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Tinto Maps #18 - 13th of September 2024 - Persia & Caucasus

Hello everyone, and welcome to one more Tinto Maps! Today we will be taking a look at Persia and the Caucasus! These are regions that encompass several modern-day countries and regions (Iraq, Iran, Balochistan, Afghanistan, Transoxiana, etc.), but for the sake of simplicity, we decided to name this DD this. Let’s start, without further ado!

Countries:
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The region is quite interesting in 1337, as there are plenty of countries to play with. The Ilkhanate is still alive, but in name only, the real power being hosted by the Jalayirids, who are overlords of some of their neighbors (the Chobanids, and the Eretnids). Other countries, such as Gurgan, the Kartids, and Muzaffarids are also struggling to get the hegemony over the region. Meanwhile, the strongest power in the Caucasus is the Kingdom of Georgia, although the region is also quite fragmented among different polities.

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And speaking of the Ilkhanate, you may have wondered why isn’t it a unified tag… Well, it’s because we consider that it is clearly in decadence, having lost any grasp of authority over the provinces, so the best way of portraying it is through an International Organization. What we can see in this mapmode is that there are two pretenders to get the power, the Jalayarids and Gurgan, with the other countries still being formally part of it. I won’t talk more today about how it works and its features, but I’ll just say that there are two clear fates for the Ilkhanate: being dissolved, as historically happened, or being restored in full power as a unified country.

Dynasties:
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Not much to say today about the dynasties, as they’re akin to the country names, in most cases. Well, you might wonder which one is the yellow one, ruling over Gurgan… That country is ruled by the Borgijin, heirs of Genghis Khan. Now you get the full picture of their rule over the Ilkhanate being challenged by the Jalayirids, I think…

Locations:
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Provinces:
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Areas:
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Terrain:
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We’re back to a region with lots of different climates, topography, and vegetation. This will make it very unique, gameplay and looking-wise.

Harbors:
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You might notice that there are ports in the Caspian Sea… Because, well, it’s considered a sea in our game, so there can be ships and navies over it.

Cultures:
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There's quite a lot of cultural division throughout the region... The Caucasus is, well, the Caucasus, divided among lots of different people. Then we have the Iraqi and Kurdish in Iraq, Persian and a number of other cultures in Iran, Baloch in Balochistan, Afghan in Afghanistan, and Khorasani, Turkmen, Khorezm, Hazara, and Tajiks, among others, in Khorasan and Transoxiana.

Religions:
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Another interesting religious situation. Orthodox is the main religion in Georgia, and Miaphysitism in Armenia, with other confessions spread here and there throughout the Caucasus (Khabzeism, and three 'Pagan' confessions, Karachay-Balkar, Vainakh, and Lezgin). Then Iraq is divided among Sunni, to the north, and Shiism, to the south. And Iran is in an interesting situation, having a Sunni majority, but with some important Shiite pockets here and there. And Zoroastrianism, of course. It was not trivial to properly portray them, as we don't have good data for the 14th century. So what we did was some calculations, between sources that tell that there was still a majority as late as the 11th century, and the religion becoming severely reduced by the 16th century. Therefore, we decided to go with 20% of the population as a general rule of thumb; however, we're quite open to feedback over this matter.

Raw Materials:
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This region is full of rich resources, in stark contrast to the one we showed last week, Arabia. There are a couple of bugs on this mapmode that you might spot, I think.

Markets:
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This region has several markets: Tabriz, Baghdad, Esfahan, Hormuz, Nishapur, and Zaranj., This will make for regionally fragmented-but-integrated economies (that is, good market access everyhwere, but with regionally diverging economies).

Population:
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The total population of the region is around 9M, taking into account all the different areas that we’re showing today. That is divided into about 4.5M in Iran, 2M in Iraq, 1.5M in the Caucasus, and around 1.5M in Transoxiana.

