Tinto Maps #23 - 18th of October 2024 - China

[viola]

My man @Sulphurologist really doing God's work with these ones.

Have you thought about compiling them all in a separate thread, to make them easier to view all at once?

 

[Sulphurologist]

Part 2 of 2 - Population, development and land usage

• The Yellow river and Yangtze plains are clearly very fertile, which in addition to its low topography determined where the Chinese peoples could expand their civilization initially.
• Considering these maps, I'd suggest revamping the development map mode according to these sources.
• The loess plateau (northern Shaanxi) has been heavily deforested for centuries.
  • The whole loess plateau was probably a lot more forested in this time period ( or at least more gradients with forests/woods), isntead of nearly pure grasslands
  • This paper from 2006 gives a nice overview of the relation between deforestation, of the plateau subsequent erosion, and instability of the Yellow river's course.
    • "1493" by Charles c. Mann also has a great chapter on this.
• Food goods distribution is excellent! Almost no goods were placed in 'infertile regions'

HYDE AD1300 - land usage (more saturated = more land use)	Soil fertility index	Modern population density threshold (black = 0 pops/km²)

Deforested loam plateau - read paper here	overlay of 'goods within infertile zone' yellow: the few more imprabably food locations	'infertile zone' from map on soil fertility index

 

[Sulphurologist]

My man @Sulphurologist really doing God's work with these ones.

Have you thought about compiling them all in a separate thread, to make them easier to view all at once?

Thanks for the compliment! I can't believe it's finally done!

You can go my topography post that started it all (click my signature link), there is an index over there

 

[Linbot#6018]

Impassable Zones Proposal:

Yellow are existing zones, red are my proposed zones. Black are proposals to delete existing zones. Lakes are marked in blue.

View attachment 1223351

This is based on SulphurAeon's terrain map, and an atlas of China in 1913. Of course, this is a long time after the start date, but at this time, most of China was barely affected by industrialisation, so this map should probably give a good idea of the roadways and routes that existed in Ancient China.

https://collections.lib.uwm.edu/digital/collection/agdm/id/27761/rec/2

In particular, from studying military campaigns in the 17th century, I can relate that the impassable regions depicted on the borders between Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, and Guangdong reflect the flow of military campaigns in the Ming-Qing wars and the Revolt of the Three Feudatories. The warlord Geng Jingzhong invaded Jiangxi from Fujian in two routes, one in the north into Guangxin, and one in the south into Ganzhou.

It can also be noted that the Manchu invasion of China exclusively used three passes over the Great Wall to enter the Beijing region (as well as retreat from it it after raids south of the wall, which they did multiple times) and did not use any of the others. These were also the main passes used during the Ming dynasty, for example in the Tumu Crisis. These have been left open on the map and the terrain around them blocked off.

Spoiler

View attachment 1211119
View attachment 1211117

The impassable zone on the border between China and Vietnam reflects the 2000 years of recorded history where all recorded Chinese invasions of Vietnam and Vietnamese invasions of China went through one of three places, from Yunnan along the Red River, through Friendship Pass, and along the coast.

Spoiler

View attachment 1211115
View attachment 1211113
View attachment 1211114

So this would help give a very nice historical flavour to wars.

On the other hand, this is a relatively "generous" distribution of impassable regions, so I would certainly welcome feedback if people think there might be too many.

View attachment 1210558

Have been thinking a bit more about this. Something interesting that can be observed is that, as for Shu roads between Sichuan and Shaanxi, the westernmost ones in the area of Ningqiang county are the ones most used for historical military campaigns. When the Ming dynasty invaded the Xia state that controlled Sichuan, they sent armies to invade it from only two direction, along the Yangtze and through the Guangyuan region, and the Xia army only expected to defend their state from these directions (and were correct, they lost because they committed insufficiently to the Guangyuan direction).

There is something similar between Hunan and Jiangxi, where armies prefer to travel between the two provinces via Pingxiang. Armies could also use other routes, but they generally preferred Pingxiang, and it seems that the Qing army was not able to successfully invade Hunan from Jiangxi during the Three Feudatories Revolt until they captured the Pingxiang area, although they did penetrate into the province through other points. I am not sure but this could imply that it was difficult to supply an army via the other routes.

