Proposed Changes for Brandenburg
The quoted post already a good post that addresses the current inconsistencies. The current division of the provinces is already relatively good (locations aside for now), but unfortunately, the geographical division of the provinces doesn't fit at all.
Below, I have listed all the regions that I would historically consider the provinces of Brandenburg. Everything else (Havelland, Teltow, etc.) I would allocate under these provinces as locations, particularly into the Mittelmark in this case.
Proposed Provinces:
- Altmark
- Prignitz
- Ruppin
- Uckermark
- Mittelmark
- Neumark
Altmark
- Geographical Location: The Altmark lies west of the Elbe River, forming the western frontier of the Margraviate of Brandenburg.
- Difference to current tinto map: The Altmark currently extends too far east beyond the Elbe, covering land that belongs to Prignitz. The Altmark must end at the Elbe and contain the currently displayed locations of Osterburg, Salzwedel, Stendal, Gardelegen. The Prignitz would begin east of the Elbe.
- Historical Context: Known as the original heartland of Brandenburg, the Altmark was pivotal in the German eastward expansion (Ostsiedlung). It was a significant agricultural and trade region, with Stendal serving as the central hub.
- Major Cities: Stendal, Salzwedel
- Key Features: Rivers: The Elbe and its tributaries. Landscape: Mainly flat, with fertile soil that supports agriculture.
Prignitz
- Geographical Location: Situated in the northwestern part of Brandenburg, the Prignitz is bordered by the Elbe River to the west.
- Difference to current tinto map: Prignitz is currently not represented as a province at all. It should begin east of the Elbe (what is currently considered part of Altmark on the Tinto map) and must then encompass the two currently depicted locations of Havelberg and Wittstock.
- Historical Context: Prignitz was a vital trade area with extensive waterways, linking it to major trade routes.
- Major Cities: Perleberg, Wittenberge
- Key Features: Rivers: Elbe and Stepenitz. Landscape: Characterized by rolling hills and extensive forests, with agricultural land interspersed.
Ruppin
- Geographical Location: Located in the northwest, Ruppin is bounded by the Havel River and numerous lakes.
- Difference to current tinto map: Ruppin should only contain the currently displayed location of Ruppin itself. Havelberg belongs to Prignitz and Potsdam and Brandenburg to the Mittelmark.
- Historical Context: The County of Ruppin was a semi-autonomous region within Brandenburg, ruled by the Counts of Lindow-Ruppin.
- Major Cities: Neuruppin, Gransee
- Key Features: Lakes: Ruppiner See and other glacial lakes. Landscape: A mix of dense forests and open fields, ideal for both agriculture and defense.
Uckermark
- Geographical Location: Situated in the northeastern part of Brandenburg, bordering Pomerania and Mecklenburg.
- Difference to current tinto map: I think Uckermark is okayish right now.
- Historical Context: The Uckermark was a contested region due to its strategic location. It played a crucial role in the power dynamics between Brandenburg and neighboring territories.
- Major Cities: Prenzlau, Templin Key Features: Rivers: Ucker and Randow. Landscape: Features fertile plains, forests, and lakes, making it a prosperous agricultural area.
Mittelmark
- Geographical Location: The central core of Brandenburg, including areas around Berlin and Potsdam.
- Difference to current tinto map: The Mittelmark currently appears the most incorrect. Historically, it stretched from west (Altmark) to east up to the Oder, but it currently has more of a north-south extension so to display it more correctly it should include the currently displayed locations of: Brandenburg, Potsdam, Teltow, Berlin, Beeskow, Lebus, Freienwalde
- Historical Context: As the political and economic heart of Brandenburg, the Mittelmark included vital landscapes such as Havelland, Teltow, Berlin etc. which were central to the region's development.
- Major Cities: Berlin, Brandenburg an der Havel, Potsdam
- Key Features: Rivers: Havel, Spree, and Nuthe. Landscape: Known for its varied topography, including fertile river valleys, rolling hills, and forests.
Neumark
- Geographical Location: Positioned east of the Oder River, the Neumark represents Brandenburg's eastern expansion.
- Difference to current tinto map: The Neumark has always extended east of the Oder, meaning it currently incorrectly includes areas west of the Oder. The following locations need to be removed and assigned to the Mittelmark: Freienwalde, Lebus.
- Historical Context: In 1337, the Neumark was a developing frontier region that played a significant role in the German colonization efforts in Eastern Europe.
