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Tinto Maps #23 - 18th of October 2024 - China

Hello, and welcome to another week of Tinto’s fun Maps. This week it will be a huge one, as we will take a look at the entirety of China. It is a really big area, but it didn’t make sense to split it into multiple parts to present it separately, so we are showing it all at once. So, without further ado, let’s get started.

Countries
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Obviously the territory is dominated by Yuán, with Dali as its vassal. They appear big, strong, and scary, but they will have their own fair share of problems for sure. I will not go into detail into the countries that can be seen further south, as we will talk about Southeast Asia in a future Tinto Maps.

Societies of Pops
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Quite a variety of peoples in Southwest China, as you will see later in the culture maps.

Dynasties
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Here we finally have managed to catch the full name of the Borjigin dynasty in all its glory.

Locations
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Before you ask, there are around 1800 locations in China proper, not counting impassables and barring possible counting errors.

Provinces
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Areas
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Terrain
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You will notice here that there are few locations assigned as "farmlands", that's because when we did this part of the map there was yet not a clear criteria on how we would be defining the farmlands and their placement here hasn't been reviewed yet.

Development
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As mentioned before, the harsh changes of development at the end of China proper is probably too strong right now and it’s something that will have to be reviewed, especially at the Liáodōng area.

Natural Harbors
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Cultures
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There is a lot of cultural variation in China, not only among the sinitic peoples (which have been divided according to their linguistical and dialectal differences) but also having many other types of non-sinitic peoples. The resulting pie chart for the cultures of the country is a wonder to see indeed. And even if Yuán itself is Mongolian, there are actually very few Mongolian people in the country, as only the ruling class would belong to it. That is one other source of further trouble for Yuán.

Religions
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Considering religion, there is also a lot of variation in the South West, and one thing you will notice is the clear lack of “Animism”. We have finally eliminated Animism as a religion from the game and have divided it into many multiple ones. Besides this, and some Muslim presence in some areas, there are other small pockets of religions that do not get to appear in the map, like Manichaeism, Nestorianism, Judaism and Zoroastrianism. And the elephant in the room is the Mahayana, that we have already mentioned that we have plans on dividing it, but more on it at the end.

Raw Materials
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A very resource rich region, which makes it understandable that China was able to basically be self-sufficient in terms of resources for long periods in history, and with many sources of highly appreciated resources like silk, tea, and even soybeans. Another interesting thing is the division on the preference of grain cultivation, with rice being more prominent in the south while the north tends to favor wheat and sturdy grains (millet, basically).

Markets
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Population
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Yes, there’s a lot of population in China, and with that many people and that many resources it obviously has a lot of potential. We have been following population census of 1351 and 1393, which allows us to have the most accurate values we can have.

Now, before closing off, let me turn back once again to the subject of religion, as it has already been pointed out that having a single Mahayana religion covering both China and Tibet (and parts of India) may not be the best both for accuracy and gameplay reasons, and we basically agree with it so we are planning on reworking a bit but it hasn’t been done in time for this Tinto Maps. However, as we are aware that you are not able to provide proper feedback unless we present you something, let me now share with you what are our plans with it. Please keep in mind that I will NOT go into details about their mechanics, and only talk about their distribution.

First of all, Tibetan Buddhism will be split and turned into its own religion. Although it “technically” is part of the Mahayana branch, it is true that its practices have distinguished it from Chinese Buddhism enough to represent it as its own religion, starting from the fact that they do not follow the same canon. The Mahayana that was present in India was already an outlier from start, so it will be made into its own religion.

That leaves out that the current “Mahayana” remaining in game will be Chinese Buddhism, that is, those following the Chinese Buddhist canon, and it will be present in China, Korea, and Vietnam. The question remains on what to call the religion, and several things have to be considered for that:

  1. The religion will already include blended into it Confucianism and Daoism besides Buddhism, so all three religions are included. That means it can’t be named either Confucianism or Daoism, as they have been bundled in. Buddhism was taken as the base name because, from the three, it was considered as the one mostly oriented towards the “religious” (Confucianism being more focused on administration and Daoism on rituals), and the most similar to what an organized religion would be outside of China.
    1. As a subpoint on that, and I can’t go into details for it yet, but there will also be options inside it to favor Buddhism over Confucianism or the opposite, so that is already covered too.
  2. As mentioned, it will be present not only in China but also in Korea and Vietnam (and any other country that may convert too, like for example Japan), so naming it something that’s too intrinsic to Chinese identity would not be ideal. That would mean that a term like Sānjiào, although good, would feel a bit out of place when playing for example as Korea (we know that the concept spread there too, but it was more prominent inside China and regardless having the name be directly in Chinese would be the main issue when playing outside China)

So, for now, the current name we are considering for the religion is directly “Chinese Buddhism”, or even leaving it as “Mahayana”, understanding that the main current of Mahayana is the version following the Chinese canon anyway. But feel free to suggest any alternative naming if you feel that there may be a better option we haven’t thought of, as long as it takes into consideration the previous points. And of course, let us know your feedback on the proposed representation and distribution too.

