Tinto Maps #11 - 19th of July 2024 - Scandinavia

[Chieron]

Also finland had this "kings road"/"kungsvägen"/"kuninkaantie" pretty important post road that went from Åland to Viborg along the coast. It was part of swedish postroad system which connected also Stockholm to important norwegian towns. I do not know if this road network is important enough to be added to the game, but it would be cool. If the finnish part of the road would be added, then the swedish and norvegian parts must be added as well probably. but I am not exactly sure where it was there.

Roads where mostly everywhere, especially in actually populated areas. I'm not sure, if this road should exist during the start of the game. If it does, most settled locations should probably already have a road network improvement, rendering it quite moot. We do not yet have a map of existing roads in 1337, however. Not saying that the Finnish king's road should not be included, but if it is included, then it feels like most of western Europe should have roads.

 

[Fulmen]

Viipuri (Viborg, Vyborg, Wyborg) castle was built in 1293. Official city rights were given in 1403, but it's mentioned as a city in some 1350s Vatican archive document. No idea about population. So I'm not stating it should be a city, or a town, but perhaps that's something to be looked at. Depends a lot on what the cutouts for towns and cities are.

Disclaimer: I'm writing this on my phone off memory, but can cite exact years and sources for things if so desired. Now on to the post.

It's worth specifying that there already was a wooden fort on Little Castle Island near Viborg*, and likely had been for centuries as we know Viborg existed as a Finnish (Karelian) settlement and trade hub already in at least the 800s AD. We know these things from archeological findings. Torgils Knutsson simply built the stone castle on top of the wooden fort, with the tower and walls receiving "upgrades" over the centuries (I have some pictures on my PC on what the castle is estimated to have looked like throughout the centuries, and some stuff in literature, that I can share, though it's kind of outside the scope of this thread, except maybe for the purpose of in-game graphics...).

Originally Viborg was located northwest of Little Castle Island, on Big Castle Island** on the northern shores of Viborg Bay, around the area of modern Monrepos, so from a defensive standpoint it was on the correct side of the Bay if we consider that the main threat to the settlement came from the east (Novgorod/Russia). Medieval Swedish sources already refer to this area as Old Viborg, Gamla Viborg. Some of this area is now under water. At some point, perhaps around the time Torgils Knutsson's stone castle was constructed on Little Castle Island, settlement spread to the mainland just southeast of the island itself, and so "New Viborg", what we know simply as Viborg, was born. Old Viborg gradually died out and settlement moved away from there, probably because it was in a less advantageous location trade-wise than "New Viborg", but this is my speculation.

At any rate, Viborg was an important city to Sweden, and thus also to Finland, charged with the defence of the realm from the east. Viborg Castle Province, Viborgs slottslän, to which Savonia belonged throughout much of the Swedish Middle Ages***, did not pay taxes to Åbo (and thus to Stockholm), instead using the taxes from its territory for the defence of the realm. It also at times conducted independent foreign diplomacy with Novgorod, the Hansa and the German monastic orders in the Baltic. In in-game terms, these are potentially grounds for some kind of vassal, specifically march, status. The city itself that had sprung up southeast of Little Castle Island received stone walls and, if memory serves, according to my sources it was one of only three cities in the Kingdom of Sweden to have them during the Middle Ages, the other two being Stockholm and Kalmar.

The city fell to the enemy for the first time only in 1710, and even that could have been avoided if the commander of the Swedish-Finnish forces nearby at Villmanstrand had had some initiative about him (IIRC there were also some forces at Fredrikshamn that could have aided the besieged city...). A sad but interesting bit of trivia here is that the fall of the city in 1710 saw Knut Posse's famous kettle in which he had concocted the ingredients for the famous 1495 Viborg Bang, which back then had scared off the besieging Novgorodians, who had come close to taking the city, was looted and carted off to Russia, never to be seen again. The Swedish-Finnish defenders of Viborg, who had been promised their freedom if they surrendered, likewise were carted off to Russia as slave labour, and perhaps some were sold as slaves to Turkey or Persia, as was the case with many other Finns, civilians and soldiers alike, taken by the Russian Army during the soon ensuing Great Wrath of 1713-1721.

