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It seems to me that fortresses need to be greatly strengthened in order to prevent blitzkrieg style play, as right now they appear to be much weaker than they were historically. In 1500, a level 1 fortress should be brought down only with great difficulty. A level 2 fortress, such as Constantinople, should be almost invincible in 1500, certainly impossible to take without artillery.

The idea that a medium sized army without artillery could cut through a level 1 or 2 fortress like a hot knife through butter is utterly absurd. Think of what the turks brought against Constantinople in 1453, even at 15/1 odds with massive artillery support they almost failed to capture the city. :eek:.

The thing is, between 1500 and 1800, the importance of fixed defences steadily decreased in history, but in the game appears to increase. I believe a level 2 fortress was more powerful in 1500 than a level 6 fortress was in 1750. It would be foolish not to model this in the game.

I agree with most of what strategy said, and I also don't expect nor want the game to model every little detail of history, but is it unreasonable to expect historical accuracy where it can be implemented in the game?

I mean no disrespect to Paradox or the beta testers, but I don't understand why no significant measures have been implemented to prevent blitzkrieg strategy in an era of siege warfare, the religion factor seems to be hopelessly inadequate for this task. If I wanted to be able to conquer the whole world, I'd play Risk. :(
 
Greven: The labeling of the buttons 'bedecken' and 'belagern' have greatly confused German players into splitting their forces into innumerable smaller ones, because they thought, they would have to INITIATE siege by pressing these. This is not just stupidity - the 'stürmen' button in the same row works exactly like this.

Hartmann
 
Guys, I did not start this thread for nothing. The artillery is pretty useless compared to its historic performance in siege warfare. I NEVER buy artillery and now in 1680 Austria owns the Balkans, Northern Italy and half of Germany...and I never reload.

Also, the attrition curve during a march is much too high. There is also no provision for capturing guns, a feat which was often accomplished in those times. Guns simply do not vanish in reality. They are reused and kept in good shape. The only thing attriting cannons is shooting them. So, my proposal:

1)Reduce the march attrition by large amount.

2)Leave combat attrition as is.

3)Reduce normal attrition rate in provinces.

And Sap, your assumption about historical use of artillery is plainly wrong. I could cite the siege of Magdeburg in the Thirty Years War as one obvious example where artillery losses are non-existent in the sources.

Manstein
 
What the actual problem here guys is this. It's quite simple:


At the moment besieging armies can continue assaulting almost none stop as long as they have minimal moral, the human player can assault and assault and assault. Historically this would almost have never happened, no matter how charismatic your leader was, whether Sobieski, Gustavus, whoeever.

If the soldiers were that low on moral, bloodied out, exhausted they WOULD NOT continue the assault no matter what. In fact sometimes they would even desert.

Therefore, from now on everytime ones' army reaches minimal moral or loses it all, one will be unable to assault the fortress until moral reaches at least 3/4's full again.

In more dire circumstances the entire army may wave the white flag and retreat, even before there are over 70% losses as it is right now.

Or perhaps allow 2-3 assaults after army moral reaches total bottom, calculating the losses of the army during assaults at 3x or 4x normal levels. This option would only be used when one has a special leader with charismatic qualities who is popular for example..

Manstein,

I'll cite you 10 examples where I can quote you the *exact* opposite. The point is that neither you, nor me are right. Battles varied massively in history and one cannot just say it was 'ONLY LIKE THIS!'.


Sapura

[This message has been edited by Sapura (edited 24-11-2000).]
 
I tend to agree with Manstein that artillery attrition probably needs to be slightly remodeled.

The way I see it:

- Cannon should not be lost at all during movement unless there is noone left to pull them. The only exceptions would be movement through very rough terrain (jungles and swamps) and during wild retreats.

- When an army is in a province that cannot support it, cavalry should take the worst losses, followed by infantry. Artillery should remain unaffected until no more infantry or cavalry remains. It can be argued that the trained gunners also die, but this does not mean that the expensive cannon are abandoned, just that the effectiveness of the artillery is greatly reduced.

- The attrition during sieges should be moderate. This is true attrition, i.e. the pieces are worn out through use.

