeen to Bristol. We chose Dublin as it was the main trade centre in Ireland, and also because it handsomely splits the isles to the East and West of the Pennines, demonstrating the impact that terrain can have on dynamic Market attraction.

They are both shades of red because they are coloured after the market centre’s top overlord country – market control is a viable playstyle and we like to think of it as a form of map painting for countries not focused on traditional conquest routes.

market.jpg




Culture​

We have decided to go with a monolithic English culture. We could have forced the introduction of a second Northumbrian or even third Mercian culture, but typically they were not really considered separate peoples. The English, though diverse in origin and with a variety of dialects, had already begun to coalesce in the face of the Viking invasions hundreds of years before.

Scotland, conversely, is a real porridge of cultures. The Lowland Scots (who speak a dialect of Northumbrian English that later develops into the Scots language) dominate their kingdom from their wealthy burghs, and are gradually encroaching onto the pastoral lands of the Gaelic Highlanders. The Norse-Gaelic clansmen watch from the Western Isles, with some old settlements remaining around Galloway. The far north, ironically called Sutherland, retains some Norse presence.

Wales, conquered for around a century by this point, plays host to English burghers looking to make a few quid, as well as the descendants of Norman adventurer knights in the marcher lordships, but is still majority Welsh-speaking from Anglesey to Cardiff.

The Anglo-Irish (representing the spectrum from Cambro-Norman knights to the so-called ‘Old English’ settlers) live in great numbers in the south-eastern trading towns from Dublin to Cork, as well as in smaller numbers in frontier outposts.

The cosmopolitan towns across the isles are also home to people from elsewhere in Europe, most notably Flemish weavers from the Low Countries, though their numbers are too small to impact the mapmode.

The Norman ███████ dominates as the ██████████████ for both of the kingdoms and their subjects. The conquest of 1066 is no longer fresh, but the continuing bonds between the aristocratic classes of England, Scotland, and France have kept the French language alive and strong.

culture.jpg






Religion​

I decided that it's not even worth taking a screenshot of the Religion map mode. There are tiny minorities of Jewish people in some Scottish and Irish towns (they had been expelled from England), but they are so small in number they don't even register on the map mode

Other than that, it's all Catholic. But not for long.

> John Wycliffe has entered the chat.


Areas​

Based on the 4 provinces of Ireland (sorry Meath) and splitting England roughly into the larger Anglo-Saxon earldoms which have some similarity with the modern Regions (sorry Yorkshire).

areas.jpg





Provinces​

We have fixed the colours of the Provinces mapmode so you can see the individual provinces a bit more clearly. These are largely based on the historic counties, which have remained fairly constant throughout history, while merging some of those that are too small.

We’ve almost certainly offended someone.

The ancient Scottish shires are pretty messy and difficult to coalesce into neat provinces, so any suggestions for better arrangement there would be very welcome.

provinces.jpg




Locations​


You might notice that the locations in Ireland are varyingly written in both English and in Irish. This is because we have the new system up-and-running where we can name Locations by the primary culture of the country they are owned by.

This means that for example London might be called Londres if it was ruled by a Catalan country. It’s currently a WIP feature and we might add more elements, such as a game setting to base the name on dominant culture of the location instead, or to just use default (English) names.

locations.jpg




Government Types​

As with most of Europe, most of the countries are under some monarchy or another, but the Irish tuathas begin with the Tribe government type. This, among other mechanics such as [redacted] helps to give them a very unique playing style in Europe.

government.jpg


Countries​

England

England of course stands as the dominant kingdom in the isles. Despite having a lot of power resting on the barons, the country is fairly unitary even at this point, with very little practical separation between the crown’s power in somewhere like Kent versus Yorkshire. However there are notable exceptions.

The powerful Burgesses estate in the City of London enjoys ancient freedoms from royal power, while the king peers in from the Crown’s seat of power in neighbouring Westminster.

The County Palatine of Durham is not represented by a country, but buildings that give the Clergy Estate a huge amount of power in the locations it is present in. This also ties into political gameplay as a ██████████ ██████.