*The spelling of Viborg varied. Throughout the centuries it was usually spelled Wiborg, Wiburg, Wiborgh or Wiburgh, but sometimes you'll also see Wÿborg, Wÿiborg, Wijborgh, Wijburgh, Wiiborg, etc., or especially in Russian maps starting from the 18th century, Vyborgie (ie = yat) or Vyborg, which is the modern Russian spelling of the city's name. The Finnish name and spelling Viipuri indicates the city's name was originally spelled with a U, like in the traditional German spelling Wiburg, or at the very least pronounced with a U as opposed to an O like you would in modern Swedish.

**Confusingly both the island the castle is on, and the much larger island northwest of it, where Old Viborg used to be, are referred to as Linnasaari, Castle Island, or Linnansaari, Castle's Island. I've specified "Little" and "Big", as in some Finnish sources, for clarity.

***Borgå Castle Province, which controlled lands deep into Nyland, was also subordinated to Viborg e.g. in the early 16th century and paid its taxes there instead of to Åbo.

 

[honkajoki]

Thanks for that, clearly you have great expertise. Just one question.

Some of this area is now under water.

Given that the land in Finland tends to rise after being pushed down in the ice age, turning seabed to dry land, what happened in Viipuri?

 

[Fulmen]

Thanks for that, clearly you have great expertise. Just one question.

Given that the land in Finland tends to rise after being pushed down in the ice age, turning seabed to dry land, what happened in Viipuri?

I recall reading that part of the area is now under water, but that's a good question to which I have no answer. It's not impossible that I've misremembered.

Also, there's some more information on what I wrote about in my previous post in this Viipuri's Finnish Literature Society (VSKS) text by Viljo Nissilä here, uploaded by the society onto the Wiipuri website, itself a VSKS portal.

While we both agreed in-game Kexholm borders should match the post Treaty of Stolbovo borders, it could add some flavor to represent the older border in the game, especially because it almost became part of the official border between Sweden and Russia.

It could, but it would likely require a rather small "state" to be added just to facilitate the relatively small area of the de jure Korela Uyezd left outside of Kexholms län, which in in-game terms probably isn't worth it. It depends of course on whether states will work similar to how they've worked in other PDX games thus far.

That aside, I just wanted to mention that I am happy about my feedback regarding the border on the Karelian Isthmus and the impassable territory in East Karelia evidently having been taken into account. Now in the newer "dev diaries" the southern border on the Isthmus is correct (the border could still cut through Retusaari Island (Kotlin Island) like it did historically at least since c. 1400 to 1617/1721, but I understand if the island is too small to represent that), and the impassable territory in East Karelia looks to be gone.

 

[Ipponen]

It could, but it would likely require a rather small "state" to be added just to facilitate the relatively small area of the de jure Korela Uyezd left outside of Kexholms län, which in in-game terms probably isn't worth it. It depends of course on whether states will work similar to how they've worked in other PDX games thus far.

Not a problem because you can take individual locations in peace deals:

Peace Treaties
A peace treaty can be the transfer of a location, province or area. It can also be to force another country to stop sending privateers, or transferring gold to you, or dismantling fortification in a location, humiliating them or any other of the dozens upon dozens of possible peace treaties of Project Caesar.

It's great that provinces don't have to be divided ahistorically into smaller provinces just to allow the creation of certain historical country borders.

 

[Fulmen]

Not a problem because you can take individual locations in peace deals:

I was thinking more of the economic and demographic implications. As an example in Vicky you don't want many small states with small populations because it messes with the POPs in some funky ways, at least that was the case in Vicky 2. But we'll see.

 

[Clyde Wallach]

The letter Å/å was introduced into Danish and Norwegian in the last century and should be replaced in all instances by Aa/aa.

Jämtland is the Swedish name of a province that at this time belongs to Norway. I'm not sure what the Norwegian name would be, but it wouldn't contain an ä.

Bergenhus Län should be Bergenhus Lehn. Blekinge should be Blekyng. Bohus Län should be Baahus Lehn.

Funen should be Funen & Laaland. Göinge should be Gønge.

So apparently, the Scandinavian languages in 1337 were close enough to each other that we can still effectively speak of them as different dialects of Old Norse. So how about we just use the Old Norse spelling for all of these and a whole bunch of other names?

Old Norse orthography - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

And by we I mean someone who speaks any of these languages natively and would have a much easier time than me compiling a list of changes.

 

[ivj9]

So apparently, the Scandinavian languages in 1337 were close enough to each other that we can still effectively speak of them as different dialects of Old Norse. So how about we just use the Old Norse spelling for all of these and a whole bunch of other names?