- The attrition during assaults should be heavier than during sieges to represent the more intense firing. However, since assaults are quick affairs you should have a lower total cannon loss than from a siege.

- Field battles should have about the same attrition rate as assaults, with a higher random factor. Lost field battles should often (but not always) result in enormous losses of cannon.

-It would be nice if the winner of a battle could capture some of the enemy's pieces.

IMO a scheme like this would be both more realistic and more playable than the present 'lose half your cannon in the assault and the other half to starvation' model.

But, I could be wrong... ;)

/Doomie
 
Sapura, me old carrot!

Therefore, from now on everytime ones' army reaches minimal moral or loses it all, one will be unable to assault the fortress until moral reaches at least 3/4's full again.

This is a very sensible proposal. I take it this will be included in the next patch..? I've been a little miffed at the ease with which you can blitz through provinces with a large enough force assaulting forts until they submit.

/Doomie
 
I support that! :) But I also think, Manstein´s proposal is worth considering. Artillery attrition should be set to a minimum, at least during marches and when just hanging round somewhere in a province.

Hartmann

[This message has been edited by Hartmann (edited 24-11-2000).]
 
Originally posted by Sapura:
Therefore, from now on everytime ones' army reaches minimal moral or loses it all, one will be unable to assault the fortress until moral reaches at least 3/4's full again. In more dire circumstances the entire army may wave the white flag and retreat, even before there are over 70% losses as it is right now.
That is the real problem ..

As far as I can see, what you most of all achieve with this change is to schew the game balance in a different way from previously:
1) Leaders with siege ratings become 10 times as powerful as previously (Enter Venice as the world land power with their +1 siege default leaders). A +1 siege leader with 10k men can easily conquor a lvl 2 fortress in one attack.
2) Likely to mess around with the game's AI since it often seems to assault at times when its chances are less than ideal.
3) Reduce the effectiveness of the minors that do not build artillery (I've seen several minors that don't do this, though I may be mistaken) - again an AI issue? In any case, even if they did, they'd be easy to neutralize because the AI doesn't realize that you have to employ ahistorical tactics (such as dividing your armies into corps very definitely is) to be able to use cavalry or artillery effectively.

Incidentally, you're not invalidating the blitzkrieg strategy, just changing the circumstances under which it is possible. One (hypothetical) way of achieving the same effect could be by feeding infantry into the province in pieces instead. Would require more troops, but would likely end up with the same effect. Or (as mentioned) if you have a +1 siege leader, you just do the blitz with whetever you have and win.

Other than that, reducing the viability of the continuous assault is a step in the right direction - though only part of the way. Doomdark/Manstein/Zagys all suggest nice changes, I (obviously) think, that coupled with the above suggestion would go a long way toward fixing the problem with artillery attrition vs sieges.

I'll cite you 10 examples where I can quote you the *exact* opposite. The point is that neither you, nor me are right. Battles varied massively in history and one cannot just say it was 'ONLY LIKE THIS!'. OK?


Then do so. Preferably examples where the sieging forces lost 6-10% of their artillery per month of operations, and double that amount during winter. I'd really love to read the sources where this is the case. :p

Battles vary from each other, but I very much doubt sieges did. At least I've read treatises very much suggesting that by the 'age of sieges' as the latter part of this period is occasionally called, the siege warfare had evolved into a science, with the expert siege master supposedly being able to predict exactly when a fortress would fall, given the cannon and men arraigned against it.

/Strategy

[This message has been edited by strategy (edited 24-11-2000).]
 
Johan, unfortunately, I do not know about this siege...still there is some very good reasoning in strat´s post. Siege warfare and building fortresses was an art especially during the 17th and 18th century. (Remember Vauban, Louis XIV. ingenious fortress expert?).

So, I still think the attrition rate is too high and some exotic examples don´t justify a general abstraction to levels of 10%. And the blitzkrieg strategy still needs to be remedied...

Manstein
 
Of the top of my head here's two,


Siege of Smolensk, Muscovites lost 10,000 men per season and more artillery than you can shake a kebab at trying to capture it from the Poles.

Siege of Pskov, 1580. Poles lay siege to Pskov, high losses of artillery as well.


Siege of Malbork, 1400's (something) against the Teutonic Knights.