And that’s all for today! Next Friday we will be taking a look at India! Yes, in its entirety; we think that it is the best way to do it, although we’ll talk more about it next week. Another change, only for next week: the DD will be published at 10:00 instead of the regular 15:00, as I won’t be available in the afternoon to reply. Letting you know so there’s a proper wow-pole-run, yes. See you!
 

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After reviewing far too many sources, Kurdistan:
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  1. Kalhor. Admittedly unmentioned in my source and for the most part details of their rule this far back are downright mythological, there's no reason to suppose they weren't around and this stretch of territory is unaccounted for otherwise (and we know Kurds were living there)
  2. Rankali/Rankaliyya/Zenkele/Zengele (note that translations of tribal names are gonna be rough). 2000 strong, ruled by one Jamal al-Din Talan/Balan
  3. Kelali/Kalaliyya/Gelali, 12,000 strong
  4. Kurani/Kuraniyya/Gorani, ruled by a Muhammed (maybe named Amir Muhammed, or possibly just their title?); 5000 strong
  5. Hasnuya/El-Xerlise, occupying a now-depopulated Shahrazor
  6. Ardalan; same deal as Kalhor in terms of stretching the available evidence to put them somewhere in 1337 but this chunk of territory is unaccounted for regardless and happens to include the city that they made their capital anyway (Sanadaj)
  7. Zebari/Zibari, 500 strong, under amir Shahab al-Din ibn Badr al-Din
  8. Saqiyya, numbering more than 700 men; ruled by amir Shuja al-Din Abu Bakr Ramaki
  9. What I'm going to call the Hadhur, based on their amir, Taj al-Din Hadhur ibn Suleyman. The location choice is a bit of a stretch (all I've got to worth with is "Bayn-el-Jabalayn" which apparently means "Gorge of Mountains" and this seems an appropriate location for such a gorge as any); apparently as numerous as the Kelali
  10. Due to my insistence on pervasive edits, there is no 10
  11. Kartawi/Qeryawiyan, numbering 4000 men; ruled by one Abu Bakr with the nickname of "Sayf al-Din"; heir is Shahab al-Din.
  12. Sabuli/Siyuliye, 2000 strong; split in two branches with one being rule dby Burek ibn Izz al-Din Resu ibn Mahmud and the other by amir Dawud
  13. Mazenjani/Mazanjaniyya/Mazencani, united with the Hemidi (that is, that they share an amir), 1500 men in total. Given considerable power in the region by the Ilkhanate. Ruled by Izz al-Din ibn Mubariz al-Din (whose real name was Kek)
  14. Donboli, residing in the mountains, numbering 1000 men and ruled by Kalbi/Kalti. Yazidi
  15. Sohri/Sehri/Schehri; evidently brigands, ruled by an amir Hosam.
  16. Hasbani/Hasnani, consisting of "several thousand men", ruled by amir Abdallah ibn Shahab al-Din Zani; close relations with the Kartawi for whom they closely associate for the facilitation of tax collection along the river valley traditionally used to pass through the region
  17. Merkewan/Mergewar (technically in the mountains but this works well enough and it seems more relevant than some unnamed tribe of 200 men)
  18. Zerzari, 5000 strong. Allies of Merkewan. Had many amirs, but it's unclear as to whether there was a direct line of them or who's actually alive now to lead the place. The amirs in question are Najm al-Din ibn Basak, his son Jendah, and his son Abdallah; Hosam Sher al-Saghir, Basak ibn Hsam Sher al-Kabir; Baha al-Din ibn Jamal-al-Din Abu Ali.
  19. Hakkari; 4000 strong. Ruled by amir Xars al-Din ibn Ali ibn Tarawusi. Notably not going to remain around much longer; historically replaced with Bahdinan in 1339 (there's a claim that it was ruled by Bahdinan since the Abbasids but besides the fact that this doesn't square up with my source, I found the original source of that and it seems the author gleaned it from "natives in the area" without ever actually visiting the place)
  20. Dasni/Raseni. Numbering 1000 strong. Ruled by amir Ala al-Din Kurek ibn Ibrahim. Yazidi.
  21. Jolemark/Colemerg. Numbering more than 3000. Hakari by origin. Ruled by the son of Kutb al-Din ibn Baha al-Din (this son goes unnamed in the text)
  22. Bohtan; not really covered in my sources but remaining the same as I identified previously
  23. The Principality of Hizan. Often a subject to Bitlis. We know nothing of the constituent tribe(s).
  24. The Principality of Bitlis, ruled by the Ruzagi. Current leader is Dia' al-Din.
  25. The Principality of Mus; a subservient principality to Bitlis. Ruled by the Ruzagi as well. Current leader is Shams al-Din, the brother if Dia' al-Din.
 