And by we I mean someone who speaks any of these languages natively and would have a much easier time than me compiling a list of changes.

This was discussed earlier in the thread. @Johan said older names are preferred, but it's never been confirmed that names will change automatically with time, so there was some understandable pushback.

I am confident that I could change most (if not all) the Norwegian location-names into their old forms, given that I can easily read both modern Norwegian and Old West Norse, but at this point I'd need some clarifications from the devs first.

Like, are the old names still preferred despite the pushback in this thread? Will they change automatically into more modern forms over time? Should completely archaic letters (like ǫ and œ) that will just confuse people be modernized or left as is?

 

[Clyde Wallach]

Fredrikshamn got its name from Frederick I, a Swedish king who in 1337 wasn't even a twinkle in his father's eye, a father who also wasn't even a twinkle in his father's eye, a father who also... you get my point. It should be renamed Veckelax.

Hedmark should be enlarged with Idre.

Bohus Län should be Baahus Lehn.

Göinge should be Gønge.

After further consideration, I think Bohus Län should be renamed to Ranafylke and Göinge to Gladsax & Gønge. Malmöhus should be enlarged with Borghandæholm (Hammershus) and renamed to Malmø & Borghandæholm. (To be more precise, they should be renamed to the Old Norse version of those names, but I don't know what those were.)

 

[Chieron]

After further consideration, I think Bohus Län should be renamed to Ranafylke and Göinge to Gladsax & Gønge. Malmöhus should be enlarged with Borghandæholm (Hammershus) and renamed to Malmø & Borghandæholm. (To be more precise, they should be renamed to the Old Norse version of those names, but I don't know what those were.)

Please keep the location and province names short. "Malmø & Borghandæholm" would likely be such a small fontsize that it becomes unreadible. Moving Bornholm from Sjaelland to Malmö is okay, but why would the island be represented in the province name?

 

[Clyde Wallach]

Please keep the location and province names short. "Malmø & Borghandæholm" would likely be such a small fontsize that it becomes unreadible. Moving Bornholm from Sjaelland to Malmö is okay, but why would the island be represented in the province name?

To avoid giving the same name to the province as to the location.

 

[Chieron]

To avoid giving the same name to the province as to the location.

Not too uncommon an occurance so far. And keeping it at "Malmöhus" would then suffice. Or something like Western Skåne ?

 

[Clyde Wallach]

Not too uncommon an occurance so far.

I try to avoid it when possible. Otherwise you might as well name all the provinces and areas after their most populated location in 1337 (in other words, treat them sort of like the markets) and be done with it.

Which wouldn't be an entirely stupid idea, now that I think about it. For better or worse, there would be no more naming debates.

And keeping it at "Malmöhus" would then suffice. Or something like Western Skåne ?

It's a good thing you mentioned that, because it reminded me of something that briefly bugged me when I first saw the province map but was quickly forgotten as I absorbed the deluge of information: Is that really the best way to divide Scania proper? I know it reflects the 1719 partition into 2 counties, but wouldn't it make more sense to have one province covering the more populous western and southwestern coasts and another covering the rest (to which Bornholm can be added)? An actual West and East Scania, in other words?

 

[Clyde Wallach]

Lake Saimaa in eastern Finland is Europe's 4th largest lake, though it doesn't look like it due to its shape and width. Between the Treaties of Åbo (1743) and Fredrikshamn (1809) it was situated on the Russo-Swedish border, and both countries maintained flotillas on the lake for at least part of that period. I think it should be depicted as 2 narrows, one to the north of present-day Savonlinna and one to the south.

 

[Shu'al]

Current Project Caesar locations of Södermanland:

Especially Kolmården is a bad name for location as it is the border forest between Södermanland and Östergötland and most of it actually is in Östergötland. But also Oppunda is uninterresting when Södermanland got several cities.


Sugested locations for Södermanland:

Tören (blue area) - This area of Södermanland county belonged to Stockholms slottslän
Telge (green area) - Modern name Södertälje. This is the area of Telgehus slottslän.
Nyköping (red area) - This is the area of Nyköpings slottslän.
Torshälla/Eskilstuna (yellow area) - This is the are of Eskilstuna län which was broken out of Gripsholms län. In 1337 Torshälla (got city privileges in 1317) was bigger than the neighboring Eskilstuna but Eskilstuna was also important as it was a bishop seat.
Strängnäs (purplearea) - The rest of Gripsholms län. Daga härad did originally belong to Nyköpings län.