The Knights successfully defend this fortress destroying most of the Poles' artillery (thought there were only about 10-20 artillery pieces) I believe.

Sapura
 
Interesting examples, but I would like to know how they lost their artillery? Were the cannon of such poor quality that they were worn out, was it destroyed by the enemy, or did it just sink in the mud?

/Doomie
 
France and the Netherlands are interesting examples though. In the particular region attrition levels where probably rather low historically, much from that the provinces were smaller and supply easier to get. If we talk about Eastern or Northern Europe attrition losses seem to be much higher. But I am of course refering to general attrition here. Now I neither think that cannons rust in dozen per month, but then against I don't that is what artillery attrition is about. someone said that any grunt could man and operate a cannon, but that is obviously wrong. It is not even a debatable fact by historians. A good gunner had long training and was more or less always belonging to a professional corps. If the important key personnel dies from starvation, diseases etc etc then you can loose 10% a month if that is the level of general attrition. But... perhaps someone says. If these guys were so special wouldn't they get better food, money, protection etc etc? and thus decreasing the attrition level for them. Well, diseases wasn't something that one could be protected from it hit blindly. Desertion have the same mechanism, thus infanterymen had the same rate as artillerymen. And THESE two factors was regularily what attrition consisted of. It was very rare that troopers starved to death.

/Greven
 
>Reduce artillery attrition on march, during >sieges, and in battle.
>Increase artillery attrition when >retreating.
>Reduce cavalry attrition during sieges.
>Increase the difficulties of assaulting a >fortress, at least in the early going (and >increase the effect of artillery in siege >operations - it would be nice if the >garrison also suffered losses).


fact & public opinion do seem to support this point of view

daz
 
Of the top of my head here's two,
Siege of Smolensk, Muscovites lost 10,000 men per season and more artillery than you can shake a kebab at trying to capture it from the Poles.


So in other words, one of the failed sieges (would be nice if you where a bit more precise about which one). Now my question to you is - did they loose those cannons during the siege? Or perhaps (which is more likely) when they were retreating in disarray from the siege, where it would be very hard to take their cannon along with them? Which one do you think is more likely?

Siege of Pskov, 1580. Poles lay siege to Pskov, high losses of artillery as well.

Another failed siege, right?

Siege of Malbork, 1400's (something) against the Teutonic Knights. The Knights successfully defend this fortress destroying most of the Poles' artillery (thought there were only about 10-20 artillery pieces) I believe.

Though I don't know anything about this siege (and it's outside the period), this still doesn't contradict what I've been saying.

I assume that Johan's Siege of Trondheim is another failed siege?

There is nothing strange about an army in retreat loosing a large (or all) of it's cannons (regardless of whether this is in a siege or battle). An army on retreat will by nature ditch its slower elements (like its cannons) - which is what I've been saying all along.

That an army looses 100% of its cannon (and 90% of the army) during a retreat after a 10 month siege does not equal that it has been loosing 10% of its cannon each month during the siege. I don't dispute the former (and the suggestions that I and others have given go exactly to model this by increasing losses during a retreat).

Examples of regular siege operations costing 6-10% loss in cannons per month are still wanted. And simmilar examples of armies on the march loosing the same rate of cannons in regular operations.

Greven - I do not have an MBA for the history of the 1500-1700, so I'll readily admit I'm no historical expert, but plain common sense and logic tells me that:

1) IF A good gunner had long training and was more or less always belonging to a professional corps THEN he is much less likely to desert than an ordinary footsoldier.

I think 5,000 years of human history in war will back me on this one.

2) IF I get good food, better shelter, better protection (arms), etc. THEN I am less likely to fall sick than someone who gets bad food, bad shelter, etc.

I think at least 10,000 years of human history (and any number of professional medics) will back me on this conclusion as well. ;)

IMO - cannon attrition is all about the cannon. If it isn't, cannon ought to be much cheaper than they are in the game (unmanned cannon can always be remanned - even if I have to get professionals to do it - a destroyed cannon can very rarely be rebuilt).