And that’s it for today, after a bit longer closing than usual. Next week we’ll be back a bit further east, taking a look at Korea and Japan. Hope to see you there!
 
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Gan group:
The Gan dialect group has less internal variation than many others, so I have decided to consider it as a single culture. The area inhabited by Gan people is larger today than it is in my map. This is because during the Red Turban Rebellion, many people in neigbouring provinces died due to the upheaval, and Gan people migrated into Hunan, Anhui, and Fujian. A hybrid Gan-Min dialect exists in Fujian today because of this. I believe that in the 14th century, the Gan people inhabited more of Hubei than they do today, but were later assimilated.
The Kejia people (typically referred to by their endonym Hakka in English) speak a relatively similar dialect to Gan, although this is no grounds for merging them together. It should be noted that in the modern day, there are Kejia communities scattered all over southern China, but in the 14th century, many of the Kejia migrations have not yet occurred.
Within the Kejia dialect group, there is a group who live along the East River in Guangdong who consider the Kejia people to be different from themselves. I have decided to make these people a pair of distinct cultures, even though their speech is technically within the Kejia group. The Shé culture is NOT to be confused with the Shē culture, a non-Han ethnic minority of southeastern China some of whom also live in the East River valley. Today the East River valley is inhabited by many Kejia proper people, but this is a result of a Ming-era second wave of migration.

贛 / Gàn / Gon (Gan)
客家 / Kèjiā / Hakka (Kejia)
蛇 / Shé / Sha (Hailu Kejia)
惠州 / Huìzhōu / Fichû (Taiwanese Kejia)
Shaowu and Jiangle is definitely Min, not Gan. Kejia also shares more pre-Qieyun specificities with Min. See The classification of the Shaowu dialect, Jerry Norman, 1983 and What is a kejia dialect, Jerry Norman,1986.
Since you have already breaken Wu and Yue into pieces, it's also reasonable to treat Gan the same way. It could be break into Fuguang, Changjing, Jicha etc. But still, you have to consider the problem, that is, if all these braches you list have already spilt off from each other at the game start. Afaik, these question is still under reaseach.
 
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I've also noticed that the coastline looks rather strange. While I appreciate the map creator's awareness of the differences between the 14th-century Chinese coastline and the present one, the outcome isn't quite satisfactory. Using GIS data and the Gall Stereographic projection that Johan mentioned, I've produced a relatively accurate Ming Dynasty coastline and overlaid it on the map in this thread. I marked the areas needing change to underwater in red and those needing change to land in blue. Additionally, I've attached the files directly exported from historical GIS data to facilitate modifications directly on the map file.

View attachment 1204106View attachment 1204107
Please add the shapefiles instead and I will export it myself as it will be far more useful.
 
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Also, another reminder, we are not looking for names of counties but the names of the seats. We want locations to be named after locations not after areas as it was in EU4.
 
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Please allow me to offer some feedback and suggestions regarding the map of my hometown and its surrounding areas, specifically the northeastern part of Hebei Province (formerly "Běizhílì").


One of the more prominent errors in the currently published map of China's regions is "Kāipíng." In the first year of the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty (1403), the Kaiping Zhongtun Guard was relocated here from Zhengding, and the area was subsequently named Kaiping. Moreover, before the establishment of Tangshan City in January 1938, Kaiping had been under the jurisdiction of Luanzhou for hundreds of years since the Ming Dynasty. The Kaiping Mines (Chinese: 开平矿务局) and Luanzhou Mining (Chinese: 滦州矿务公司) were merged to form the Kailuan Mining Administration (Chinese: 开滦矿务总局), one of China's earliest industrial enterprises. My grandparents and other relatives were employees of Kailuan Group and lived in this area, so I am quite familiar with its history.;)

However, on Tinto's map of China, "Kāipíng" is incorrectly shown as being established during the Yuan Dynasty rather than the Ming Dynasty, and it is shown as being part of "Jìzhōu" rather than "Luánzhōu", occupying the southern half of Fengrun County (now Fengnan District of Tangshan). Meanwhile, the real Kaiping remains in the territory of "Luánzhōu."