The newly created Duchy of Cornwall—the only duchy in England at the time—would also not be represented well by the Cornwall country, being a disparate set of manorial holdings that are ironically mostly in Devon. Cornwall of course exists as a releasable country though.

The Isle of Man is a little less certain. For now we have it as a subject of England. On paper it was a ‘kingdom’ awarded to William Montagu, the king’s favourite, however we aren’t sure if he actually wielded any real power on the isle. It changed hands between England and Scotland numerous times in this period, but in practice it appears to have been governed by a local council of barons. Any more details on exactly what was going on here in this period would be greatly appreciated.

These decisions have been made because as England heaves itself out of the feudal system, we thought it would be best if the small-fry inward-looking internal politicking is handled through the Estates and [redacted] systems, and then the diplomacy tracks are freed up for the English player to behave more outwardly against other major countries.

Wales

Though subjugated by conquest, Wales was not formally annexed into the Kingdom of England until the mid 1500s. As such the principality begins as a Dominion subject under England.

Those familiar with Welsh history will note that historically the Principality of Wales didn’t extend much beyond the old kingdom of Gywnedd. Much of the country to the southeast was in fact ruled by marcher lords, which we represent with a powerful Nobility estate in the valleys and beyond.

There is an alternative vision of Wales that I would like to gauge opinion on, and that is expanding it to include the Earldom of Chester and the marches on the English side of the modern border. If you are an Englishman familiar with modern borders this might look alarming, but these lands were also constitutionally ambiguous parts of the “Welsh Marches” until the 1500s. This will hand over to the Wales player the full responsibility of dealing with the marcher lords, allowing England to focus on bigger picture issues like beating France.

Ireland

Ireland is going through a moment of change. English royal power is centred on the Lordship of the Pale, the king’s Dominion ruling out of Dublin Castle. However, it struggles to keep a grasp on the rebellious Hiberno-Norman earls scattered around the island - some of whom remain as vassals, some of whom have managed to slip free of royal control.

The Tanistry system of succession endemic to the Gaelic Irish has its advantages, but it can also lead to chaotic feuds between rival branches. The so-called Burke Civil War has fractured the powerful Earldom of Ulster into rival Burke cousins who jealously feud over their shrinking lordships in Connaught. Native Irish princes of the north have reconquered most of their own lands from the de Burghs, but there are also two rival O’Neill cousins who style themselves King of Tyrone either side of the River Bann.

The feuding Irish lack a unifying figure, but anyone powerful enough could theoretically claim the title of High King. The former provincial kingdoms, such as Meath and Connacht, enjoy the elevated rank of Duchy, giving them a slight edge in the High Kingship selection.

Scotland

The chancer Edward Balliol continues his attempt for the Scottish throne, with England’s tacit permission. It’s hard to determine the exact lands held by Balliol in 1337, but we know his disinherited loyalists hold the castle of Perth while his English allies had seized large tracts of the lowlands from Bruce. Balliol has also bought the loyalty of the MacDonald and the other Hebridean galley lords by granting them remote land on the west coast of the mainland.

Meanwhile, Scotland’s canny regent Sir Andrew de Moray launches his decisive counterattack as his true king, David II de Bruce, waits in exile in France.

political.jpg


Dynasties​

We know about Plantagenet, Balliol, and Bruce, so I've zoomed in on Ireland to show the ruling dynasties of the various chieftains and earls.

dynasty.jpg


Population​

Excuse the seams and the greyscale mapmode. We have something better in the pipeline...

population_country.jpg
population_location.jpg




Well, thats it for now!

As always the team is eagerly awaiting your feedback and looking forward to the discussions. We’ll try to keep on top of the thread, but we have a teambuilding activity this afternoon so it might be a little more sporadic than usual!

Next week: Anatolia!
 
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You're claiming this was a choice. "Didn't want to spend resources" is not the case. "Hadn't the resources to spend on it" is more accurate. Richard brought two armies to subdue Ireland in the 14th century. One of them had some success securing submissions but these were swiftly abandoned after the army left. The second caused him to lose his crown in England.