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(credit to @Georgian Noble)

That modern-imposed map may be of some use to you when modeling core Georgian dialects based on regions.

I personally disagree with the devs when it comes to the policy of "one dialect per culture", at least with regards to Georgia. Unless it is restricted by the core game design itself, I think a culture like Georgian should be able to have multiple dialects, determined by their respective regions, such as Imeretian in Imereti, or Kartlian in Kartli.
Kabardian was not present in 1337. The migration of Circassians to Kabardia happened after the conquests of Inal the Great in 15th century. Before that area was probably populated by Alans or Turkic nomads as Tinto map presents
 
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I think that the borders of the Historical Region of Baluchistan should be redrawed, the same applies to the borders of Mogostan and Larestan


Mirwari Tribe (Brahui) Should rule the Jhalawan Region But should be a vassal state of the Samma dynasty.
The alternative is to place this province under the direct rule of the Samma Dynasty.

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Kohistan


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Looking into more sources it seems more likely that the "Malik rulers" mentioned in Balochi traditions should correspond to the Hot (Kalmati) tribe who still ruled Makran when the Portuguese arrived. Also because of this, Malik Dinar should probably be from the Hot tribe, and the book I used (Dashti, 2012) makes a lot more sense when we replace "Saffarids" with the Hot/Kalmati.
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It's generally agreed by sources that Baluchistan was split into two main "kingdoms" (more like loose tribal alliances) in Makran and Turan, along with the other tribes in Sistan/Kharan and northwestern Sindh.
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The mention I made of the Rind-Lashari migrating out of western Makran in the 12th century seems to actually just be one of many interpretations of where "Alab" was, which is the place they came from before they moved to Bampur. The Rind-Lashari could technically be anywhere between Bampur and Kolwah (Bizenjo), but the events of their migration seemed to happen very quickly around the 15th/16th century, so I think it makes most sense to keep them in Bampur in 1337.
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While I was reading on Hormuz, Jagin was mentioned as having separate "princes" from Makran later on, and they may or may not be tributary to Hormuz in 1337.
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I'm not sure which tribe ruled Lasbela, I saw a couple mentions of Jatoi but they didn't seem convincing. It definitely wasn't the Mirwadi yet who only had direct rule as far south as Wadh up until the Kalat Khanate, and probably wasn't Makran either.
 
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What of Urmia? Keeping Donboli (the northern Donboli), it becomes a bit of an exclave, if kept under Jalayirids.

View attachment 1244769
No Donboli up north. Those aren't different factions; the Donboli moved around (and were moved around) a lot in this period.

EDIT: I've got a thing but it's in Turkish. Lemme get back to you on Donboli.
 
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What of Urmia? Keeping Donboli (the northern Donboli), it becomes a bit of an exclave, if kept under Jalayirids.

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Taking a look, those northern Donboli should only control Khoy and not Salmas. That's the limit of their migration and any indication of land grants by the Ayyubids. They should be ruled by one Cemşid Donboli (no clue what that would look like in anything that isn't Turkish, so I'll leave that to others), son of Ibrahim Donboli who passed away in 1320.

They are Yazidi.

That way Urmia also won't be an exclave, since Salmas connects with other places on the northern shore of Lake Urmia.
 
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Taking a look, those northern Donboli should only control Khoy and not Salmas. That's the limit of their migration and any indication of land grants by the Ayyubids. They should be ruled by one Cemşid Donboli (no clue what that would look like in anything that isn't Turkish, so I'll leave that to others), son of Ibrahim Donboli who passed away in 1320.