- Major Cities: Küstrin (Kostrzyn), Soldin (Myślibórz)
- Key Features: Rivers: Oder and Warta. Landscape: Characterized by flat plains and river valleys, promoting agriculture and settlement.
All changes in the Tinto Map outlined:
Map Source Material:
Unfortunately, most maps are from later centuries, but since the Margraviate of Brandenburg did not undergo substantial and sustained changes from the mid-13th century, Map 2 and 3 can still be used. Map 1 is a modern visualization (not a historical source) of what it might have looked like in 1320. This is provided for comparison only.
Map 1:
de.m.wikipedia.org
Map 2
| Artist | Fix W. |
| Title | Die Kur Brandenburg im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert. |
| Description | Image extracted from page 75 of Die Territorialgeschichte des brandenburgisch preussischen Staates, im Auschluss an zehn historische Karten übersichtlich dargestellt, Fix W. Original held and digitised by the British Library.
Note: The colours, contrast and appearance of these illustrations are unlikely to be true to life. They are derived from scanned images that have been enhanced for machine interpretation and have been altered from their originals. |
| Date | 1869 |
| Accession number | British Library HMNTS 9385.eee.11. |
Map 3
Author: Nicolas Sanson, Paris
Title: Churfurstenthum und March Brandeburg 1657
Universitätsbibliothek Bern, Zentralbibliothek, Sammlung Ryhiner
I guess we found the same extremely sparse sources on the administrative structure then.
Administrative Units
Christopher Clark as well as
Wikipedia divide Brandenburg into 5 historical "Landschaften" (landscapes, which resemble provinces):
- Altmark, Mittelmark, Uckermark, Prignitz = Kurmark
- Altmark, Mittelmark, Uckermark, Prignitz + Neumark = Mark Brandenburg
This means Ruppin is not a Province, it's a Location (see below). To illustrate this, I tentatively drew some borders, based on some Wikipedia maps below (though it's a bit pointless without rivers which very often determine borders):
For more detail about Mark Brandenburg's system of rule,
see this Wikipedia article (translation):
"Only a little later, Emperor Charles IV's land register of 1375 distinguished three main parts: the Mark across the Elbe or Altmark (Marchia transalbeana alio nomine antiqua Marchia), the Middle Mark (Marchia media) and the Mark across the Oder (Marchia transoderana). The Middle Mark consisted of nine territories: Lebus, Barnim, Zauche, Teltow, Havelland, Glien (Löwenberg not mentioned),
Prignitz, Uckerland and the Lordship of Ruppin. These, the Altmark and the Mark across the Oder were mostly further subdivided (districts, counties). The late medieval written sources used the terms for the different administrative levels quite arbitrarily, with the same words often referring to different structures."
The naming is a bit inconsitent though; what is referred to as "territories" will be called "Kreise" from the 16th century onwards. In the 18th century, Landschaften are called Provinces (
see here). Thus, Mark Brandenburg's administrative structure was the following:
- Landschaften (Landscapes or Provinces): Altmark, Prignitz, Mittelmark, Uckermark, Neumark
- Kreise (Districts): Ruppin, Havelland, Glien-Löwenberg, etc.
- Rural communities, domain offices and noble manors, which are basically settlements (for Kyritz District, it's Kyritz, Babe, Bantikow, etc.)
Altmark
- Salzwedel
- Arendsee
- Seehausen
- Stendal
- Arneburg
- Tangermünde
Prignitz
Mittelmark
Uckermark
Neumark
Magdgeburg
- Luckenwalde (became part of Brandenburg-Prussia in 1680, but was not part of Mittelmark)
Maps for Districts (Kreise)
The only map that shows the
Kreise properly
is here (taken from William Hagen):
This map is very consistent with
the map shown above as well as the current Project Caesar setup. The current Project Caesar map is very well done IMO, but a couple of corrections could be done. In some cases, granularity got lost because it was too much (e.g., Prignitz has a very high number of districts); for Altmark, it seems a bit inconsistent, and in Uckermark, you have used the post-Napoleonic division (i.e. 3 districts instead of only 2).
Generally, I suggest using the names of the districts instead of the names of the cities, as is currently the case (Potsdam, Brandenburg, Herzfelde, etc.), and redrawing the map based on the districts. This way, the Provinces would resemble the Landschaften (Altmark, Prignitz, Mittelmark, Uckermark, Neumark) and the Locations would resemble the districts. You have done that already for Neumark as Sternberg, Landsberg, Soldin, etc. are all the historical districts (see map above).