It's slightly simplistic to suggest that it was a case of "they could have done it if they wanted to". It was beyond them and a new political strategy had to be devised in the 16th century in order to make headway and even that took 70 years and a lot of coin and bloodshed to come to fruition.
Remember that England will not necessarily have the same troubled 14th century in game as she had historically. Had Edward III expanded the same resources to subjugate Ireland as was spent fighting France (I am not saying this would have been a good investment) then I suspect that he would have succeeded.
 
This may be a little late in the day but I've had a go at redrawing Wales. I'll note the major changes:

Added locations:
Denbigh - split off from the principality-owned castle of Conway to represent the marcher lordship of Denbigh, which was an important battleground in the Welsh revolts. Could also be called Ruthin.
Flint - important as it was governed separately from the rest of Wales as part of Cheshire - it also emphasises Wrexham's status as an inland trading centre rather than a port town. Could also be St Asaph.
A new north-west wales province - (Clwyd?) could be formed from Denbigh, Wrexham, and Flint.

Cardigan, Aberystwyth, and Fishguard are all awkwardly shaped and Cardigan and Fishguard do not contain their cities. Fishguard now more accurately represents the Welsh-speaking half of Pembrokeshire - Pembroke can now more accurately represent Little England.

I've split Carmarthernshire between the Principality-owned area in the north (Carmarthen), and Kidwelly in the South.. This allows an icnreased level of political granularity and also subdivides what was at the time one of the most economically important shires of Wales.

I've barely touched the relatively-sparsely populated areas of modern Powys except to make them more accurately match the shire borders.

Caerphilly now takes up its position representing the South Wales valleys more accurately, emphasising Swansea and Cardiff's status as port towns. Drawing Glamorgan more accurately has given space to split the important castle and port town of Newport off from the inland, more heavily anglicised Monmouth.

Additionally, Wales is the most mountainous part of Britain south of Scotland, and I accordingly added two wastelands to represent the Cambrian mountains and Brecon beacons, emphasising the still-extant division between western and eastern Wales.
 

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This may be a little late in the day but I've had a go at redrawing Wales. I'll note the major changes:

Added locations:
Denbigh - split off from the principality-owned castle of Conway to represent the marcher lordship of Denbigh, which was an important battleground in the Welsh revolts. Could also be called Ruthin.
Flint - important as it was governed separately from the rest of Wales as part of Cheshire - it also emphasises Wrexham's status as an inland trading centre rather than a port town. Could also be St Asaph.
A new north-west wales province - (Clwyd?) could be formed from Denbigh, Wrexham, and Flint.

Cardigan, Aberystwyth, and Fishguard are all awkwardly shaped and Cardigan and Fishguard do not contain their cities. Fishguard now more accurately represents the Welsh-speaking half of Pembrokeshire - Pembroke can now more accurately represent Little England.

I've split Carmarthernshire between the Principality-owned area in the north (Carmarthen), and Kidwelly in the South.. This allows an icnreased level of political granularity and also subdivides what was at the time one of the most economically important shires of Wales.

I've barely touched the relatively-sparsely populated areas of modern Powys except to make them more accurately match the shire borders.

Caerphilly now takes up its position representing the South Wales valleys more accurately, emphasising Swansea and Cardiff's status as port towns. Drawing Glamorgan more accurately has given space to split the important castle and port town of Newport off from the inland, more heavily anglicised Monmouth.

Additionally, Wales is the most mountainous part of Britain south of Scotland, and I accordingly added two wastelands to represent the Cambrian mountains and Brecon beacons, emphasising the still-extant division between western and eastern Wales.
As for the provinces, here's what I have:

Gwynedd/Carnarvonshire: Conway, Carnarvon, Anglesey, Harlech
Clwyd/Denbighsire: Denbigh, Wrexham, Flint
Powys/Montgomeryshire: Montgomery, Radnor, Brecknock
Ceredigion/Cardiganshire: Cardigan, Aberystwyth, Carmarthen(?)
Dyfed/Pembrokeshire: Fishguard, Pembroke, Kidwelly, maybe Carmarthen
Morgannwg/Glamorgan: Swansea, Cardiff, Caerphilly
Gwent/Monmouthshire: Monmouth, Newport

I'd also add significant Welsh minorities to Oswestry, Ludlow, and Kington.
 