Secondly, using "Lútái" as the name to represent the area where Ninghe County is located is even more perplexing. Lutai only began to rise in prominence in the late 20th century during the late Qing Dynasty, after the Kaiping Colliery Tramway extended to Ninghe and other places, with Lutai Town gaining importance due to the establishment of a railway station. It was only in 1938 that Lutai replaced Ninghe Town as the county seat of Ninghe County.

Next, "Bànbìshān" in Tinto is presumably meant to refer to today's Xinglong County, but the area around Banbishan was historically part of Zunhua County for a long time, and it only became a separate county in 1930. In Tinto, it is inappropriate to single out "Bànbìshān" from "Zūnhuà" as a separate location, as this significantly violates historical facts. Even from a modern perspective, there is no reason to do so—Xinglong County is located in a mountainous area, sparsely populated, and lacks major transportation routes.



While I have introduced the history of Kaiping and understand the error regarding the "Kāipíng" area in Tinto, I still support "Kāipíng" being separated from ”Luánzhōu“ and named independently—because Kaiping was one of the most prosperous small towns in Beizhili during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, serving as a military fortress and trade center between Fengrun and Luanzhou. Particularly during the industrialization wave of the late Qing Dynasty, this area became one of the birthplaces of modern Chinese industry, being the starting point of China's railways. The city of Tangshan, which originated from the Kaiping area, later became the strongest economic city in Hebei Province and the world's largest steel production base. Therefore, I commend your work in listing this area as a separate location, just as Tianjin, which was also relatively obscure during the Yuan Dynasty, should also be listed separately in Tinto's map based on its strength and status in the Ming, Qing, and modern eras.

However, I believe the map of the Kaiping area should be redrawn, specifically referring to the current administrative map of Tangshan. For example, according to the map of Tangshan on Wikipedia, Kaiping, Lubei, Lunan, Fengnan, and part of Caofeidian can be allocated to the "Kāipíng" in Tinto. This would accommodate both historical and modern realities and would align with the average distribution of locations in the game.
Administrative Division Tangshan.png

Below is a map I created based on the Qing Dynasty's map of China, marking the central areas of northeastern Hebei Province (Beizhili) according to the current Tinto map. Red fonts and dots represent county names and county seats, while orange fonts and dots represent smaller towns and their locations. This clearly highlights the erroneous labels and incorrect regional divisions for places like "Kāipíng", "Bànbìshān", and"Lútái".

Eu5tangshan.png

I also earnestly request that you add more impassable areas to the northern part of this region and change some of the hills to mountainous terrain—because the dominant geography of this area is not hills, but many mountains and a few river valleys. As shown in the 2023 light pollution map, this area is still sparsely populated today due to the Yanshan mountain range.

Doing so would also better reflect the significance of Shanhaiguan (the famous military pass between Beizhili and Liaodong) to the Central Plains dynasties and nomadic groups like the Manchus, helping to better reproduce in the game the offensive and defensive maneuvers around this region during the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Specifically, this includes the critical Battle of Shanhai Pass, which decided the outcome between Li Zicheng's Shun Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty.

In the coastal areas, the location where livestock is produced (which appears to correspond to the "Kāipíng" I mentioned earlier) also needs revision. Most of the area is plains and wetlands, and since the 15th century, its primary agricultural product has been rice. Additionally, when the industrial era arrived, the main outputs of this area became coal and steel. As I mentioned earlier, the Kaiping Coal Mine was one of China's earliest industrial enterprises, and its large coal output and high quality allowed it to be exported to countries around the world—even former U.S. President Herbert Hoover once worked there.XD

Therefore, I believe that the main product of the "Kāipíng" should be either rice or coal, rather than livestock as it currently stands.

Moreover, I must point out that the overall development of this region during the Yuan Dynasty was not high. By comparison, its development was higher than the neighboring Liaodong area but lower than the Central Plains to the south. The market in this area should be tied to Beijing, not the desolate Liaoyang. Even as of 2024, this area has always been within the Beijing market sphere, and that has never changed.

This concludes my feedback and suggestions regarding this region as a local resident. Apologies for the length of my response. In short, I hope that based on history, reality, and gameplay, you can better configure this area where my hometown is located.
 