They are Yazidi.

That way Urmia also won't be an exclave, since Salmas connects with other places on the northern shore of Lake Urmia.

How does this fit with the Donboli in the south? Doubt they can share tags.
 
Also to note that I was wrong and that Bohtan is attested to in my sources, just as Bokhti (for which the Dasni are one branch, though I'd say likely independent given that the Bokhti in general aren't doing too well according to the source).

Note that they're Yazidi, and also that they should probably own Nusaybin as well. At least, there's no reason why they shouldn't in 1337 (not like the Artuqids controlled it) given that they're coming off of Hisn Kayf helping them acquire all their territory in the first place such as Cizre (with the intent of trying to control them after helping them out; doesn't work out too well).
 
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More updates from @Ispil & @Streamlet:
  • A big mess in the Kurdish lands + new tags in the South-East
    • Unless two countries can share the same name, the southern Donboli could be called Donboli-Bosht (too long to fit into this map)

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Locations:
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I found a couple more things about Balochistan:
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The source seems reliable, though I doubt that the Sewa dynasty still existed in the 15th century and this is probably an exaggeration from local legends / oral history. Either way it makes it clear that the Mirwaris weren't independent yet (I think it's fine to represent them as a vassal of Sindh), and that Khuzdar was controlled by the Sindhi Jat tribes (not sure if they were different from the Samma dynasty or not, they're sometimes called Jats too).

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I also added more location based names to leave room for interpretation. I doubt it's possible to get a perfect tribal setup due to the lack of information and nomadic nature of the Baloch, but it's clear that Makran wasn't a unified or centralized state, at best having a tributary relation or loose alliance with other tribes, and there were a lot of conflicts and changes of power between them.
 
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Also, it seems like Hormuz probably did control the entire Injuid coast afterall, but I'd need to find access to Jean Aubin's work to confirm for sure.

All I have is this little quote from a separate source:
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'At the arrival of the Portuguese, Ormuzi domination of the Iranian coast was less complete than it had been in the 14th and 15th centuries. In the depths of the Gulf, the emirate of Rayšahr, with its agricultural wealth and supported by Šah Ismail, became the agent of Safavid designs on Arabia.'
 
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Hazaras should be more widespread beyond the modern borders of Hazarastan, a lot of them were genocided by Pashtuns in 1880s. Maybe place Mongolian minorities in their territory to represent their mixed origin.

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Khorasani Turkic area should be much more Persian, especially in the south. Cities like Nishapur and others were continuously Persian majority
 
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More updates from @Ispil & @Streamlet:
  • A big mess in the Kurdish lands + new tags in the South-East
    • Unless two countries can share the same name, the southern Donboli could be called Donboli-Bosht (too long to fit into this map)

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Locations:
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To elaborate on my earlier bit, if the Sutayids control Sinjar, they probably control the adjacent Bara (which is in runs) and Al-Tunanir (which isn't much better).

Which will make the Artuqids the city-state that they're meant to be.
 
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Also, it seems like Hormuz probably did control the entire Injuid coast afterall, but I'd need to find access to Jean Aubin's work to confirm for sure.

All I have is this little quote from a separate source:
View attachment 1245007
'At the arrival of the Portuguese, Ormuzi domination of the Iranian coast was less complete than it had been in the 14th and 15th centuries. In the depths of the Gulf, the emirate of Rayšahr, with its agricultural wealth and supported by Šah Ismail, became the agent of Safavid designs on Arabia.'
It's worth keeping in mind that, based on all the other sources, we can't say exactly how much of Hormuz's conquests were complete by 1337. It's quite likely that they were in the middle of them at that moment, or at least had just gotten started.
 
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Going only by areas directly mentioned as being administered by Hormuz (including this source), they end up looking more like this:
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Awal is ruled by Shādī, and Fal is ruled by Shanbā, both sons of Kay Qubad (Kīqbād). They rebelled against the Hormuzi king in 1346.