 

[Daniel the Finlander]

Lake Saimaa in eastern Finland is Europe's 4th largest lake, though it doesn't look like it due to its shape and width. Between the Treaties of Åbo (1743) and Fredrikshamn (1809) it was situated on the Russo-Swedish border, and both countries maintained flotillas on the lake for at least part of that period. I think it should be depicted as 2 narrows, one to the north of present-day Savonlinna and one to the south.

Lake ships are not the same thing as ocean ships. While navigable lakes would be cool in many places on the map, they’d have to use unique ship types, and idk if they really want to do that. Not to mention gameplay issues of spending resources building ships that can only access a few tiny lakes…

 

[Clyde Wallach]

Lake ships are not the same thing as ocean ships.

That depends on the depth of the lake.

While navigable lakes would be cool in many places on the map, they’d have to use unique ship types, and idk if they really want to do that.

It doesn't sound terribly complicated.

Not to mention gameplay issues of spending resources building ships that can only access a few tiny lakes…

I'd hardly call the 33rd largest lake in the world "tiny." They already depict the Caspian divided into numerous locations, and there's literally a naval terrain code named Inland_sea. At which point between Saimaa and the Caspian does "tiny" begin in your estimation?

More to the point, what you do with these locations is entirely up to you. Major lakes that aren't on the border of hostile power are very unlikely to see any naval action, and as for those that are, you're not being forced to build ships there any more than you're being forced to make any other military decision. Right now you're complaining about the player being allowed to do something. These aren't "issues," these are options, something you'd think the player would want more of. "I was looking forward to doing my own version of the War of 1812, but I was put off when I found out I could deploy a fleet on Lake Erie," said no one ever. "They shouldn't have added that mountain pass, cause if you build a fort there it can only be attacked from 2 directions," as famously stated by the same people. "Naval terrain that can freeze over during winter shouldn't be a feature because it's an extra thing to consider when allocating military resources," is another famous complaint we hear from this crowd.

 

[Ipponen]

I hope late feedback is still being considered, as I have a few more changes in mind which I think would improve the map. The Scandinavia update seems to be WIP from the glimpses we've seen and we should still have Britain, Russia, Balkan and Egypt feedbacks before Scandinavia. Also, great work on the changes already implemented! It's awesome to see some of my own suggestions in the game along other people's suggestions.

The Wastelands in Northern Scandinavia

In the colonialism TT we can see two new wastelands that were added to Finnmark, while the northernmost wasteland in the Scandes was removed. Regarding the Finnmark wastelands, I like the idea but I think their positioning is a bit strange. The eastern wasteland covers a part of the Tana river, which, being a river, has many settlements along it. The central winter village of the historical Tenoby siida is located entirely within the wasteland, while the settlement of Karasjok is located on its border:

I highlighted the Tana river and its branches with blue.

Modern settlements are concentrated largely around the Tana river.

It looks like the wastelands were inspired by this post, but on the post the wastelands specifically do not overlap with Tana. I think it would make the most sense to have the wastelands correspond to these mountains, though I'm not exactly sure how much of an obstacle they actually are.

This would also work perfectly with the next section of this post, which has to do with location borders, but first I want to comment on the wasteland that was removed, by which I refer to this one:

I'm not sure if the wasteland should've been removed completely. The change seems to be based on this post by @rapido and, while I don't claim to know better than a person who has actually been there, at least on the map the area looks just as mountainous as the rest of the Scandes. It may be easy to traverse through certain valleys, but that could probably be said about many other parts of the mountain range too. Perhaps part of the wasteland could be preserved, but movement would be allowed through Kilpisjärvi, as shown on the map below. The area nowadays has a road going through it, and the road also corresponds to a river. This crossing also leads directly to Skibotn, so I wouldn't be surprised if this was part of the most popular path from Tornio to Skibotn. It would be great to have rapido's input on this though.