Some progress on England locations and provinces based on everyone's feedback here. Ignore the obvious errors like ripon and norton being bordered.

View attachment 1149754
Currently writing a longer proposal, but I'm glad to see much of what I'd suggest already implemented! Incredible update on both the density and the naming of the locations and the province borders

Before posting further suggestions, I have just one short criticism - I'm really sad to see Beverley cut from the map, it was nice seeing it in the original proposal, as it was early in the period the 10th largest settlement in England, and has been for centuries (even today) the capital of the East Riding. There should definitely be space for its inclusion, despite the proximity to Hull!
 
Sure, there should still be options, but those options should still at least somewhat reflect the historical reality. The crown tried to conquer Ireland in the 14th century, and failed. They couldn’t even subdue Wicklow, a small region right next to Dublin, never mind the entire island.

The efforts to subdue Ireland under Edward III were not pursued with anything like the care or investment that went into the war with France, during his reign it was very much a side project. Under his grandson you had an incompetent English king facing up against, if I am not mistaken, a quite talented group of Irish leaders. I would not take Richard II's failures as indicative of what a more competent English king could have achieved in the 14th or 15th century. Also, I do not see how England conquering all of Ireland through the pale would be any less ahistorical. I have no problem with making it a bit more challenging to conquer Ireland than it is in say EUIV, I just don't like the idea of forcing one specific method of subjugation.

In addition to the control mechanic which should make it less attractive to hold the land directly in early game, there is also the cost benefit of sending troops to conquer the relatively poor land of Ireland, when any casualties taken will negatively affect your population and hence your economy. Such casualties may be augmented by the terrain you need to fight in in Ireland. The Culture may also mean that maintaining control will be more difficult, at least early on. These are just what I can think off with our current limited knowledge of the game. It is quite possible there will be other mechanics that will make Ireland a less attractive target of direct conquest. You do not need to have a specific rule that says you can only hold Irish land through the Pale until tech x or year y. Instead you could simply have the infrastructure and building needed to exert effective control only be available after tech x if you want to make direct conquest less attractive. A good example how a rule I hate is that M&T3 you cannot attack other countries until you finish the 100 year war. This to me feels very gamey and I fear the discussed Ireland mechanic may prove to be the same.
 
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all of the welsh marches should be either within england as subjects of the english crown outside the prinicipality of wales, or should be entirely within wales as a legal jurisdiction seperate from england proper. since it was legally distinct from both principality wales and regular england.

edit: you know actually, its not that simple, because the english side of the marches, (like the shired parts) were understood as part of england, existed as shires before the establishment of the marches, and were included in all the regular government systems like chancery courts n that. its just that they also were included in all the structures pertaining to the marches, to the same degree the welsh side was.

so the existing solution also works as a compromise..

wales and the marches, with an understanding of which parts are wales or not, outside of a couple small lordships on the border that were long diputed between england and various welsh kingdoms, like the welsh speaking bit of hereford.
 
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Remember that England will not necessarily have the same troubled 14th century in game as she had historically. Had Edward III expanded the same resources to subjugate Ireland as was spent fighting France (I am not saying this would have been a good investment) then I suspect that he would have succeeded.

England had a troubled 14th century and 15th century. I think that any game that doesn't depict those troubles is not going to represent England accurately. Don't forget after the Bruce Invasion and the De Burgh the Irish colony was already in dire straits. There was never going to be a quick remedy for any English king regardless of where their focus lay. And Edward III did invest send armies to Ireland with justiciars but they only met with very minor success.
 
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The efforts to subdue Ireland under Edward III were not pursued with anything like the care or investment that went into the war with France, during his reign it was very much a side project. Under his grandson you had an incompetent English king facing up against, if I am not mistaken, a quite talented group of Irish leaders. I would not take Richard II's failures as indicative of what a more competent English king could have achieved in the 14th or 15th century. Also, I do not see how England conquering all of Ireland through the pale would be any less ahistorical. I have no problem with making it a bit more challenging to conquer Ireland than it is in say EUIV, I just don't like the idea of forcing one specific method of subjugation.