Another example is the important of the Mei Pass between Guangdong and Jiangxi, which was highly important during, for example, the campaign of Li Chengdong, the Qing general who controlled Guangdong and defected to the Ming dynasty in the late 1640s, who then invaded southern Jiangxi and besieged Ganzhou via Mei Pass. It was also the only route used by armies to reach between Jiangxi and Guangdong during the Three Feudatories Revolt.

Another example of this, which is very famous, is the Tong Pass between Shaanxi and Henan. It's not that armies couldn't use any other route, but the Tong Pass was still important enough to be strategically important.

I think something that is very important to capture is the importance of routes such as these, as well as "passes" which act as strategic chokepoints, even if they are not the only way to get between two places. So I think roads and rivers should have a massive impact on supply limit and army movement.

This map shows the major courier routes during the Ming dynasty, which I think should serve as a good approximation for what the road system in China should look like, although it can be noted that some of the routes leading into Yunnan might be products of the Ming dynasty's colonisation of that region. I am not sure which, if any.

Here is an update to my map of suggested impassables. New ones are in pink, existing suggestions in red, paradox's existing ones in yellow. I also have been suggesting that impassable regions in southwestern Hubei, southwestern Gansu, and Alasha League be removed, so these are in black.

The pink areas added in the Hubei-Sichuan-Guizhou-Hunan border region are meant to reflect the fact that no military campaign in history that I can find, except for the movement of a particular army during the Taiping Rebellion, and some actions in the 20th century, ever passed between Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan, and Hubei by moving through this region. If the supply limit/food production in this region is sufficiently low to restrict large armies from moving through it, it could be opened and the impassables there reduced to just the red sections.

 

[Streamlet]

This map shows the major courier routes during the Ming dynasty, which I think should serve as a good approximation for what the road system in China should look like, although it can be noted that some of the routes leading into Yunnan might be products of the Ming dynasty's colonisation of that region. I am not sure which, if any.

Here are some other maps I saw of Yunnan routes

Also, while not necessarily relevant here, note that the roads from Burma into Assam went 2 main routes, through the Pangsau pass in the northwest and through Manipur in the west

 

[zeruosi]

The lack of lakes in Gansu Province​

Just now, when I was looking at the map, I found that Gansu, China, is missing three historically famous and vast lakes.

The lake on the east side of the Lop Nur, which is almost at the same latitude as it, is a product of the river that once flowed into the Lop Nur and stopped flowing. Its name is Hala Nur, which means "deep son of the ocean" in Mongolian. As the end of the river, it nurtures the famous Dunhuang and is an important commercial and military hub.Due to reservoir construction and agricultural development, this lake dried up in the late last century.
The lake on the north side of the middle is called Juyan Sea. Because of its existence and the rivers that import it, the Chinese have controlled the area near the lake since the Han Dynasty, and directly led to a very large bulge northward in Gansu Province.This is an important passage to the grasslands north of the Gobi Desert, and also an important agricultural and fishery production center in the desert. In history, this lake was only on the brink of drying up in the 1980s due to the construction of a reservoir.
The lake closest to the Yellow River on the far right is called Qingtu Lake, which means a lake that is green in yellow soil. In Mongolian, it is called the white son of the ocean. It also makes Gansu Province protrude northward, but its area is not as huge as Juyan Sea. It is an important agricultural and fishery production area in Wuwei City, and can pass through a series of desert canyons to the north and enter the Hetao Plain through the Yellow River, making it an important military center. Similar to the fate of Juyan Sea, its water area has been shrinking since the Yuan Dynasty due to population growth and agricultural cultivation. However, it was the reservoir construction around the 1960s that ultimately defeated it.
The significant shrinkage and disappearance of these lakes are very recent, and I believe it is necessary to showcase them in the game. After all, Lake Texcoco, which disappeared much earlier than them, has also been created, hasn't it?
Speaking of which, one cannot help but lament the destruction of nature caused by human activities. However, fortunately, in the past decade or so, these lakes have partially restored their former appearance. But it will take some time to fully recover. (Mourning in silence for the Salt Sea and Lake Chad)

Fortunately, this paradox has not forgotten about Lop Nur

 

[Korsjan Rīkis]

I don't know if it's been mentioned, but there a few important Tai cultures missing:
Be culture in Northern Hainan island.
Biao next to/between Zhuang, Mien and Yue.