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Also, another reminder, we are not looking for names of counties but the names of the seats. We want locations to be named after locations not after areas as it was in EU4.
In ancient China, the name of a county seat is essentially the same as the county. For instance, the city of “Hangzhou” prefecture (Fu) will most commonly be called Hangzhou Fu Cheng (“Hangzhou Prefecture City”), or simplified to “Fucheng”, although it may still be known by its older names, such as Qiantang (preserved as the name of its attached county).

When the county seat is moved to another city, the new location will take up the name of the “Fucheng” (Prefecture City).
 
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At present, most of the ancestors of the Hui people in China are Han people. The ancestors of the original Hui people were purged as early as the handover of the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, because they oppressed the local Han people at that time, and the latter part of the Han people who converted to Islam, because of the Muslim shariah, people who married the Hui people, whether they were women or men, would force you to believe in Islam. This led to the northwest Muslim rebellion in the Qing Dynasty. Obviously, nearly one million Hui people have been dealt with, and now it can reach nearly thirteen million.
 
Please add the shapefiles instead and I will export it myself as it will be far more useful.
Of course, no problem at all. However, the Ming Dynasty coastline (reflecting the 14th-16th centuries) is based on WMS output, while the Qing Dynasty coastline (reflecting the 18th-19th centuries) is in shapefile format. I will upload both; please use whichever is more convenient for you. I have no preference between the two coastlines since dynamic coastlines are not currently feasible.
 

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Also, another reminder, we are not looking for names of counties but the names of the seats. We want locations to be named after locations not after areas as it was in EU4.
TL;DR: The county name itself inherently indicates the location (it is, the seat of the county, the settlement), and using the county name to refer to the county seat is a formal practice, including but not limited to government documents, history books, and textbooks. On the other hand, In contrast, the so-called "township names" are more an administrative division concept and are rarely used to refer to specific settlements.

——

Regarding what you mentioned, I'd like to clarify that both diachronically and synchronically, Chinese place names generally only go down to the county level and not to the township where the county seat is located. People refer to the county seat 99% of the time by the county name rather than by the corresponding township name (this is similar in some regions outside of China as well, like calling Madrid "Madrid" instead of the district name "Centro" where the city hall is located. Referring to a Chinese county seat by its township name feels just as absurd). Using the names of the townships where the county seats are located to represent places will result in many unfamiliar place names. Additionally, historical township names change frequently and lack records, making them difficult to research.

And, the location of a county seat can change significantly over time, but the county name remains relatively stable. Lastly, the location size shown in Tinto maps almost exactly matches the size of Chinese counties. At this scale, counties are not like the broader areas in EU4 but are relatively narrow administrative divisions. I hope you consider these points when revisiting the naming conventions. Thank you.

Edit: The example of Madrid might be misleading. However, what I want to convey is that in Chinese (and generally in English, I believe), township names are almost never used to refer to county seats in practice. Referring to a county seat by the county name is not just a colloquial practice; it is also used in formal contexts such as textbooks and history books.
 
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Of course, no problem at all. However, the Ming Dynasty coastline (reflecting the 14th-16th centuries) is based on WMS output, while the Qing Dynasty coastline (reflecting the 18th-19th centuries) is in shapefile format. I will upload both; please use whichever is more convenient for you. I have no preference between the two coastlines since dynamic coastlines are not currently feasible.
Greatly appreciated. :D
 
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Also, another reminder, we are not looking for names of counties but the names of the seats. We want locations to be named after locations not after areas as it was in EU4.
You may have misunderstood the difference between county and town in China, It is very common for Chinese people to call city by the name of county, The town names shown on the current map may appear very strange to Chinese players, much like calling London "Westminster" or Paris "1er arrondissement".
 
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Regarding what you mentioned, I'd like to clarify that both diachronically and synchronically, Chinese place names generally only go down to the county level and not to the township where the county seat is located. People refer to the county seat 99% of the time by the county name rather than by the corresponding township name (this is similar in some regions outside of China as well, like calling Madrid "Madrid" instead of the district name "Centro" where the city hall is located. Referring to a Chinese county seat by its township name feels just as absurd). Using the names of the townships where the county seats are located to represent places will result in many unfamiliar place names. Additionally, historical township names change frequently and lack records, making them difficult to research.