In addition to the control mechanic which should make it less attractive to hold the land directly in early game, there is also the cost benefit of sending troops to conquer the relatively poor land of Ireland, when any casualties taken will negatively affect your population and hence your economy. Such casualties may be augmented by the terrain you need to fight in in Ireland. The Culture may also mean that maintaining control will be more difficult, at least early on. These are just what I can think off with our current limited knowledge of the game. It is quite possible there will be other mechanics that will make Ireland a less attractive target of direct conquest. You do not need to have a specific rule that says you can only hold Irish land through the Pale until tech x or year y. Instead you could simply have the infrastructure and building needed to exert effective control only be available after tech x if you want to make direct conquest less attractive. A good example how a rule I hate is that M&T3 you cannot attack other countries until you finish the 100 year war. This to me feels very gamey and I fear the discussed Ireland mechanic may prove to be the same.
I would question whether or not the English crown could pursue the subjugation of Ireland with anything like the investment that it commited to the war with France, given the administrative realities of the time. The potential payoffs from the wars in France were much higher than in Ireland, even just from looting and ransoms, never mind the potential for land and titles. The crown could rely on more support from the nobility as well as financing than would apply to an invasion of Ireland. But that's a kind of limitation that hasn't been reflected in EU games to date, so some other kind of speed-bump to hinder expansion in Ireland will probably be necessary.

But I think that's secondary to the question of whether England should be able to hold territory in Ireland, rather than the Pale. I wouldn't realy have a problem with that, as long as a) the AI wouldn't do it, and b) it would be an amazingly subobtimal thing for a player to do, resulting in a net loss as you net essentially no income from the province and are constantly having to put down rebellions.
 
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It would be quite difficult to map it out exactly, but Scotland under Balliol would be very much in England’s shadow. The following is all very speculative and depends on events and mechanics.

Maybe there should be an event for a victorious Balliol-led Scotland to hand over the territory ceded by Scotland (Lothian and the south) to England in the 1334 Treaty of Newcastle, with an unhappy Edward III if the request if refused. Scotland itself would have to be subject to England in some sense I think, Balliol seems very reliant on England by 1337.

David II would still be in exile under the protection of France, so maybe there should be some interaction where France can put him back on the throne depending on the circumstances of the Hundred Years War.

I posted earlier in the thread about Lothian being pretty devastated by Balliol and Edward’s occupation, the same would be true of much of Scotland. It would be a very difficult country to control.

If there were to be a tag or tags representing the landholders disinherited by Robert the Bruce after Bannockburn who supported Balliol and Edward in their campaigns, an Earldom of Buchan tag ruled by Henry de Beaumont or his successors based in the north-east might be a good candidate.
To add on to this, if Bailliol wins, there's a strong argument that Scotland as a whole should become a vassal of England, with England taking the borders and Beaumont becoming Earl of Buchan, possibly also holding the Earldom of Atholl, as his daughter was married to the David Strathbogie, who was killed at Culblean.
 
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I'm not very sure of this, but from when do we consider that Norn is it's own language and not Norwegian? And in these cases, will cultures evolve (like colonizers cultures split in Eu4), and therfore we'll have Norn?
 
England had a troubled 14th century and 15th century. I think that any game that doesn't depict those troubles is not going to represent England accurately. Don't forget after the Bruce Invasion and the De Burgh the Irish colony was already in dire straits. There was never going to be a quick remedy for any English king regardless of where their focus lay. And Edward III did invest send armies to Ireland with justiciars but they only met with very minor success.
I think it would be a mistake to railroad England into having the the same troubled period in the 14th and 15th century that it had historically, with no way for the player or AI to avoid it. In EUIV the War of the Roses made sense since Henry VI was already on the throne but with a start date of 1337 and an Edward III still in his youth it makes no sense to force a weak Richard II, or a Lancastrian succession on England, let alone the War of the Roses.