This division of the Kurmark is also largely present in
this statistical description from 1804, i.e. before Prussia was torn apart by Napoleon, though some larger cities (Berlin, Charlottenburg, Frankfurt) had formed their own administrative units by then, and generally there is less granularity in this statistic. I also found these districts in another
topographical description of Brandenburg from 1775 which is much more detailed than the one from 1804.
Prignitz
I only found this map which is super low resolution and very detailed. The source also mentions that the division into East and West Prignitz was only in 1817 when the old districts were abolished.
(
source)
Altmark
(
source)
Uckermark
(source)
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Generally,
this website seems to have a really large portfolio of copperplate engravings (search for "kupferstich karte magdeburg" for instance). The only downside is that these maps are rather recent. But since the districts evolved in the 16th century and remained until the early 19th century (
source), I think you can confidently base your map on them. If I compare the map of Uckermark above with
this map here, then the division into the districts Templin, Prenzlau and Angermünde seems to be post-Napoleonic.
Just as an extra, but here is a
copperlate engraving of Magdeburg and Halle.
Summary
I suggest to remodel the map the following way:
- For Locations, use the districts shown above (according to William Hagen). The districts are largely consistent with the Historical Landscapes (Zauche, Barnim, Teltow, Havelland) which are still used today.
- Make Berlin significantly smaller. Until 1700, Berlin-Cölln was basically just Spreeinsel, in 1800, it encompassed parts of what is now Mitte (source), and the big expansion happened in the 19th century when it expanded toward the ring (the historic city walls). Modern-day Groß-Berlin (everything outside of the ring), which includes Charlottenburg, Spandau, Neukölln, Köpenick, etc., was only in 1920 (source).
- Use the names of the districts, i.e., rename Brandenburg to Havelland, Freienwalde to Oberbarnim, Herzfelde to Niederbarnim, Beeskow to Beeskow-Storkow, etc.
- Wittstock and Havelberg seem to be fine if you don't want to have 7 districts in Prignitz; the division into 2 districts is a post-Napoleonic construct. Perleberg seems to have a much richer history than Havelberg, and at least the website of the Hanse claims that Perleberg was the most important town in Prignitz. But whether you select Kyritz, Pritzwalk, Havelberg or Perleberg is a tough choice as they were all part of the Hanse.
- Rename Havelberg to Perleberg (the capital of later Westprignitz).
- Rename Wittstock to Kyritz (the capital of later Ostprignitz)
- Remove Potsdam (which is southwest of Berlin anyways).
- Add Glien-Löwenberg, Zauche, Luckenwalde. Note that administratively, Luckenwalde (and Jüterbog, Dahme, Jerichow) belongs to the Erzbistum Magdeburg, i.e. the Province of Magdeburg (source), and not Mittelmark.
- For Provinces, remodel according to the new province map I posted and use rivers as natural borders. Here is a great reference map for Brandenburg and its neigbors.
- Importantly, make Mittelmark and Neumark bigger; make Altmark and Uckermark smaller.
- Remove Citizi and Wesergau, remodel them to depict Magdeburg, Anhalt, Halberstadt and another Saxon Province (I don't know, maybe Sachsen-Wittenberg or Kursachsen?)
- Fix the borders of Mittelmark (which are far too south); as you can see on the maps I posted, Mittelmark is along a West-East axis, not North-South.
- For population, adjust numbers to match with sources available. Sources indicate that 900,000 wasn't even reached at the end of the 18th century. Using the figures given in the literature for later periods, an approximation can be made which makes 200,000 for the year 1337 seem plausible.
(
source)
(Re-)Naming of the Capital
It pains me, but I have to point out that using the name "Berlin-Cölln" would be more accurate for the timeline of Project Caesar as the name "Berlin" was only used after King Frederick I. decreed the merging of both cities and other settlements in 1709 (
source,
source). If you rename it to Berlin-Cölln, please make it possible via a decision to merge Berlin, Cölln, Friedrichswerder, Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt into the capital and royal seat of Berlin (which had 55k inhabitants at that point).