Incidentally, I find it very strange that you consider the 'art of artillery' so difficult, when cannons where used by the hundreds in warships, and where there definitely not always manned by 'trained professionals' (mortality rates on a man-o- war tended to be very high - the ships managed to keep firing nonetheless).

Regards,

/Strategy
 
Originally posted by strategy:


Incidentally, I find it very strange that you consider the 'art of artillery' so difficult, when cannons where used by the hundreds in warships, and where there definitely not always manned by 'trained professionals' (mortality rates on a man-o- war tended to be very high - the ships managed to keep firing nonetheless).


Early Siege guns were _not_ direct fire weapons (unlike the tiny field cannon of Swedish regiments or an eighteenth century man-of war ), consequently they needed individual calibration and a good grasp of mathematics to have a realistic chance of hitting their target...adjusting for the fall of shot was impractical as they moved markedly after each shot. Most artillery officers were simply mathematicians that might otherwise (and frequently did ) serve as architects etc.

Ballistics is *NOT* simple and has been at or near the forefront of applied math since the early ballistae were introduced ~500bc. The Greeks developed trigonometry initially for no reason other than easing the estimation of range and elevation; Later Charge size, type & moisture content; Missile density, weight & shape, Wind and humidity, even the hardness of the soil on which the carriage rested were all crudely estimated and accounted for; even today with plentiful field computers an artillery officer tends to require a better than average education...an artillery piece is *not* just a big rifle bore.

That aside, the biggest attrition is probably on the guns themselves: manufacturing them is equally difficult. Metallurgy advanced slowly and they were prone to manufacturing defects, metal fatigue and stress fractures inevitable. The first test/calibration firing (skipped in the early years) was particularly dangerous - they were prone to fragment; 20 or so shots later the bore was liable to split (with equally catastrophic effects on the crew ).

Capturing and displaying a used trophy cannon is one thing, symbols of power as they were; being foolhardy enough to use it though is altogether different. Containing a massive explosion (ie firing the gun) was a dicey game for all involved. Even A WW1 Dreadnought would have her main guns replaced after 25 shots, and each shot was adjusted for damage done to her rifling by all prior shots.

To cap all that off, in any battle or siege the enemy guns were *the* obvious target.

Being an artilleryman was hardly a cushy job with good prospects...you worked harder and died quicker.

Something I guess we don't much appreciate in days when common experience is of handguns, misfirings are rare & all one needs to do is point and pull a trigger. :)

Cheers,
Detritus.
 
Originally posted by strategy:


Strategy said:
Greven - I do not have an MBA for the history of the 1500-1700, so I'll readily admit I'm no historical expert, but plain common sense and logic tells me that:

1) IF A good gunner had long training and was more or less always belonging to a professional corps THEN he is much less likely to desert than an ordinary footsoldier.

I think 5,000 years of human history in war will back me on this one.

Greven said:
I would say no. The training and professionality of the artillerists of the time period you are referring to are not of the modern kind. That is some kind of Marine Corps Recon or the Napoleonic Old Guard. It has nothing to do with morale (well at least not that much). What I am implying, and I concede I wasn't to clear here was that the artillery 'communion' of the period was a kind of 'expert guild' not a elite combat unit. The developement of Vauban's among many things made siege a branch of warfare. Before Vauban the military communion viewed artillerists as civilians that did them service in times of war. So on the contrary I would say that 5000 years (minus the last 150 years) of history disconfirms your thesis. Even as I think it is fully correct from the 1840's and onwards. :)

Strategy said:
2) IF I get good food, better shelter, better protection (arms), etc. THEN I am less likely to fall sick than someone who gets bad food, bad shelter, etc.

I think at least 10,000 years of human history (and any number of professional medics) will back me on this conclusion as well. ;)

Greven said:
As do I if you read what I say. ;) However I am implying that the artillerists wasn't treated better than the infantery.

Strategy said:
IMO - cannon attrition is all about the cannon. If it isn't, cannon ought to be much cheaper than they are in the game (unmanned cannon can always be remanned - even if I have to get professionals to do it - a destroyed cannon can very rarely be rebuilt).

Greven said:
IMO - artillery attrition has nothing to to with cannon, but the death, diseases and defection of the men handling them. Cannon doesn't rust in a very great rate, the bottleneck was the professionals handling them. So the problem in my opinon is that you loose the cannon, perhaps they should be 'frozen' for a period of time until they could replace the crews.