Swedish Claims in Finnmark

In the 1751 Treaty of Strömstad, Sweden and Denmark-Norway officially divided Finnmark between themselves. Before the treaty the inner Sámi siidas were disputed and they had to pay taxes to both countries at once. Sweden claimed the whole disputed area for itself and we have maps from the time showcasing the borders that Sweden claimed, such as this. This map from 1905 shows it with more accurate geography. I propose that this border should exist in game, not only because it corresponds well to historical siida borders, but also because Project Caesar is a game that simulates alt history. What if Sweden was able to receive everything that it claimed? Here is a map of how I think this should be done:

The map also shows my proposed wasteland changes, and how they would block movement between locations. It also has two new locations I suggest adding: Lappajärvi and Tenoby. Lappajärvi is simply a historical siida in the area that is currently missing, so it's not important to include. Tenoby on the other hand is more important because it fills in the space between my proposed border and the real/modern Finland-Norway border at the Tana river. Historically this sliver of land consisted of the northern parts of the Tenoby and Utsjok siidas. While Tenoby's winter village was situated on the southern coast of the Tana river, it is close enough to the proposed location that this inaccuracy is in my opinion excusable. The borders of the new siidas are based on a map from this Norwegian paper. The map is "Figur 2.2" on page 393. The borders of Porsanger are depicted a bit differently on my map because of feedback given by other people here.

With this setup combined with my earlier suggestions both Sweden and Norway would be able to form borders in Finnmark corresponding to the extent of the pre-Strömstad disputed territory.

I want to note that the names of Tenoby and Deatnu can be a bit confusing. Both are named after the Tana river (Deatnu in Northern Sámi). The current in-game location of Deatnu matches the modern municipality of Tana, but I've seen Tenoby also being referred to by the name of the river, at least in Finnish sources. Finnish Wikipedia refer to Deatnu on the other hand as "Tenonsuu" (The Mouth of Tana). On a map historical siidas found in this report by Finnmarkskommisjonen (Figur 4.1), the coastal siida (Deatnu) is referred to in Northern Sámi as "Deanodat" while Tenoby is "Deanusiida". However, another map with Sámi names simply calls Tana Deatnu. The best and most accurate way to name the locations would probably be to call Deatnu "Tana" in Norwegian, "Teno" in Finnish and "Deatnu" in Sámi. Tenoby would then be "Tenoby" in Norwegian, "Tenokylä" in Finnish and "Deanusiida" in Sámi.

Names:

Spoiler

Norwegian	Swedish	Finnish	Northern Sámi
Aviovara	Aviovara	Aviovaara	Ávjovárri
Kautokeino	Kautokeino	Koutokeino	Guovdageaidnu
Lappajärvi?	Lappajärvi	Lappojärvi	Láhpojávri
Tenoby	Tenoby	Tenokylä	Deanusiida

Locations in Kola

I decided to review the locations in Kola because I hadn't seen anyone give feedback on the area. I found several inaccuracies, mainly locations being placed wrong or having misspelled names. I used various sources, such as the Wikipedia page for Kolsky Uyezd, which has a list of pogosts in 1785, and some Russian language sites to get an idea of the settlements and administrative divisions in the area. Here's my suggestion for how Kola could be made more accurate, with sources and explanations below it:

Sources used:

• Wikipedia page for Kolsky Uyezd
• 1745 map of Russian Lappland on Wikipedia (Latin version)
• Maps of historical siidas on this page on ortodoks.org (In Norwegian. Also includes a list of names in the Sámi languages and Norwegian)
• Map of Sámi dialects and settlements in Russia on Wikipedia (Has a useful list of names below)
• Map of Sámi pogosts on lexicon.dobrohot.org (In Russian. I also used the site to look up information about the siidas)
• Konchanskaya Lop' and Terskaya Lop' sections on saami.su (In Russian)
• Map of Skolt Sámi siidas on Nordregio

Explanations:

Spoiler

• I redrew the borders of the locations to be closer to historical siidas/pogosts. The borders of Pechenga (Petzinka) would be especially good to represent, as it was the easternmost siida of the Russo-Norwegian shared area (Fellesdistrikt) before the modern Russo-Norwegian border was drawn. Similar to the border claimed by Sweden in Finnmark, it would've been plausible for Norway to receive the whole Fellesdistrikt for itself, with the border possibly matching Pechenga's eastern border.
• Relating to Pechenga and Fellesdistrikt, for the sake of immersion I divided the current Varanger location into the historical siidas of Neiden and Pasvik, both part of Fellesdistrikt. Despite Pasvik's territory reaching a bit east of the modern Russia-Norway border, the more recognizable border would probably be better and less confusing. To my knowledge this change shouldn't conflict with any more prominent Norwegian settlements in the area. (From the Steppe TT culture map it looks like the location is already split into two locations, but I don't know what they're called. Neiden and Pasvik would make the most sense to me.)
• A few locations on the current map have errors in their names. The errors seem to come from this map of Russian Lapland by Thomas Kithen or a similar source, as the names are exactly the same as the in-game map. Molouskoj is very likely a misspelling of Motovskoi (Motka) seen on the source maps while Mafelskoj is likely meant to be Maselskoi (Maselga) (Perhaps the map maker confused the long s with f?). I wasn't able to identify what Lekanstroj on the in-game map is, but from its location in relation to the other locations it probably is meant to be Iekastrov (Ekostrov).
• I wasn't able to identify Koliskoj, but on the 1745 map it is seen on the coast of a lake called Ozero Kola. It's very close to Kuolajärvi (Kola Lake) on the side of Kemi Lappmark, so perhaps they're the same? As Kuolajärvi should be part of Kemi Lappmark, I replaced Koliskoj in Western Kola with Babino/Akkala based on my sources.
• I wasn't able to find any mentions of Peszenskoi (even by googling the Cyrillic name and its romanizations), but it can be seen on the source maps. In the maps its placed on the eastern side of the Kola settlement and river, while the current in-game location is too far to the south and west. Because its historical place would overlap with the Kildin location and historical pogost, I think it should simply just not be included.
• I moved Kola a little bit to the west to work better in a setup based on historical pogost/siida borders.
• As already pointed out by someone, Prirechny is far too recent, established in 1960. Based on the maps of historical siidas, I moved Suenokele/Songelsk to its place and added Girvasozero in its old place. I made Girvasozero bigger than it was historically to avoid odd-looking borders.
• Notozero is another new addition based on historical siidas.
• While I was able to find Dalen Olina and Svetenoes on maps, I'm unsure if they were actual settlements or just geographical names, so I replaced them with historical siidas based on the source maps.

Names in different languages:

Spoiler

Russian	Norwegian	Swedish	Finnish	Karelian	Sámi
Babino/Babensky (Бабинo/Бабенский)	Ah´kel		Akkala		A´hkél (Akkala Sámi)
Ekostrov/Ekostrovsky (Экостров/Экостровский)			Jokostrov		Ču´kksuâl (Akkala Sámi)
Girvasozero (Гирвасозеро)	Hirvasjärvi		Hirvasjärvi		Sââ´rvesjäu´rr (Akkala Sámi)
Kildin/Kildinsky (Кильдин/Кильдинский)	Kildin		Kiltinä		Kiillt (Kildin Sámi)
Kola (Кола)	Kola	Kola	Kuola		Kuâlõk (Skolt Sámi)
Maselga/Maselgsky (Масельга/Масельгский)	Masel`ga		Maaselkä	Moašelgä? (Name of a village in Karelia with the exact same name)	Maaziell`k (Kildin Sámi)
Motka/Motovsky (Мотка/Мотовский)	Muetke		Muotka		Mue´tǩǩ (Skolt Sámi)
Notozero/Notozersky (Нотозеро/Нотозерский)	Nuortijärvi		Nuorttijärvi		Njuõʹttjäuʹrr (Skolt Sámi)
Nyavdema/Nyavdemsky (Нявдема/Нявдемский)	Neiden		Näätämö		Njauddâm (Skolt Sámi)
Pazreka/Pazretsky (Пазрека/Пазрецкий)	Pasvik		Paatsjoki		Paaččjokk (Skolt Sámi)
Pechenga/Pechengsky (Печенга/Печенгский)	Peisen		Petsamo		Peäccam (Skolt Sámi)
Ponoy (Поной)	Ponoj	Ponoj	Pyönne		Pɨenne (Ter Sámi)
Pyalitsa (Пялица)
Semiostrovsk/Semiostrovsky (Семиостровск/Семиостровский)	Norres (Danish)				Nyrr’t (syjjt) (Kildin Sámi)
Songelsk/Songelsky (Сонгельск/Сонгельский)	Suenjell		Suonikylä		Suõʹnnʼjel (Skolt Sámi)
Voroninsk/Voronensky (Воронинск/Вороненский)					Koarrdõgk (Kildin Sámi)
Yokanga/Yokangsky (Йоканьга/Йоканьгский)			Jokanga		Jofkjogk (Ter Sámi)

I also readjusted the borders of the provinces a little to correspond with a way the Kola Sámi were historically divided. Current Western Kola corresponds almost perfectly to the territory of the Konchanskaya Lapps, while North Kola corresponds to the Terskaya Lapps. Southern Kola works well to represent the Russian pogosts.

