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Tinto Maps #18 - 13th of September 2024 - Persia & Caucasus

Hello everyone, and welcome to one more Tinto Maps! Today we will be taking a look at Persia and the Caucasus! These are regions that encompass several modern-day countries and regions (Iraq, Iran, Balochistan, Afghanistan, Transoxiana, etc.), but for the sake of simplicity, we decided to name this DD this. Let’s start, without further ado!

Countries:
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The region is quite interesting in 1337, as there are plenty of countries to play with. The Ilkhanate is still alive, but in name only, the real power being hosted by the Jalayirids, who are overlords of some of their neighbors (the Chobanids, and the Eretnids). Other countries, such as Gurgan, the Kartids, and Muzaffarids are also struggling to get the hegemony over the region. Meanwhile, the strongest power in the Caucasus is the Kingdom of Georgia, although the region is also quite fragmented among different polities.

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And speaking of the Ilkhanate, you may have wondered why isn’t it a unified tag… Well, it’s because we consider that it is clearly in decadence, having lost any grasp of authority over the provinces, so the best way of portraying it is through an International Organization. What we can see in this mapmode is that there are two pretenders to get the power, the Jalayarids and Gurgan, with the other countries still being formally part of it. I won’t talk more today about how it works and its features, but I’ll just say that there are two clear fates for the Ilkhanate: being dissolved, as historically happened, or being restored in full power as a unified country.

Dynasties:
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Not much to say today about the dynasties, as they’re akin to the country names, in most cases. Well, you might wonder which one is the yellow one, ruling over Gurgan… That country is ruled by the Borgijin, heirs of Genghis Khan. Now you get the full picture of their rule over the Ilkhanate being challenged by the Jalayirids, I think…

Locations:
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Provinces:
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Areas:
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Terrain:
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We’re back to a region with lots of different climates, topography, and vegetation. This will make it very unique, gameplay and looking-wise.

Harbors:
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You might notice that there are ports in the Caspian Sea… Because, well, it’s considered a sea in our game, so there can be ships and navies over it.

Cultures:
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There's quite a lot of cultural division throughout the region... The Caucasus is, well, the Caucasus, divided among lots of different people. Then we have the Iraqi and Kurdish in Iraq, Persian and a number of other cultures in Iran, Baloch in Balochistan, Afghan in Afghanistan, and Khorasani, Turkmen, Khorezm, Hazara, and Tajiks, among others, in Khorasan and Transoxiana.

Religions:
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Another interesting religious situation. Orthodox is the main religion in Georgia, and Miaphysitism in Armenia, with other confessions spread here and there throughout the Caucasus (Khabzeism, and three 'Pagan' confessions, Karachay-Balkar, Vainakh, and Lezgin). Then Iraq is divided among Sunni, to the north, and Shiism, to the south. And Iran is in an interesting situation, having a Sunni majority, but with some important Shiite pockets here and there. And Zoroastrianism, of course. It was not trivial to properly portray them, as we don't have good data for the 14th century. So what we did was some calculations, between sources that tell that there was still a majority as late as the 11th century, and the religion becoming severely reduced by the 16th century. Therefore, we decided to go with 20% of the population as a general rule of thumb; however, we're quite open to feedback over this matter.

Raw Materials:
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This region is full of rich resources, in stark contrast to the one we showed last week, Arabia. There are a couple of bugs on this mapmode that you might spot, I think.

Markets:
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This region has several markets: Tabriz, Baghdad, Esfahan, Hormuz, Nishapur, and Zaranj., This will make for regionally fragmented-but-integrated economies (that is, good market access everyhwere, but with regionally diverging economies).

Population:
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The total population of the region is around 9M, taking into account all the different areas that we’re showing today. That is divided into about 4.5M in Iran, 2M in Iraq, 1.5M in the Caucasus, and around 1.5M in Transoxiana.

And that’s all for today! Next Friday we will be taking a look at India! Yes, in its entirety; we think that it is the best way to do it, although we’ll talk more about it next week. Another change, only for next week: the DD will be published at 10:00 instead of the regular 15:00, as I won’t be available in the afternoon to reply. Letting you know so there’s a proper wow-pole-run, yes. See you!
 

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I just came across this today, there seems to be an ethnic Tatar community in northern Afghanistan, who date back to the Mongol invasions. Here are some articles on the topic:

https://www.rferl.org/amp/afghanistan-recognizes-long-forgotten-ethnic-tatar-community/31180205.html
https://m.realnoevremya.com/article...tars-in-afghanistan-remind-those-of-emigrants
https://tatar-congress.org/en/news/...their-historical-homeland-the-city-of-bolgar/

It would be nice to add this cultural minority. They are Sunni Muslims. They might be tribesmen.

And don't forget about Central Asian Arabs either! Here's an article about that. They are also Sunni and would be pastoralist tribesmen.
 