Strategy said:
Incidentally, I find it very strange that you consider the 'art of artillery' so difficult, when cannons where used by the hundreds in warships, and where there definitely not always manned by 'trained professionals' (mortality rates on a man-o- war tended to be very high - the ships managed to keep firing nonetheless).

Greven said:
Heheh what initially ignited my response was actually the situation among the Navies of the world during the period. The personnel of the ship stations was highly professionalised and it is not very controversial to say that this was a fact long before the armies started to professionalize their branches. You are right by saying that mortality rates were high. I am of the same opinion. The only factor that made army artillist attrition rates higher was desertion. You don't desert on a ship. But one must have in mind that the total number of naval artillerists was very slim in comparison to a the army artillerists. I would say that England for example had very few bottlenecks here as they had a small army, but look at France which actually needed a a large artillery for here siege warfare in the Netherlands was cronically short of gunners for here navy.

Secondly, that it was harder to raise artillery than to raise infantery or cavalry I don't find especially strange. Your view that my opinion above is strange I believe comes from the fallacy of not taking in the calculation that the naval artillery was a 'fly in the space' in comparison to the army artillery and that is why your example fails.

Third, naval attrition and army attrition are on two different level in the game and are really not comparable (in game terms). The army artillery loose cannons, while the navy loose ships. Personally, Strategy, I think that the greatest problem with attrition in the game is its abstractedness. Losses in the navy seems to be MERELY from accidents and bad weather in which you loose you ships with all hands. Here I would have preferred something more detailed. That noone in this discussion feels really content with the way army attrition is portraited I take for granted. :)
I would prefer a system where the game mechanism really regarded the replacement system and the re-establishment of stragglers I the units. An example of a more preferable system is the attrion system in TOAW I & II. However it is not as simple as the presented in EU.

Another route to take would be to give priority to which branch would take the actual attrition. One could say like: 60% of all attrition is taken from infantry and 30% is taken from cavalry and 10 is taken from artillery. IF one thinks that better portraits the actualities.

P.S. I do not in any way imply that my educational level has anything to do with the strength of my arguments. The vast amount of sources and 'facts' make it more or less impossible to be an 'expert' in more than one or a few fields. Secondly I in no way value the words of an historian more than the words of an 'amateur'. In my view we are ALL historians... If we are good or bad depends upon our analysis and judgements. :)

/Greven
 
Detritus,

Yes,aiming the gun was an art (or science if you will) - but you only need one man to lay and aim the cannon (or even several cannon at a time). The bulk of the crew did not need to be (and were not) mathematicians.

And actually I agree with you, wear and tear will destroy some guns as time progresses -
but simply marching around with them?

Greven,

Regarding the MBA thing, I just realized that there is something about you having a degree in history (IIRC). I had forgotten this - no insult was intended. :eek:

Regarding the gun crews.

As I mentioned above - it takes only one man to aim a cannon. If you have 10 gun-captains and 9 of them die or run off, that single man left would still be able to aim and fire your 10 cannons. You might have a lower rate of fire (though I believe the rate of fire for much of this time was quite low anyway, so probably not).

The 10+ other men in the guncrew can desert and fall sick all they want - unlike the other branches of the army, with the artillery, it is the officers and the material that make all the difference. And at least by the 1650s these were (as you yourself mention), literate men - most often (IIRC) from the minor nobility and often officers.

To be very precise: my point is that it is attrition in these men (literate, wealthier and of higher social status than the ordinary soldier, etc.) and the wear and tear of the cannon that define whether a cannon becomes unusable or not. I do not believe that a gentleman cadet (who would typically be a volunteer) is as likely to desert as an ordinary soldier.

Incidentally, I feel the cost of artillery is just right (maybe even a little bit too cheap) - its the heavy attrition on them I object to, where a single war can usually wipe out several years production at the start of the game.

Another route to take would be to give priority to which branch would take the actual attrition. One could say like: 60% of all attrition is taken from infantry and 30% is taken from cavalry and 10 is taken from artillery. IF one thinks that better portraits the actualities.