 

[Gurtannon]

Since we learned that in terrain talks that location pixel size doesnt affect population capacity, Locations in China should be increased to be on par with Europe,(about 4000- 4500 locations from right now 1800), (Same with India to 2500, 3000),

I mean right now I am sure that France and Italy combined has bigger population capacity than entire China proper lol

 

[zeruosi]

Since we learned that in terrain talks that location pixel size doesnt affect population capacity, Locations in China should be increased to be on par with Europe,(about 4000- 4500 locations from right now 1800), (Same with India to 2500, 3000),

I mean right now I am sure that France and Italy combined has bigger population capacity than entire China proper lol

I think it's best for you not to talk about this matter. People on this forum have some ill intentions towards China but are quite friendly towards Japan. (Hokkaido, with 68 locations and only 30000 people)

 

[Freshplayer]

Mahayana isn't wrong. Mahayana is dominant in China and in countries experiencing the most Chinese cultural influence. Using it to represent Chinese Buddhism is fine.

With that said, the most dominant sub-sect of Mahayana in China is Jìngtǔzōng (Pure Land). If you want explicit Chinese flavour for the Buddhism in the country, that's the biggest one by far.

No. In the Song Dynasty, the mainstream sects of Chinese Buddhism were Chan 禅 (or Zen, incl. Yunmen, Linji, Caodong), Jiao 教 (lit. Teaching, incl. Huayan, Tiantai, Jingtu), and Lǜ 律 (lit. Law). Chan was the youngest and most popular sect, while Jiao sects were more old-school and focused on the complex system of Buddhist teachings and classics instead of oversimplified Zen and meditation. Lǜ is rare, which required monks to obey a series of rules and laws defined by Vinaya. The key practice of Pure Land Buddhism, Nianfo, was an Upaya (方便法门, literally convenient gate of Buddhist laws) taught in most of the Jiao sects and even accepted by many Chan sects. During the Yuan Dynasty, Chinese Buddhism was suppressed by Tibetan Buddhism, while heresies of Pure Land Buddhists, such as White Lotus Societies and Maitreya teachings, were active in rebellions against the Mongol regime. For example, White Lotus initiated the Red Turban Revolt that overthrew the dynasty.

In Korea, Hwaom (Huayan of Jiao sects) was previously the mainstream and patronized by the royal family of Silla and Goryeo, while Soen (Chan/Zen) overtook the place of Hwaom and other Kyo (Jiao) sects in the 11-12th century. By the time the game began, Soen had established its dominance in Korea. In Japan, the situation is similar but different in their outcomes: the old-school nobles and emperors favored the Shinto and Tendai/Tiandai (part of Chinese Jiao sects), more traditional and complex, while the Samurai-supported Ashikaga shogunate favored the emerging Zen (Chan) school because of its simple and direct methodology. To some extent, the Jodo (Jingtu, Pure Land) sects in Japan were a response to Zen that simplifies the complex Tendai (Tiantai of Jiao sects) ceremonies and focuses only on some simple practices. Jodo Shinshu, the most influential sect in modern Japan, witnessed its significant development in the early 15th century when the Tendai school was still powerful.

The official religion of the Yuan Dynasty was Tibetan Buddhism, and all Buddhist temples, whatever sects they belonged to, were put under the administration of Tibetan Buddhists. In 1264, the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs was created to regulate Tibet and Buddhism in China, and the Tibetan Sakya master Drogön Chögyal Phagpa became the first chief of this administration. In 1281, the Tibetan master Danbebei persuaded Kublai Khan to ban all the Taoist classics but Tao Te Ching because of their heretic and misleading contents. In 1288, after a failed debate hosted by Tibetan monks, Yang Lianzhenjia (given name Rinchenskyabs in Tibetan), Chan Buddhism began suffering from government suppression, forced to be converted to Jiao and Tibetan, which strengthened the government's control of newly conquered southern China. Yang also excavated the tombs of the song emperors and made a kapaal from one emperor's skull. On the other hand, the Sakya sect of Buddhism prefers gradual cultivation over the sudden enlightenment advocated by Chan Buddhism.

The rise of Pure Land is a result of the decline of Chan Buddhism under the Yuan Dynasty and the continued suppression of Buddhism in the Ming Dynasty. Emperor Hongwu, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, began his career as a Buddhist monk and White Lotus follower, and he knew well how religion broke the former dynasty. He restricted the economy controlled by Buddhists, forced the merger of small temples, required all monks to be registered, and forbade their activities among ordinary people. Thus, monks were contained in fewer temples, away from secular activities such as farming and trading, with little possibility involving religious rebellions like White Lotus, but more syncretistic thinking inherited from multiple temples. In modern China and Korea, most Buddhists practice both meditations of Zen and Nianfo of Pure Land. For example, the Jogye Order of Korea practices three gates together - Son, Kyo, and Yombul (Chan, Jiao, and Nianfo). However, in Japan, schools of Buddhism are still distinct, especially Jodo Shin Buddhism, which put Nenbutsu (Nianfo) above all other gates, including Zen (Chan).