The Balochi tribes between Hormuz and Makran should be independent and maybe tributary to the Muzaffarids.

Location changes:
Genāveh -> Khark
Būshehr -> Rishahr
Siraf -> Shīlāw
Asīr -> Fal
Bandar-e Lengeh -> Lashtan
Bandar Khamir -> Kawrestan

A lot of the settlements around here are situated on small islands, they should probably get the same defense modifier that Venice, Tenochtitlan, etc. will be getting.
It seems that the capital of the Fal country should be the city of Khonj

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Its history before the 13th century is unknown. There are archaeological indications of the Sassanids . J. Aubin [1] gives a list of local princes of the family of Gurgin Milad who according to tradition would have received the territory of the mythical Kayànid sovereign Kay Khusraw when he retired from the world and distributed the Iranian countries among his dignitaries; until 1198 the data does not become precise. Between the 13th and 16th centuries, fifteen emirs succeeded each other from father to son. Ibn Battutapresents a divergent testimony, since according to him a Turkman sultan reigned in Lar and not a Miladid (descendant of Gurgin Milad), and this circumstance has some support in other sources. In the 16th century the last five reigns are of imprecise chronology.

According to Aubin the development of the island of Kays displaced trade eastward from the routes and ports of the Persian Gulf and this led to the emergence of new metropolises in the Garmsirat of Fars, first Fal or Bal, where probably they retreated the inhabitants of the ruined Siraf, threatened by pirates on the coast and by tribal nomads in the interior; then Khundj emerged at a junction of routes on the Kays-Xiraz axis with transversal to Lar and Hormuz. The Kurdish Fadlawàyhids who dominated eastern Fars dominated Lar in the 13th century and spread towards Kirman ; this episode Aubin attributes to the fight between the Shabankara and the Salghúridswhen Abu Bakr ibn Sad, the Salghurida, tried to dominate the gulf and collided with other local powers such as Muzaffar al-Din Shabankarai, or the island of Kays. It was probably in 1230/1231 when Muzaffar al-Din took over Lar and the territory up to the coast of the gulf as far as Kawristan, bordering the kingdom of Hormuz (to the east). It is not known how long his rule lasted. Around 1300 the dervishes of Khundj obtained from the traders of Tibi (the Tibis) the cession of the island of Djarun to Hormuz and they were ever grateful for the favor. Around 1330 Kays was occupied by Hormuz and the Gulf trade moved to this city; the Kays-Xiraz route was abandoned.

Ibn Battuta , who visited Lar in 1347 , describes it as a prosperous town, but it seems that it did not play an important political role. Mustawfi confirms Ibn Battuta's appreciation. All life in the city was organized based on trade. The hereditary sheikhs of the zawiya of Lar were originally from Khundj where in the 13th century a khanakak had been established whose murshid was Shaykh Danyal affiliated with the Murshidiyya (or Ishakiyya) tarika ; he was succeeded by Abu Dulaf Muhammad. When he visited the city Ibn Battuta mentions an undetermined Shafi'ite zawiya . The zawiyaof Danyal fell into decline in the fifteenth century but that of Abu Nadjmi flourished (perhaps the one seen by Ibn Battuta, but Muwahhid says that he visited the zawiya of the Banu Abbasi led by Hadjdj Shaykh Abd al-Salam Khundji Kutb al- Awliya (+ 1345 / 1346 ).

During the 14th century the garmsirats of Fars were divided into two political formations: the Bilad Lar and the Bilad Khundj-u-Bal (or Fal). The latter had friendly relations with the kingdom of Hormuz , while the other was his enemy and even tried to conquer Hormuz. Bilad Khundj-u-Bal had as its most notable family the Fali rais , later viziers in Hormuz (end of the 15th century when Khund had entered into decline) and they remained so until the end of Portuguese rule. Bilad Lar lacked military and intellectuals due to emigration to India , but a family of maliks ensured internal political cohesion. In the second half of the 15th centurya class of cultured notables was formed there. In the 15th century , Muzaffarid and Timurid coins are found in Lar .