As for Edward III and Ireland, it was very much an auxiliary theatre during his reign. Much more important and richer pickings in France and even in Scotland.
 
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Since the community seems about 50:50 split on separating English culture, here's a sketch of how a Northern English culture could look. It's far from a definitive choice, just to extend the discussion a little.


View attachment 1149186
As someone who originally endorsed splitting the English cultures, I want to say that its probably best for England to remain culturally unified for now and this argument can be revisited once we know fully how the culture mechanic will work and what impact it will have on the player
 
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To add on to this, if Bailliol wins, there's a strong argument that Scotland as a whole should become a vassal of England, with England taking the borders and Beaumont becoming Earl of Buchan, possibly also holding the Earldom of Atholl, as his daughter was married to the David Strathbogie, who was killed at Culblean.
Any thoughts on which provinces and locations Beaumont should control in this scenario? Does it also make sense for some or all of the territory of the Earls of Ross to come under the control of The Isles if Balliol wins(as I believe they did historically at a later date), considering wartime allegiances?
 
I would question whether or not the English crown could pursue the subjugation of Ireland with anything like the investment that it commited to the war with France, given the administrative realities of the time. The potential payoffs from the wars in France were much higher than in Ireland, even just from looting and ransoms, never mind the potential for land and titles. The crown could rely on more support from the nobility as well as financing than would apply to an invasion of Ireland. But that's a kind of limitation that hasn't been reflected in EU games to date, so some other kind of speed-bump to hinder expansion in Ireland will probably be necessary.

But I think that's secondary to the question of whether England should be able to hold territory in Ireland, rather than the Pale. I wouldn't realy have a problem with that, as long as a) the AI wouldn't do it, and b) it would be an amazingly suboptimal thing for a player to do, resulting in a net loss as you net essentially no income from the province and are constantly having to put down rebellions.
I do not disagree with your point about the nobility likely being less likely to support a conquest of Ireland rather than France for the very reasons you mention, and there was also the real politik of France and Scotland not going away if England decided to focus on Ireland. In fact these two things combined may be the way to limit early English adventures in Ireland. If one the one hand the wars with Scotland and France are challenging then the player and AI will be less likely to embark on early Irish adventures until those matters are settled, as it would be an unnecessary risk with comparatively little reward. You could also have an event whereby England loosing the hundred year war and giving up all territories on the continent would anger the nobility and be the catalyst to a War of the Roses style disaster, with the nobility switching their support to a claimant they think can restore the country's fortunes. This in my view would be a much more dynamic and better way to both deal with the war of the roses and discouraging an early Irish conquest than having a historic War of the Roses that fires at a given time no matter what happens in game, or forcing a player to only conquer land in Ireland for the Pale.
 
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Any thoughts on which provinces and locations Beaumont should control in this scenario? Does it also make sense for some or all of the territory of the Earls of Ross to come under the control of The Isles if Balliol wins(as I believe they did historically at a later date), considering wartime allegiances?
I would think Beaumont would hold Buchan, Strathbogie, and Aberdeen on your most updated map, with Atholl and Breadalbane going to Atholl.

Definitely it would make sense for the Isles to take Skye, and also possibly Lochaber, as it would be logical for Balliol to take lands from Moray as the strongest supporters of Bruce. I could also see them taking Lorne and Etive.

Balliol's strongest holdings would be in Galloway and presumably the coastal royal burghs in both the Lowlands and the Highlands - by that logic I could see reducing Moray to only hold Badenoch and Mortlach.

Robert Stewart was a canny politician and was willing to play both sides, so it could make sense to have an on map Steward holding parts of Strathclyde and Ayrshire, but I could also see the argument that as the last kinsman of the Bruce he would be disinherited as well.

Per the Treaty of Newcastle, England would hold most of Lothian and all of Teviotdale - Linlithgow, Edinburgh, Dunbar, Duns, Peebles, Selkirk, Jedburgh, Hawick, Annan, and Dumfries.
 
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Tell me you know jack shit about Portugal without telling me you know jack shit about Portugal

Best regards

Did you actually read the conversation?

Or are you seriously telling me that Portugual and Spanish really should be one culture?
 
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