 

[I_have_no_ideas_for_name]

I know I'm really late to the conversation and this might have been proposed by someone else before but:
It makes sense why you wouldn't want to use the Chinese-language term "Sānjiào", but can't you then just use the English translation of that term and call the religion "Three Teachings"?

 

[PEliaz]

I know I'm really late to the conversation and this might have been proposed by someone else before but:
It makes sense why you wouldn't want to use the Chinese-language term "Sānjiào", but can't you then just use the English translation of that term and call the religion "Three Teachings"?

There has been.
https://forum.paradoxplaza.com/foru...h-of-october-2024-china.1709509/post-29948461

https://forum.paradoxplaza.com/forum/developer-diary/tinto-maps-23-18th-of-october-2024-china.1709509/post-29948336

https://forum.paradoxplaza.com/forum/developer-diary/tinto-maps-23-18th-of-october-2024-china.1709509/post-29948404

Other Thread:

https://forum.paradoxplaza.com/forum/threads/why-china-should-not-be-buddhist.1702751/

 

[rzz41]

I clearly mentioned we are thinking of changing it and are asking suggestions of proper and fitting names, so feel free to suggest some if you can think of any.

After doing research off and on the past few days, I strongly disagree with using Mahayana as the mainstream religion in china.

I've identified some general trends and will propose a implementation

First, I'd like to evaluate if the religion should even be in the game based on historical impact on economy, foreign policy, or military based on 3 factors
1) Endorsement by a emperor:
if it was a major belief system of the emperor, it often affects the overall policies of the Ming.
There is a strong correlation between expansionist behavior and non-Orthodox Confucian beliefs of the emperor

2) Proselytized inside china:
If there was mission activity, increases unrest, which is a major feature of the game for revolts

3) Was a major reason for a historical rebellion:
Many of the rebellions which overthrew/almost overthrew dynasties share a common belief system


Folk Religion:
Overall Description: The religion in rural china is not practiced consistently and there is a blend of buddhism, chinese gods such as the 5 immortals, ancestor worship, daoism, confucianism.
It persists as the dominant religion in China even in modern day.
This is the proposed "Mahayana" covering most of China in the Tinto talk

Naming: "Shendao"
It was used by the Hongwu Emperor to refer to local religions.
John W. Dardess. Ming China, 1368–1644: A Concise History of a Resilient Empire. Rowman & Littlefield, 2012. ISBN 1442204915. p. 26

Icon: since there are too many gods and beliefs, just a picture of the "福" decoration commonly used in Chinese homes is good enough

Endorsement by a emperor: None, emperors either focused on Confucian rituals or a Orthodox Buddhist/Daoist religion.

Proselytized Inside China: None, it was the native religion

Was a major factor for Dynastic overthrow: Yes, but only a specific element, so it should be implemented separately. When major revolts occured in the late ming dynasty, the dominant belief was
of the Maitreya Buddha who will create a new beginning. The red turban rebellion which overthrew the Yuan was heavily influenced by Maitreyan beliefs.

Game mechanics:
This can be a vanilla religion with not many mechanics, but is needed to fill the vast number of provinces

Orthodox Confucianism
Overall Description:
Although confucianism is not a pure religion but focuses on a system of governance, the rituals part of confucianism is religious. Most Ming emperors after Yongle followed Confucian Orthodoxy and as a result, adopted a mostly defensive foreign policy

Naming: Either "Confucian" or "Ruism"

Icon: The "儒” character or a statue of confucius

Endorsement by a emperor: most Ming emperors followed it and adopted a defensive foreign policy

Proselytized inside China:
Orthodox Confucianism was not proselytized, but rather had to be adopted as a part of the exam system for entry into the elite class.

Was a major factor in dynastic overthrow:
No, founding emperors often prioritized pragmatism, military strength, and political consolidation over strict adherence to Confucian ideals. While they promoted Confucianism as part of their state ideology to legitimize their rule, their actions and policies frequently diverged from orthodox Confucian principles, especially in their early reigns.