Due to earthquakes (especially the one of 1440 combined with floods), the changes of alliances, the ruin of Karzin (on the route Khundj-Xiraz). the development of Djahrum as a religious center before 1500, and the founding of a dervish community at Ikhwanabad (later Kutabad) at a crossroads of the Shiraz-Fasa-Lar routes, led by Kutb al-Din Muhammad ibn Muhyi al -Din Kushknari known as Kutb-i Muhyi, they favored the axis Ormuz-Lar-Djahrum-Xiraz. In the garmsirats of Fars only the raisFali de Fal retained influence in the gulf where they had Shilaw. The princes of Lar took advantage of their position as a stage on the trade route to extend their authority to the coast and the intermediate valleys. Lar and Hormuz lived on trade with India and complemented each other but conflict was inevitable and broke out in 1498/1499 when the prince of Lar tried to encourage a Bedouin revolt in Djulfar against Hormuz. Abu Bakr Lari made an expedition against Djarun Island but was repulsed by Khʷadja Ata, a ghulam of Salghur Shah of Hormuz. Some time later, when Salghur Shah died ( 1505) the Larians again intervened in the affairs of Hormuz by attacking the island of Djarun again. But the new ruler of Hormuz, Khʷadja Ata, put an end to it by suppressing the infant king born to Salghur Shah and a princess from Lar. But the princes of Lar continued to spread along the coast; his vassals, the emirs of Ilud, exerted pressure on the Lashtan, the hinterland of the island of Kishm in Naband.; an emir seized Lahstan in 1546 . Despite the establishment of Safavid power throughout the 16th century , Lar and Hormuz remained concurrent.

In the 16th century , with the arrival of the Portuguese (after 1507 ), Lari merchants and mercenaries migrated en masse to the Décan . At that time the local silver currency, the lari or larin , ran throughout the Indian Ocean . The bows made in Lar were famous everywhere and were exported to India and Iraq. After Fal (with the laqab Dar-al-Fassa, "Home of Purity") and Khundj (with the laqab Dar -al-Awliyà, "Home of the Saints") it was the turn of Lar which received the laqab of Dar -al-Madalat ("Home of Equity").

In 1508 representatives of Lar and Hormuz went to pay homage to the Safavid shah Ismail I. The princes of Lar became tributaries of the Safavids with the title of Amir-i Diwan . In 1523 / 1524 a Portuguese embassy to Persia passed through Lar. A detailed account is given by António Tenreiro. The Venetian Michele Membré went from Shiraz to Hormuz via Lar and gave a description and says that the king, a vassal of the Safavids, was called Soprassi (sic) and that he wore the hood of the Duodecimans . The local king Anushirvwan ibn Abi Said ibn Ala al-Mulk, known by Shah Adil, was killed (June 24, 1541). He was succeeded by Ibrahim Khan who did not go to pay homage to the Safavid shahAbbas the Great when he went to Shiraz, and the relations were degraded, since they added other things like the mistreatment of Persian tax collectors, extraordinary collections from merchants and travelers, and others. In 1601 and 1602 the shah sent two expeditions to Lar led by Allah Wirdi Khan, beglerbegi of Fars. In the second expedition Lar was occupied and Ibrahim was taken to Shiraz and his goods confiscated including the supposed crown of Kay Khusraw. Allah Wirdi Khan sent the prisoners and the treasures to the shah, who at that time was on campaign in Badghis , near Herat . Ibrahim Khan died during the journey to Balkh from an epidemic that affected the troops.

Kadi Abu l-Kasim Lari, a Shia, was appointed governor of Lar. The tribute that Hormuz paid to Lar was claimed by Persia . To impose the payment Kanbar Ali Beg occupied the island of Kishm . In December 1614 the Beglerbegi of Fars, Imam Kuli Khan, seized the port of Gombron or Gombroon (Portuguese Comorão) and in the spring of 1622 Kuli Khan himself occupied the Kingdom of Hormuz with the help of the English fleet. the presence of a Castilian ambassador (Figueroa) at the Persian court (and the existence of a Persian ambassador at the Castilian court since 1617 ) did not prevent the Portuguese crown from losing Hormuz. Shortly after Gombroon was renamedBandar Abbas In 1630 the Portuguese obtained commercial facilities at Bandar Khung (8 km east of Bandar Linga ) which was populated by Arabs, Banyans , Portuguese and Persians and became an important port before 1640 .