Population
- 1300: 200,000 (BLPB, 2022; Wikipedia, 2024b)
- 1486: 308,750; 1564: 381,000; 1617: 418,666; 1634: 300,000; 1690: 413,516; 1750: 767,354; 1800: 1,124,806 (all figures only Mark Brandenburg) (Wikipedia, 2024b)
- 1650: 1,65M. (Brandenburg-Prussia) (Whaley, 2012, p. 188)
- 1700: 500,000; 1740: 731,000 (only Mark Brandenburg) (Holmsten, 1991, p. 79)
Population ratio per province in 1750: Altmark 10%, Prignitz 9%, Mittelmark 43%, Uckermark 9%, Neumark 29% (Wikipedia, 2024b)
Oberbarnim: 1618: 13,000; 1631: 9,000 (Clark, 2007)
Berlin-Cölln: 1337: 4-5,000 inhabitants (Wikipedia, 2024a); 1450: 6,000 (Helbig, 1973, p. 30); 1448: 12,000 (Morris, 1994, p. 231); 1300: 8,000; 1800: 170,000: 1815: 200,000; 1845: 400,000; 1871: 800,000 (Stöver, 2013)
- During 14th century, Berlin-Cölln practically had the status of a free imperial city which protected Brandenburg against neighbors (Morris, 1994, p. 231)
Frankfurt (Oder): 1740: 10,000 inhabitants (Holmsten, 1991, p. 79)
Brandenburg an der Havel: 1740: 10,000 inhabitants (Holmsten, 1991, p. 79)
Economy
Generally, the lands of Brandenburg were described as being of poor quality or “infertile sand,” with sowing periods every 6, 9 or 12 years. Only the Havelland, Uckermark and Altmark were described as being fertile (Clark, 2007). In the course of the centuries, colonizers in Brandenburg experienced challenges due to the varying soil quality. Around 1337, Barnim only lost 1,5 % of all “Hufen” (mansi, hobae, coloniae), and in Altmark, Havelland and the Mittelmark plateaus the loss was only in moderate limits. Parts of Uckermark, Prignitz and Neumark, on the other hand, partly had very bad soil for agriculture. Along the Baltic Uplands in the “sandar zones,” 90%-100% of all Hufen were abandoned, in the northern parts Nordmark about 1/3. Between 1450–80, up to 30% of all Hufen were abandoned (Helbig, 1973, pp. 69–82).
Economic forms that played a major role for the Slavic population for centuries remained relevant for the local economy for a long time. These include
fishing as well as
honey hunting (Zeidlerei) which was an important until late 17th century, both for
honey and wax. Important locations of honey hunting were Havelland, Barnim, Teltow Uckermark. Lebus and Sternberg (Helbig, 1973, pp. 84–89).
Waterways played a major role for Brandenburg’s economy, as it was connecting the Oder River with the Elbe River through canals as well as the Spree River. 13th-century documents show that Brandenburg traders had a discount on tariffs in Hamburg which was one of Brandenburg's most important trading partners. Helbig (1973) mentions “wheat and rye, pig fat, pitch and potash, canvas and woad, copper, lead and tin, also herring and herring strand” as well as “wood, hops, honey, figs and spices, hides, deerskins, sheepskins and lambskins, wool and wool flocks, iron and iron tools“ (p. 118) that were exported by Markish traders for long-distance trade to Hamburg. Cloth had no tariffs for Markish traders if they sold their goods in Hamburg. The Elbe canal was built in 1663–8, connecting the Elbe River with the Spree River. The aim was to steer trade away from Leipzig to Berlin (Shennan, 1995, pp. 1618–1740).
The following cities in Mark Brandenburg were members of the Hanse: Berlin-Cölln, Brandenburg, Frankfurt (Oder), Havelberg, Kyritz, Perleberg, Pritzwalk (
Wikipedia).
Several mercantile policies were put in place in the 18th century. The planting of mulberry trees was encouraged in 1742 with massive subsidies, while the import of silk was banned in 1756. Likewise, there was a state monopoly in tobacco, timber, coffee, salt (Clark, 2007).
Industries:
Cloth and textiles played a major in the economy of Brandenburg. The
Peitz ironworks and hammer mill founded in Cottbus district in 1550 were the most important metallurgy center in the region until the late 19th century. In 1753 the
Malapane Hutte in Upper Silesia provided the first ironworks with a modern blast furnace in Germany (Clark, 2007).
Resources
Brandenburg is usually described as lacking in important resources such as silver, gold, iron, zinc and tin. Historical sources on resource gathering activities are relatively thin.