And, the location of a county seat can change significantly over time, but the county name remains relatively stable. Lastly, the location size shown in Tinto maps almost exactly matches the size of Chinese counties. At this scale, counties are not like the broader areas in EU4 but are relatively narrow administrative divisions. I hope you consider these points when revisiting the naming conventions. Thank you.
I have to point out a possible misunderstanding of terms and hierarchies. "Centro" is a neighbourhood of Madrid. Madrid is the town of the county seat. In case of Spain, the "county" may be called a province, and in case of Madrid the modern province happens to be called "the community of Madrid".
You may have misunderstood the difference between county and town in China, It is very common for Chinese people to call city by the name of county, The town names shown on the current map may appear very strange to Chinese players, much like calling London "Westminster" or Paris "1er arrondissement".
This.
It looks like a clear miscommunication. When you say "It is very common for Chinese people to call city by the name of county", then the European example is calling London "Essex" or Paris "Ile-de-France" or Amsterdam "Holland". In Europe, it's counties who often get called by the name of their cities: city of Madrid is the capital of the Madrid province. Or, various Russian administrative divisions are usually named after their towns: e.g. Pskov and Pskov oblast or region.
 
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Neo-Confucianism seems to be more appropriate name for China'a mainstream religion as itself is defined as Confucianism combines with elements of Buddhism and Taoism. You can refer to A Short History of Chinese Philosophy by Feng Youlan for more details.
 
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I have to point out a possible misunderstanding of terms and hierarchies. "Centro" is a neighbourhood of Madrid. Madrid is the town of the county seat. In case of Spain, the "county" may be called a province, and in case of Madrid the modern province happens to be called "the community of Madrid".

This.
It looks like a clear miscommunication. When you say "It is very common for Chinese people to call city by the name of county", then the European example is calling London "Essex" or Paris "Ile-de-France" or Amsterdam "Holland". In Europe, it's counties who often get called by the name of their cities: city of Madrid is the capital of the Madrid province. Or, various Russian administrative divisions are usually named after their towns: e.g. Pskov and Pskov oblast or region.
Thank you for pointing that out. The example of Madrid might indeed not be very appropriate. However, I used Madrid as an example to illustrate that calling a county seat in China by the name of a township is quite strange, similar to calling a city by the name of an administrative district within its core area. The town or street where the county seat is located in China does have its own name, which may not necessarily be the same as the county name, but it is almost never used to refer to the county seat itself. We can say that once the county seat moves to a town, that town almost loses its original name and becomes known by the county name. Its original name is only used in some household registration and administrative contexts.
 
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I have to point out a possible misunderstanding of terms and hierarchies. "Centro" is a neighbourhood of Madrid. Madrid is the town of the county seat. In case of Spain, the "county" may be called a province, and in case of Madrid the modern province happens to be called "the community of Madrid".

This.
It looks like a clear miscommunication. When you say "It is very common for Chinese people to call city by the name of county", then the European example is calling London "Essex" or Paris "Ile-de-France" or Amsterdam "Holland". In Europe, it's counties who often get called by the name of their cities: city of Madrid is the capital of the Madrid province. Or, various Russian administrative divisions are usually named after their towns: e.g. Pskov and Pskov oblast or region.
Sorry, the translation software I used may have caused you to misunderstand, I am in favor of using county names for cities in China, but now the production team is using town names for cities in China, just like using Westminster to name the whole of London.
 
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There's more presence of Rma in other locations, but it's not visible due to not being enough for it to appear as stripes.
Sure, but it appears to be based on modern ethnic borders regardless. The Qiangic peoples would be a major thorn in the side of Chinese dynasties up until the 18th century, the Gylarong in particular being subject to two of the famous "ten great campaigns" of the Qing dynasty, with both being incredibly devastating not only to the Gyalrong people, but also to the Qing army and treasury. It just seems strange not to have them represented at all!
 
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Miao and Mien should be renamed. Mien should be renamed to Yao, which was mentioned historically by the Ming, and Miao should be renamed to Hmong. Although historically the Hmong were referred to as Miao, this was basically a Chinese term meaning "barbarian" and was applied inconsistently to non-Han peoples. "Hmong" is the name they call themselves. Miao is also a broad categorization and the Hmong are the largest people in that group, while also having subgroups of their own.

To make this simpler to understand, Miao is like French but can be further divided which PC actually does. Francien would be like Hmong. PC used dialects of langue d'oïl to split up the French culture and Francien is just the dialect spoken in the Paris area. Then there's other French cultures like Angevin, Poitevin, Norman, Picard, Champenois, Lorrain, Berrichon etc etc. In this case, Miao could be split with Hmong being the predominant one, and other cultures would include Qo Xiong, Gha-Mu, A-Hmao, Gejia, and the She. The She are actually distinct enough from the Hmong and should really have their own culture. The two languages are not mutually intelligible. It's like French and Savoyard.
 
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