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So I've got, like, three books on the Kurds and an English translation of the Masālik al-Abṣār fī Mamālik al-Amṣār and I need to figure out what the hell all of this says because there's a ton of detail on tribes for regions that aren't fully covered by our analysis just yet.
 
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So I've got, like, three books on the Kurds and an English translation of the Masālik al-Abṣār fī Mamālik al-Amṣār and I need to figure out what the hell all of this says because there's a ton of detail on tribes for regions that aren't fully covered by our analysis just yet.
Good god this is impossible; 95% of the places it refers to don't go at all by the names it uses and it's impossible to figure out what is where. That plus another thing I read seems to indicate that the author confused place names and group names, only adding to the confusion.
 
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Updated slightly with changes from @Ispil:

New tags:
  1. Jajarm (or Esfarayen) - Shaykh Ali Qushji
  2. Sabzevar - Ala'uddin Muhammad Farayumadi

View attachment 1242124

Locations:
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I love the work that I'm seeing and appreciate the amount of time that must've gone into it!

Unless I missed something, shouldn't the Baduspanids have control of the Eyvanaki, Firuzkuh, Khwar, Lasjerd, and Semnan locations? Iskandar II "expanded his rule into the southern Alborz, ruling an area stretching from Qazvin to Simnan."
 
I love the work that I'm seeing and appreciate the amount of time that must've gone into it!

Unless I missed something, shouldn't the Baduspanids have control of the Eyvanaki, Firuzkuh, Khwar, Lasjerd, and Semnan locations? Iskandar II "expanded his rule into the southern Alborz, ruling an area stretching from Qazvin to Simnan."
I could only interpret it as an occupation as part of the Khorasani westwards campaign, rather than conquest. Though as a compromise I left them a strip of land over the Alborz.
 
I liked one commenter's nationalities map and decided to refine it a bit. In the next comment I will give the sources from which I got the information.
 

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Before I begin, I would like to clarify that by 'Lezgins' I refer to the linguistic group that includes Udins, Rutuls, Tsakhurs, Tabasarans, Aguls, Archins, and the peoples of the Shahdagh group. I think that separating the Lezgian languages will pose challenges for language mechanics since they were historically dialects of a unified language of Caucasian Albania. Even today, it is difficult to consider these languages entirely distinct, and ethnoculturally, our peoples are similar, with the main difference being religion (Udins are Christians, and Lezgins from Miskinja village are Shiites).
 
I'll start by describing the population of Zacatala County in 1871. In which still mentioned Lezgin and Georgian population, 20 years later at the first All-Russian census our peoples were almost completely assigned to Tatars-Mahometans, I believe that in the 13-14 centuries our two nations lived side by side, because still in that area continue to live Georgians and Lezgins (although mostly there nowadays live Tsakhurs).
 

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Next I will give as an example a description of the economic and ethno-cultural situation in Mushkur (Maskut), as well as the first all-Russian census, according to which one can notice small remnants of Lezgins in the Caspian regions up to Baku (inclusive).
 

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And according to the official version of the Azerbaijani government (which though downplays the number and territories of all autochthonous and alien peoples) Lezgins lived and live in Gusar, Khachmaz, Guba, Gabala, Ismayilli and Sheki districts, as well as in the cities of Baku and Sumgayit.
 
Plus the sources that I gave in the previous time, and also please forgive for the mistakes (I use a translator) and the quality of some photos (found only in this quality). I would also like to add that Lezghin dynasties should come from the family of the ruler and only in rare cases from the locality, in the near future I will try to write the families known to me (we call it Sikhil or tsi khel). Thank you for your attention.
 
Okay.

Here is whatever the hell I managed to decipher from this translation.

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Urmia is also noted as being as far as I can tell independent.

Note that this is all likely dating from before the collapse of the Ilkhanate (the author lived from 1301 to 1349 and we don't know when this was written), so don't take this as a verbatim "this is what it must be in 1337".

Also like any of these locations they're listing off are basically impossible to find. I did my best to find things but good god. I'm not even sure how many of these are even correct!

Also like a million caveats with this because the document in question has like the bare minimum of info.
 
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Okay.

Here is whatever the hell I managed to decipher from this translation.

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Urmia is also noted as being as far as I can tell independent.

Note that this is all likely dating from before the collapse of the Ilkhanate (the author lived from 1301 to 1349 and we don't know when this was written), so don't take this as a verbatim "this is what it must be in 1337".

Also like any of these locations they're listing off are basically impossible to find. I did my best to find things but good god. I'm not even sure how many of these are even correct!
Dertenk/Hulwan appears to be modern Sarpol-e Zahab (34°27′54″N 45°51′18″E). Rawust/Riyawast I can't find much, but given the rough similarity of name, the short distance from Hulwan, and a weird redirect from "Dertenk" in this Wikipedia article might be modern Rizhaw/Rijab (34°28′23″N 45°58′57″E).