- Clay and sand in Oberbarnim for local markets (Helbig, 1973, pp. 148–149)
- Lumber was generally gathered in Brandenburg, mostly for local markets (Helbig, 1973, pp. 146–149)
- Wilde game wasn't specifically mentioned anywhere
- Fish
- Livestock breeding (cattle, horses, sheep) was important, but probably only covered the local markets (Helbig, 1973, pp. 129–132)
Topography
Generally it looks fine, Brandenburg is pretty flat and full of woods (which might have been forests at some point). You might consider whether you would like to turn some locations into marshes. There were vast marshes in Havelland (
Havelland Luch), along the Rhin river (
Rhinluch), the
Rotes Luch, and the Oderbruch (for the landform of Luch, i.e. marshy or boggy lowlands, in Brandenburg
see Wikipedia). Famously, the Swedes were trapped and defeated in one of those marshes at Fehrbellin in 1675. Exactly during this period, from 1675–1685, 15,000 hectares of marshes were drained in Havelland and turned into arable land. Almost 100 years later, under Frederick the Great, the deltas of the rivers Oder, Warthe and Netze were drained and 500 square kilometres of marshland turned into arable land (Clark, 2007). However, you might argue whether marshes were
the defining feature of the landscape, in some districts probably. The landscape is very similar to Poland which should have marshes, too, especially around Masuria. I found some
excellent maps showing the marshes in today's Brandenburg.
Adding a couple of lakes would be really nice. Brandenburg has a whole lot of lakes, such as the Wannsee, Müggelsee (both defining for Berlin),
Schwielochsee,
Sedlitzer See,
Senftenberger See,
Scharmützelsee,
Partwitzer See, etc. (
list here). Well if not for Brandenburg, for Mecklenburg it would see pretty important to add lakes (the
Mecklenburg Lake Plateau).
Reference for the sandar zone (beige) in Brandenburg:
(
source)
Culture
Markish and Brandenburhish
Markish and Brandenburgish, are you referring to the dialect (
seen on this map)? If so, then the influence of the Central German dialects on the Markish dialect only occurred in the 15th century with increasing economic and cultural exchange between Brandenburg and Saxony, especially during the Reformation, and it only happened in the area of Berlin and south of it.
Translated excerpt from Wikipedia:
"In the Berlin area and in southern Brandenburg, the Markish dialects have mixed with East Central German dialects since the 15th century to such an extent that only relatively few of the historical connections with East Low German are still visible there. On the one hand, this reflects the economic and cultural influence of the Wettin-Meissen region, including in the course of the Reformation, and on the other, the introduction of the High German chancellery language after the Hohenzollerns came to power (1415).[19] Berlinish and South Brandenburg German are therefore East Central German dialects today, not dialects of Markish (i.e. Low German)."
Suggestion: At the start of the game, it should be all Markish, and only later with the Reformation (or other factors) there could be a slow cultural change happening.
Polabian and Sorbian
As I understand, Markish is basically a Germanic-Slavic synthesis since Slavic culture had a major influence on German settlers in the Mark Brandenburg. Endings such as -ow, -in, -itz und -witz are of Slavic origin (Rudow, Mahlow, Teltow, etc.). Many Prussian noble families have Slavic roots (von Bülow, von Clausewitz).
In the 14th century, Zauche, Havelland and Ruppin had smaller Slavic-style (i.e. Polabian or Wendish) settlements, and Beeskow was “almost entirely surrounded by Slavic villages” (Helbig, 1973, p. 24). During the colonization of the 12th and 13th century, noble rulers were facing pre-German inhabitants in Altmark, Prignitz, and Ruppin in bigger numbers. Slavs were also involved in the agriculture in Uckermark. Many older Slavic settlements were present in Prignitz and other parts of the Mark Brandenburg. However, Slavs were also involved in the founding of new settlements under the leadership of German locators ("Lokatoren"). Often, a new German-style settlement suitable for crop rotation was founded near an existing old Slavic settlement. These Germanic settlements might have been using the Slavic name until both settlements merged at a point, accelerating the process of cultural merging. Generally, the Wendish population had the same rights as the Germanic population, and they were free to move into the cities (Helbig, 1973).
Despite the slow assimilation and partly displacement, Slavs continue to be mentioned in documents, in particular around Salzwedel, Stendal (Altmark), Templin, and Stolp (Uckermark). In the 14th century, the Wendish settlement type of the Kietz (which is still used for Berlin locations) was found in Havelland around the fortress of Brandenburg, Potsdam and Spandau. In the Oderland, too, Kietze were found, e.g., in Wretzin and Oderberg. (Stone, 2016).
--
Concerning the issue of the Thuringians: The
Sachsenspiegel (written betw. 1225–35) clearly addresses legal issues concerning “Wends” and “Saxons,” which means that the use of the term “Saxon” was of course common at that time (Stone, 2016).