Throughout the 17th century there are several descriptions of Lar from European travelers. By 1700 the government of Laristan had become a family business: the shahbandar of Bandar Khung was the brother of the shahbandar of Bandar Abbas and the latter of the khan of Lar who, according to Pereira Fidalgo, had under his jurisdiction Bandar Abbas, Bandar Khung and Bandar Rig (opposite of the island of Kharg). Laristan resisted the Afghan attacks. While the commercial route Shiraz-Lar-Bandar Abbas had become Shiite the rest of Laristan except in part the city of Lar remained Sunni Shafiite. Sunni sheikhs in Evas and Bastak, dominated the main fortresses. The Afghans failed to gain effective control of Laristan, which passed into the hands of a Baluchi chief, then a local notable, then a Safavid general, and then the Sardar of Fars, Muhammad Khan Baluç. This revolted against Nadir Khan, then Nadir Shah , who had the support of the Sunnis of Laristan. Nadir exercised ruthless repression and Muhammad Khan Baluç and Sheikh Ahmad Madani were executed, and thousands suffered fines and deportations.

Taking advantage of the anarchy, the bandit chief Nasir Khan Lari took power in the region of Buluk-i Saba (between Laristan and Kirman ) together initially with his brother Hadjdji Khan, and from this base he conquered Lar around 1747 . In 1750 he made an expedition to Shiraz (Hadjdji Khan died on the way), which failed, but he extended his rule to the coastal area by subjugating the Arab sheikhs and entered into relations with the British Company of East Indies established in Bandar Abbas. He came into conflict with Karim Khan Zand and between 1754 and 1766 he had to contend at the same time against the governor of Kirman in the northeast and against the Zandin the west He made an alliance with the Qajar chief Muhammad Hasan Khan (in 1756 and 1758 ) to attack Karim Khan in Shiraz. Finally SAadik Khan Zand conquered Lar and then the fortress of Nasir Khan ( 1766 ).
The text also mentions the emir of Ilud, who is a vassal of the rulers of the city of Lar.
Ilud.png

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leshtan_Castle ( Lashtan)
ILUD-laR.png

The rulers of Bastak

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Now that we know how rebellions work, I think it could be fitting to add the Chobanids as a VERY powerful (separatist?) rebellion from an event for the Sutayids/Jalayirids, spawning in the region on the map below, with an option to play as them. The Chobanids would defeat the Jalayirids at Alataq, on the northern shore of lake Van, in July 1338, and within the year capture Tabriz and Azerbaijan, driving the Jalayirids to their holdings in Iraq.

The Chobanids should have cores on Azerbaijan, or some way to have the AI move themselves from Greater Armenia to capture Tabriz and Azerbaijan. Or, considering that the governor of Tabriz defected to the Chobanids upon the rebellion, perhaps simply spawning the rebels in Tabriz? Although that would ignore the battle at Alataq entirely, or atleast a proximation of it, and not allow the Jalayirids to defend their capital.

However it is implemented, the Chobanids should spawn in the region below (owned by the Sutayids), but instead of the AI focusing and enforcing their demands on the Sutayids, they should march East to capture Azerbaijan from the Jalayirids.

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Additionally, I suggest a mechanic for the Ilkhanate IO, where each pretender for the Ilkhanate should have extremely reduced integration time & aggressive expansion for conquered land within the former Ilkhanate borders, considering the situation in the Ilkhanate is more a civil war at this time.