I also have a suggestion for locations in the northernmost part of the old Karelian wasteland. I've seen some suggestions for it by other people, such as extending Alakurtti to encompass some of the area. I however found some information about the historical Sámi settlements in the area. On the Wikipedia page for the historical Kolsky Uyezd, a place called Pyaozersky is mentioned as one of its pogosts. This corresponds to the lake Pyaozero in White Karelia. saami.su lists several siidas in the area, but only two of them were mentioned after 1607-1611, these being Pyaozersky (Пяозерский) and Orezersky (Орезерский). On this map the same siidas can be seen under the North Sámi names Oaivejávri and Orešjávri. (Also known as Bejauri and Orejauri in supposedly another Sámi language. I found these names from the paper Saamelainen asutus karjalassa.) I think these would be better than Alakurtti for two reasons: First, Alakurtti was historically part of Kuolajärvi on the Swedish side, so it wasn't even an independent parish or part of Russia. Second, it was a newer colonial settlement compared to the older Sámi settlements. Here's a sketch of the locations on a map that also includes my older suggestions (Alakurtti doesn't appear at all due to being part of Kuolajärvi. Also, Orezero has a question mark because its so obscure that I wasn't even able to find Finnish/Karelian names for it):

Names:

Spoiler

Russian	Finnish	Karelian	Sámi
Orezero/Orezersky (Орезеро/Орезерский)			Orešjávri/Orejauri (North Sámi/?)
Pyaozero/Pyaozersky (Пяозеро/Пяозерский)	Pääjärvi	Piäjärvi	Oaivejávri/Bejauri (North Sámi/?)

The names Orejauri and Bejauri are also used in this Swedish language source from 1828: Anteckningar om församlingarne i Kemi-lappmark af And. Joh. Sjögren. Maybe they could be the names in Swedish/Norwegian/Danish?

White Sea Salt Production

One major thing I discovered that is not currently represented on the map is the important salt production industry on the coast of the White Sea in Karelia. According to Karjalan kansan historia (Heikki Kirkinen, 1995), salt production became a major industry in the area in the 16th century, and became the largest source of wealth in the region. The salt was produced from sea water by boiling it inside large salt kettles. A salt brewery was known as a "varnitsa" to the Karelians and the word comes from Russian Варница. Varnitsas were most common in the area between Unezhma and Kem, but were also used a lot between Keret, Kovda, Kandalaksha and on the southern coast of Kola. At the peak of the industry, the Karelians had around 180 varnitsas and produced around 18 000 tonnes of salt per year. The German traveller Sigismund von Herberstein described how every winter the salt was brought to Novgorod using 2 000 horses.

Based on this, some coastal locations on White Karelia and Southern Kola should have salt as a raw material. I don't really know what the best way for determining the salt locations would be, but if we go by the density of varnitsas, the following map could be useful:

Saltworks on the coast of Dvina Bay at the end of the 16th century. From Karjala idän ja lännen välissä (Heikki Kirkkinen, 1970).
- Black dots: Varnitsa in use
- White dots: Unused varnitsa

The biggest singular concentration of varnitsas was in Keret (Fin. Kieretti), but the southern coast had more in total. The village of Porjalahti stands out too. Depending on balance there could be more or less salt locations.

Salt production required a lot of iron, as the salt kettles had to be replaced annually. While Russia had many large centers of iron production, most of the iron was used by the core areas of Russia. Instead they used local Karelian iron. In Karjala idän ja lännen välissä Kirkkinen mentiones many places that were a source of iron, such as Aunus (Olonets), Suoju (Shuya), Kiisi, Megra, Vaasena (Vazhiny) and Oshta. However, the village of Sunku (Shunga) is mentioned as one of the most important sources of iron (and coal) in Karelia. In Karjalan kansan historia Kirkkinen says that the Zaonezhye peninsula, which Shunga is a part of, was an abundant source of iron. In the 17th century many large Russian, German and Dutch owned smelting plants were built on the peninsula. Based on this, perhaps it would make sense for Shunga (or the in-game location corresponding to it) to have iron as a raw material.