Suggestion: Spread Polabian more evenly in Brandenburg, particularly in the districts that are mentioned in the literature, notably in Havelland, Beeskow-Storkow, along the Oder River, Salzwedel, and Uckermark. Markish should be used as a culture that represents the synthesis between German settlers and local Polabian/Sorbian culture.
Reference
Barzun, J., & Weinstein, D. (2024, July 26).
History of Europe: Migration, population, ethnicity. Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/history-of-Europe/Demographics
Berend, N., Urbańczyk, P., & Wiszewski, P. (2013).
Central Europe in the high Middle Ages: Bohemia, Hungary and Poland c. 900 – c. 1300. Cambridge University Press.
Brandenburgische Landeszentrale für politische Bildung [BLPB]. (2022, November).
Die Entstehung der Mark. Brandenburgische Landeszentrale für politische Bildung.
https://www.politische-bildung-brandenburg.de/themen/die-entstehung-der-mark
Brzechczyn, K. (Ed.). (2009).
Idealization XIII: Modeling in history. Rodopi.
Clark, C. M. (2007).
Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600–1947. Penguin Books.
Evans, R. J. W., & Wilson, P. H. (Eds.). (2012).
The Holy Roman Empire, 1495–1806: A European perspective. Brill.
Fulbrook, M. (2019).
A concise history of Germany (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Hagen, William.
Ordinary Prussians: Brandenburg Junkers and Villagers, 1500–1840. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Helbig, H. (1973).
Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft der Mark Brandenburg im Mittelalter. De Gruyter.
Hepburn, A. C. (2004).
Contested cities in the modern west. Palgrave Macmillan.
Hofrichter, H. (Ed.). (1995).
Stadtbaugeschichte von der Antike bis zur Neuzeit (3rd ed.). Vieweg.
Holmsten, G. (1991).
Brandenburg: Geschichte des Landes, seiner Städte und Regenten (2nd ed.). arani.
Jordan, W. C. (2002).
Europe in the High Middle Ages (D. Cannadine, Ed.). Penguin Books.
Malanima, P. (2009).
Pre-modern European economy: One thousand years (10th–19th centuries). Brill.
Martinelli, A., & Cavalli, A. (2020).
European society. Brill.
Morris, A. E. J. (1994).
History of urban form: Before the industrial revolutions (3rd ed.). Routledge.
Qazi, S. A. (2013).
Population geography. APH Pub. Corp.
Scott, T. (2012).
The city-state in Europe, 1000–1600: Hinterland, territory, region. Oxford University Press.
Shennan, M. (1995).
The rise of Brandenburg-Prussia, 1618–1740. Routledge.
Stone, G. (2016).
Slav outposts in Central European history: The Wends, Sorbs and Kashubs. Bloomsbury Academic.
Stöver, B. (2013).
Berlin: A short history (D. Stonecipher, Trans.). Beck.
Whaley, J. (2012).
Germany and the Holy Roman Empire. II: From the peace of Westphalia to the dissolution of the Reich: 1648–1806 (1st ed.). Oxford University Press.
Wiesner-Hanks, M. E. (2013).
Early Modern Europe, 1450–1789 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139381192
Wikipedia. (2024a). Einwohnerentwicklung von Berlin. In
Wikipedia.
https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Einwohnerentwicklung_von_Berlin&oldid=246774508
Wikipedia. (2024b). Mark Brandenburg. In
Wikipedia.
https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark_Brandenburg&oldid=247167041
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I am done with my research. Hope that you find it helpful.
To-do-List:
Population numbers (finished 30/07/24)Topography (finished 30/07/24)Review of Wittstock and Havelberg (01/08/2024)Cultures (01/08/2024)Resources (01/08/2024)
Germany has the highest density of locations in the world, as we wanted to portray the historical fragmentation of the HRE at the most detailed level of any Paradox GSG. There are a couple of things that we are aware of and we want to rework: the location connections (as in some places they are not obvious at all, and we want to make warfare in the HRE not impossible); and the transition between the German locations and those at their east, making it smoother (something that we will be doing in the review of Poland, Hungary and this region [e.g. for Bohemia]). A final comment: if you click on the spoiler button, you may be able to see 4 more detailed maps of the region.
The population of the HRE is… Fragmented. In that regard, Bohemia starts in a very strong position, with a strong competitor to its south (Austria) and north (Brandenburg). 