Game Mechanics: There should only be very few locations with confucian as the location religion, its the religion of the elite and a Emperor's AI should be mostly defensive by being Confucian

TBD in the next post

 

[rzz41]

Orthodox Mahayana

Overall Description:
There were several sects in china but the main gameplay commonality was that they were apolitical for most the time period. however, before the reforms of zhu yuanzhang, they could basically carry out the function of the state by collecting taxes, rent, giving loans to peasants, functioning as centers of economic activity in areas with high autonomy.

Naming: "Mahayana"
Although there were many sects such as Tiantai, Pure land, Zen etc. Temples practiced with a large degree of syncretism, so there is no gameplay reason to separate them

Icon: it should be the universal symbol in Mahayana which is the lotus flower

Endorsement by a emperor: No ming emperor strictly followed orthodox mahayana. But many of them built temples and commissioned art

Proselytized in China: the temples had almost complete autonomy in the beginning of the ming dynasty, and built up fortunes due to tax exemptions in the yuan dynasty which they used to buy land and collect rent, acting as de facto feudal rulers. This money was also used to proselytize nearby communities

Was a major factor in dynastic overthrow:
There was no evidence. Although, had it not been for Hongwu's reforms, theoretically a temple complex could become powerful enough to be like the Jodo Shinshu in japan

Gameplay mechanics:
there should be historical major temples, which have the ability to form separatist countries if their power is unchecked and rivals the emperor. And there should be reforms to curb their power as done historically

Orthodox Vajrayana:
Overall description: the same comments about power/tax exemptions in the beginning of the ming apply except the Yongle and Zhengde emperors actively promoted and sought relations with tibet.

Name: Vajryana

Icon: Either the darma wheel or a pair of deer

Endorsement by a emperor:
Vajrayanan influenced emperors have a pattern of having a more aggressive policy

Yongle: invited the 5th karmapa to his court, led vajrayana rituals, commissioned the translation of tibetan texts into the "yongle canon", built a temple in beijing (but not other parts of china proper). its more accurate to portray him as confucian with syncretic religion vajrayana.
He also famously financed Zheng He's treasure fleet and went on the offense with punitive expeditions into mongolia

Zhengde:
many of the same policies as Yongle. He also practiced Daoism and led a expedition into mongolia. His harem reportedly only had women from central asia or persia.

Proselytized inside China: No, Yongle only built one temple in beijing

Was a major factor in dynastic overthrow: No

Gameplay Mechanics: the main mechanic is that emperors tend to have a more aggressive foreign policy

Syncretic Maitreya:
Overall description:
Both the red turbans and white lotus were heavily influenced by the idea that Maitreya would bring about a new age. However, there was always syncretism with daoism, folk religion, or manichaeism

Name: Maitreya

Icon: Budai/Fat Buddha
Although Budai is a different figure than Maitreya, the fat buddha had become widely used to represent maitreya by the end of the yuan dynasty. Plus I want to see the fat buddha in the game

Endorsement by a emperor: no

Proselytized inside china: Yes!
White Lotus and Red Turban leaders preached the imminent arrival of Maitreya Buddha, framing their uprisings as fulfilling his divine mandate to cleanse the world of corruption and tyranny

Game Mechanics:
The presence of maitreyan should reduce mandate, and if the power of clergy in those areas become high enough, a rebel country should be released
Locations which have low fulfillment, or are neighboring another maitreyan location should have the chance to become Maitreyan
The default state religion of the red turbans and Shun should be Maitreyan. But once they claim the mandate, there should be missions/decisions to support Orthodox confucian (converting provinces back to Folk religion) and suppress maitreyan

 

[rzz41]

Orthodox Daoism: I will update this post later. The main point is that Jiajing and Wanli emperors adopted Daoism as their main religion, and both neglected governing to pursue spiritual matters. This allowed powerful officials or eunuchs to become the de facto rulers

Manichaeism: I dont think this should be represented in the game, it had been almost completely incorporated into daoism by the yuan dynasty

Islam: I need to think more about this and update later

Christianity: I need to think more about this and update later. Something similar to japan could theoretically have happened if China had been in a divided state, and Jesuits used the lure of weapons technology to convert warlords

Judaism: I'm not sure if they should be represented, since the numbers were too small

 

[BeyondExpectation]

Christianity: I need to think more about this and update later. Something similar to japan could theoretically have happened if China had been in a divided state, and Jesuits used the lure of weapons technology to convert warlords

Is there a reason a united China/the Emperor couldn't have converted to Christianity?