To make it more dynamic, considering that each of the pretender states are Army-based-countries, their military strength should have effect on the cohesion of their respective competing factions, including vassals. If a pretender's military strength is weakened, their faction should slowly begin to disintegrate, and if they get weak enough, their vassals should simply gain independence without a fight (as happened notably with the Eretnids of Rum and the Kartids of Herat).
  • Speaking of pretenders, while we know that historically the Chobanids and Jalayirids would drop the pretense upon the realization that the Ilkhanate as an entity was essentially gone, and their rulers decided to take the mantle upon themselves, they would respect the title of Ilkhan, or rather the power behind it, knowing only Borjigids could rule as Ilkhans. Thus each had their own Borjigid pretender for the Ilkhanate.

    • This could perhaps be represented as final events upon forming the Ilkhanate, where the Chobanids/Jalayirids can decide to formally choose to switch over to a Borjigid ruler & dynasty, or crown themselves as Ilkhans (for a hefty loss of estate satisfaction with the Mongol nobility/tribes, because only Borjigids could rule as Khans)


 
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Now that we know how rebellions work, I think it could be fitting to add the Chobanids as a VERY powerful (separatist?) rebellion from an event for the Sutayids/Jalayirids, spawning in the region on the map below, with an option to play as them. The Chobanids would defeat the Jalayirids at Alataq, on the northern shore of lake Van, in July 1338, and within the year capture Tabriz and Azerbaijan, driving the Jalayirids to their holdings in Iraq.

The Chobanids should have cores on Azerbaijan, or some way to have the AI move themselves from Greater Armenia to capture Tabriz and Azerbaijan. Or, considering that the governor of Tabriz defected to the Chobanids upon the rebellion, perhaps simply spawning the rebels in Tabriz? Although that would ignore the battle at Alataq entirely, or atleast a proximation of it, and not allow the Jalayirids to defend their capital.

However it is implemented, the Chobanids should spawn in the region below (owned by the Sutayids), but instead of the AI focusing and enforcing their demands on the Sutayids, they should march East to capture Azerbaijan from the Jalayirids.

View attachment 1245386



Additionally, I suggest a mechanic for the Ilkhanate IO, where each pretender for the Ilkhanate should have extremely reduced integration time & aggressive expansion for conquered land within the former Ilkhanate borders, considering the situation in the Ilkhanate is more a civil war at this time.

To make it more dynamic, considering that each of the pretender states are Army-based-countries, their military strength should have effect on the cohesion of their respective competing factions, including vassals. If a pretender's military strength is weakened, their faction should slowly begin to disintegrate, and if they get weak enough, their vassals should simply gain independence without a fight (as happened notably with the Eretnids of Rum and the Kartids of Herat).
  • Speaking of pretenders, while we know that historically the Chobanids and Jalayirids would drop the pretense upon the realization that the Ilkhanate as an entity was essentially gone, and their rulers decided to take the mantle upon themselves, they would respect the title of Ilkhan, or rather the power behind it, knowing only Borjigids could rule as Ilkhans. Thus each had their own Borjigid pretender for the Ilkhanate.
    • This could perhaps be represented as final events upon forming the Ilkhanate, where the Chobanids/Jalayirids can decide to formally choose to switch over to a Borjigid ruler & dynasty, or crown themselves as Ilkhans (for a hefty loss of estate satisfaction with the Mongol nobility/tribes, because only Borjigids could rule as Khans)

I'd say you have to be very careful with "reduced integration time". Even Timur spent a whole lotta time subjugating everyone rather than conquering outright (something usually missed on maps of the "Timurid Empire").
 
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I'd say you have to be very careful with "reduced integration time". Even Timur spent a whole lotta time subjugating everyone rather than conquering outright (something usually missed on maps of the "Timurid Empire").

Yes, although Timur was more a conqueror than a "unifier" as would be the idea here.

The Ilkhanate exists, but it doesn't exist, so to say. In our history, the extended warfare between the pretenders eroded that idea away, but we aren't too far away from the death of the last powerful Ilkhan, and a very capable successor should be able to grab the reins before it slips away as it did.

Ideally the integration reduction buff should go away the longer the conflict persists, to represent how things went historically.