I am actually surprised that this is not the way it (seems to) work in EU, since this is a standard wargames rule (in a sense). But of course, the question all of us on this thread are most interested in, is whether it is possible to edit some files so that it becomes possible (I would expect the answer is no, since I've not been able to find any such); or failing that, whether it is possible that there will be a patch incorporating some of the things mentioned on the thread (including Sapura's change).

Regards,

/Strategy
 
I suppose I should preface all my comments by first stating 'I have no experience with this game, I do not yet own it and am basing my opinions solely on comments made by other posters'.
Something does sound amiss with the artillery attrition however.

Originally posted by strategy:
Detritus,

Yes,aiming the gun was an art (or science if you will) - but you only need one man to lay and aim the cannon (or even several cannon at a time). The bulk of the crew did not need to be (and were not) mathematicians.

And actually I agree with you, wear and tear will destroy some guns as time progresses -
but simply marching around with them?

/Strategy

Certainly few officers were mathematicians I'd guess typically 50 or more gunners, levys and followers for each...and my comments *only* applied to siege weapons. Field guns guns use much lower trajectories (easy to aim) and don't have the same requirements to stay out of reach of enemy armaments, ( so used smaller charges and had vastly less wear and tear on the barrels )

It sounds as though I had guessed wrongly (that artillery numbers only represented siege weapons). Oh well.

Certainly IMO marching around with the guns caused some damage; they were damn heavy and the improvised carriages broke regularly...they *would* be remounted eventually though and the siege train numbers restored.

Sieges losses (due to counter artillery, sallies, and very short service life of the barrels) would be high, and losses from any form of retreat *immense*; fleeing at 3mph with a herd of oxen and the enemy goal isn't very pragmatic :)
IMHO there should be much lower attrition due to other events ...

Cheers,
Detritus
 
France and the Netherlands are interesting examples though. In the particular region attrition levels where probably rather low historically, much from that the provinces were smaller and supply easier to get. If we talk about Eastern or Northern Europe attrition losses seem to be much higher. But I am of course refering to general attrition here. Now I neither think that cannons rust in dozen per month, but then against I don't that is what artillery attrition is about. someone said that any grunt could man and operate a cannon, but that is obviously wrong. It is not even a debatable fact by historians. A good gunner had long training and was more or less always belonging to a professional corps. If the important key personnel dies from starvation, diseases etc etc then you can loose 10% a month if that is the level of general attrition. But... perhaps someone says. If these guys were so special wouldn't they get better food, money, protection etc etc? and thus decreasing the attrition level for them. Well, diseases wasn't something that one could be protected from it hit blindly. Desertion have the same mechanism, thus infanterymen had the same rate as artillerymen. And THESE two factors was regularily what attrition consisted of. It was very rare that troopers starved to death.
/Greven

Gents,
One factor you are all forgetting is that artillery then was very poorly made. Metalurgy was not a science then, various mixes of metals were used to make guns, making them in fact more prone to fail catastropically during prolonged use, add to this the methods used to create tubes then, hardly the precisely manifactured tubes of today, or even the first world war. IE explode after the tube was stressed too much by prolonged use, lack of standard bores and poor quality powder and missized ammo all contributed to the 'attrition' of gun tubes during campaigns. However since I do not have the game I cannot follow personally the results as quoted by other folks here. I do however like all the suggestions on how to improve the game and agree that the attrition rates as stated are very excessive, barring tubes exploding becuase of flaws/prolonged use, the other factors that would 'kill' tubes would be sallys, not easy as the battries were generally well defended, and counterbattery fire from guns in the fortifications. Cannon do NOT physically assault fortifications, only the infantry does this, and for most of the time frame covered in this game a vast majority of artillery was hardly mobile so once guns were sited in sieges they were rarely moved.
I believe Gustavus Adolphus was the first general to field a train of fast artillery of small bores but then again I may be wrong :D I do however recall reading that the hungarian cannon maker that made the monster tube the turks used at Byzantium during thier siege exploded after prolonged use and killed the guy who made the tube :D so you see it was risky to hold a wick to one of those tubes :D
Faruk the Impaitent
'Impaler of Infidels'