Useful Resources

The paper Words and Varieties. Lexical Variation in Saami has a section and the end listing the names of various places in Finnmark, Lapland and Kola in Swedish, Norwegian and the local Sámi languages.

I also want the mention this report by Finnmarkskommisjonen again. Figur 4.1 shows a map of historical siidas in Norway with Northern Sámi names. The siidas don't seem to completely match the siidas in other maps though, probably because they were different at different times.

 

[Tantara]

The Wastelands in Northern Scandinavia

View attachment 1203684

I'm not sure if the wasteland should've been removed completely. The change seems to be based on this post by @rapido and, while I don't claim to know better than a person who has actually been there, at least on the map the area looks just as mountainous as the rest of the Scandes. It may be easy to traverse through certain valleys, but that could probably be said about many other parts of the mountain range too. Perhaps part of the wasteland could be preserved, but movement would be allowed through Kilpisjärvi, as shown on the map below. The area nowadays has a road going through it, and the road also corresponds to a river. This crossing also leads directly to Skibotn, so I wouldn't be surprised if this was part of the most popular path from Tornio to Skibotn. It would be great to have rapido's input on this though.
View attachment 1203690

I generally agree with your wasteland points here.

I am originally from the Tromso area, and while Rapido was techncially correct on the history, it still feels super weird that Northern Norway is so geographically exposed. Applying a standard of (a) "could an army realistically march through this area," and (b) could a state maintain standard administrative control across this terrain, I'd argue that the areas should probably have remained wasteland (except maybe a narrow corridor?).

It is technically possible to traverse the area on foot... in the same way that it is to cross the Himalayas, deserts, or other areas that Tinto Maps classify as "wasteland." In the summer, the area was incredibly marshy, and in the winter, you really need sleds/skis to move large quantities of people. Until industrial mechanization, I think it pretty inconceivable that a state could effectively move an army through these areas.

Regarding wasteland placement, I feel a better angle would be to simply rely on modern population heat maps to indicate which areas aren't really traversable. For example, the gray areas here probably do a decent job of indicating which areas you could label as "wasteland":

 

[Daniel the Finlander]

That depends on the depth of the lake.

Not really. Oceans can have huge waves and strong storms which lakes can never have. Also, logistically speaking on a lake you are never as far away from land as on ocean. I can see coastal ships (like galleys in eu4) being able to access lakes though.

It doesn't sound terribly complicated.

I didn’t say it was?

I'd hardly call the 33rd largest lake in the world "tiny." They already depict the Caspian divided into numerous locations, and there's literally a naval terrain code named Inland_sea. At which point between Saimaa and the Caspian does "tiny" begin in your estimation?

Tiny as in 1-3 locations in size. Which Saimaa pretty much is. The comparison to the Caspian is strange as the Caspian is not a lake, but an inland sea. The Caspain has a surface area of 371,000 km2 and average depth of 211 m compared to Saimaa’s 4,279 km2 and 17 m. It makes perfect sense to make the Caspian navigable. Can’t say the same for Lake Saimaa. Lake Ladoga, the largest lake in Europe, is a bit more reasonable, but as the devs have said no to navigable rivers, the option of linking the lake to the Gulf of Finland via the Neva is not available. Thus it too would only be about 4-6 more locations in size, and not really worth it to be navigable in my opinion. As an example of lakes that could be navigable, the Great Lakes in the Americas are probably the best example. Surface area is 244,106 km2 and average depth is 18–146 m which is pretty close to the Caspian Sea.

More to the point, what you do with these locations is entirely up to you. Major lakes that aren't on the border of hostile power are very unlikely to see any naval action, and as for those that are, you're not being forced to build ships there any more than you're being forced to make any other military decision. Right now you're complaining about the player being allowed to do something. These aren't "issues," these are options, something you'd think the player would want more of. "I was looking forward to doing my own version of the War of 1812, but I was put off when I found out I could deploy a fleet on Lake Erie," said no one ever. "They shouldn't have added that mountain pass, cause if you build a fort there it can only be attacked from 2 directions," as famously stated by the same people. "Naval terrain that can freeze over during winter shouldn't be a feature because it's an extra thing to consider when allocating military resources," is another famous complaint we hear from this crowd.

I’m complaining? Not really. At this point your post devolves into a weird strawman argument so I won’t bother writing anything else about this section.