 

[SuperLexxe]

---

Updates to the China map:

• Added all the Tusi + some recent suggestions on their border adjustments
  • All goldish brown countries are tusi Yuan vassals (presumably all, @Streamlet can correct me on this concerning the Tai / Shan countries)
    • Pink countries in the extreme South-West are not vassals of Yuan
  • I haven't named the absolute mess of tusi in the South-West, as they wouldn't fit into the map, but their names can be found from the various suggestions found in this thread
• Bin & Liang are vassal princes of Yuan, the only ones with some gameplay relevance, as the other princes were swept up during the Red Turban Rebellion
  • Bin would go on to form Kara Del when Yuan retreated North
  • Liang (Yunnan) would be the last Southern holdout of the Yuan dynasty under Basalawarmi
• Sibe, Beiku & Xiyangha are Yuan vassals, but they are different colour to make them distinct from Hurga, who is the Jin overlord of Taowen, Tuowolian & Odoli (Hurga is a Yuan vassal as well)
• Jishizou, Hezhou, Taozhou, Minzhou & Songpan are Yuan commanderies (not tusi)
• Goryeo is also a vassal, just different colour to make them distinct
  • Shenyang is a vassal kingdom of Yuan, ruled by Wang Ko, the cousin of the current Goryeon king
    • Wang Ko would have a claim on Goryeo and vice versa, as these two kingdoms changed hands within the family quite a few times
• Grey areas are uncolonized

---

Locations:

---

 

[SuperLexxe]

---

The areas in yellow are part of the Yuan appanage system, where lands and their revenues were divied up to the members of the Borjigids and clans with marriage ties

• These areas should have a higher than normal amount of taxes going to the (Mongol) nobility estate

---

Locations:

---

 

[Streamlet]

All goldish brown countries are tusi Yuan vassals (presumably all, @Streamlet can correct me on this concerning the Tai / Shan countries)

• Pink countries in the extreme South-West are not vassals of Yuan

Technically, all states (including Lan Na) up to the border with India were claimed to be subjects by Yuan, but I would argue that significant military authority didn't extend further than this red line:

The regions up to the white line had 'routes' (lu) and pacification offices set up (i.e. Tusi states when native officials were appointed to them). The main ones were in Mong Kawng, Mong Yang, Hsenwi, and Lan Na, and probably a few more places which I forgot the names of (I also don't remember if the offices in Pinya and Sagaing still existed in 1337). Officials were still being appointed in Lan Na around 1340. The role of Dali is also complex, they were sort of like a middleman between Yuan and the southwest, and according to some sources were even 'supportive' of Mong Mao's expansion/rebellion.

 

[zeruosi]

---

Updates to the China map:

• Added all the Tusi + some recent suggestions on their border adjustments
  • All goldish brown countries are tusi Yuan vassals (presumably all, @Streamlet can correct me on this concerning the Tai / Shan countries)
    • Pink countries in the extreme South-West are not vassals of Yuan
  • I haven't named the absolute mess of tusi in the South-West, as they wouldn't fit into the map, but their names can be found from the various suggestions found in this thread
• Bin & Liang are vassal princes of Yuan, the only ones with some gameplay relevance, as the other princes were swept up during the Red Turban Rebellion
  • Bin would go on to form Kara Del when Yuan retreated North
  • Liang (Yunnan) would be the last Southern holdout of the Yuan dynasty under Basalawarmi
• Xibe, Beiku & Xiyangha are Yuan vassals, but they are different colour to make them distinct from Hurga, who is the Jin overlord of Taowen, Tuowolian & Odoli (Hurga is a Yuan vassal as well)
• Jishizou, Hezhou, Taozhou, Minzhou & Songpan are Yuan commanderies (not tusi)
• Goryeo is also a vassal, just different colour to make them distinct
  • Shenyang is a vassal kingdom of Yuan, ruled by Wang Ko, the cousin of the current Goryeon king
    • Wang Ko would have a claim on Goryeo and vice versa, as these two kingdoms changed hands within the family quite a few times

---

View attachment 1245431


Locations:
View attachment 1245432

---

I must correct you, there are no strange Jurchen tribes in Manchuria. I don't mind it being released after the Red Turban Army, but it shouldn't have existed at the beginning. Perhaps you should create the Eastern Kings of the Yuan Dynasty to control that region. However, I am somewhat lacking in information in this area