Dinawar seems easy and Nehavand is nearby.

Dakuk is probably the one near Kirkuk.

Ushnuh is probably modern Oshnavieh. It's "a town in Adharbayjan" and Le Strange apparently says "50 miles from the southern shore of the lake [Urmia; not my insertion] was Baswa [a.k.a. Pasawa]... to the north-west of it lay the town of Ushnuh." And the town is also called Ushnuyah the Wiki article for Oshnavieh seems to roughly match that description.

Kangavar seems easy.

Karkar is tough, I can find two potential sites, both separated from everything else but also close enough to be possible. Karkar and Kargan-e Qadim (which you seem to have gone with). But there's also a whole bunch of Korkans that could theoretically be close enough.

The Sohri are in either Akre or Rawandaz or Erbil (or multiple). Rawandaz holds more "very high" and "extremely steep" mountains which the Great Zab flows through. Shaqlawa could be this one, which would also put them partially in the Erbil location, but I can't find any Xoftiyans. Tel-Haftun is named as "modern Sohran" here which theoretically could be nearby Soran. I'm not sure why you treat them as two separate entries here (12 and 13).

I can't find a Mazenjan, but since we know it's around the Zab and near Erbil and no mountains are mentioned they might well be in Akre and/or Erbil (the border of these is the Great Zab).

This source (pg 174) says the Zerzaris are said to have lived in Rustaq, a district in what is now the "south-eastern tip of Turkey." That source is also useful for Jolemark and Margavar, on the same page, and also discusses al-Umari in various other places.

Jolemark is modern Hakkari.

Mergewar probably refers to Margavar (which would mean #16 is very wrong on your map).

Amadiyah is modern Amedi, and is otherwise obvious since it has a location in-game.

Mt Alfaf is also called Mt Maqlub and is one of the highest mountains in Nineveh, so perhaps the Dabilis lived in this vicinity. But taking the entire mountain range into consideration the highest mountains are in the core mountain range, especially to the northeast of Oshnavieh (that's not based on a thorough check but a quick skim).
 
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Dertenk/Hulwan appears to be modern Sarpol-e Zahab (34°27′54″N 45°51′18″E). Rawust/Riyawast I can't find much, but given the rough similarity of name, the short distance from Hulwan, and a weird redirect from "Dertenk" in this Wikipedia article might be modern Rizhaw/Rijab (34°28′23″N 45°58′57″E).

Dinawar is presumably easy and Nehavand is nearby.

Dakuk is probably the one near Kirkuk.

Ushnuh is probably modern Oshnavieh. It's "a town in Adharbayjan" and Le Strange apparently says "50 miles from the southern shore of the lake [Urmia; not my insertion] was Baswa [a.k.a. Pasawa]... to the north-west of it lay the town of Ushnuh." And the town is also called Ushnuyah the Wiki article for Oshnavieh seems to roughly match that description.

Kangavar seems easy.

Karkar is tough, I can find two potential sites, both separated from everything else but also close enough to be possible. Karkar and Kargan-e Qadim (which you seem to have gone with). But there's also a whole bunch of Korkans that could theoretically be close enough.

The Sohri are in either Akre or Rawandaz or Erbil (or multiple). Rawandaz holds more "very high" and "extremely steep" mountains which the Great Zab flows through. Shaqlawa could be this one, which would also put them partially in the Erbil location, but I can't find any Xoftiyans. Tel-Haftun is named as "modern Sohran" here which theoretically could be nearby Soran. I'm not sure why you treat them as two separate entries here (12 and 13).

I can't find a Mazenjan, but since we know it's around the Zab and near Erbil and no mountains are mentioned they might well be in Akre and/or Erbil (the border of these is the Great Zab).

This source (pg 174) says the Zerzaris are said to have lived in Rustaq, a district in what is now the "south-eastern tip of Turkey." That source is also useful for Jolemark and Margavar, on the same page, and also discusses al-Umari in various other places.

Jolemark is modern Hakkari.

Mergewar probably refers to Margavar.

Amadiyah is modern Amedi, and is otherwise obvious since it has a location in-game.

Mt Alfaf is also called Mt Maqlub and is one of the highest mountains in Nineveh, so perhaps the Dabilis lived in this vicinity. But taking the entire mountain range into consideration the highest mountains are in the core mountain range, especially to the northeast of Oshnavieh (that's not based on a thorough check.
Note that there are a couple that I didn't put on the map because I could not place them at all. Also note that there's some places that are mentioned that I couldn't really make work, either, that I didn't mention in the initial post.

Mazenjan is referred to later as being granted Akre, so Akre makes sense there (which is why I went with it).

Then there's these:
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Note that there are a couple that I didn't put on the map because I could not place them at all. Also note that there's some places that are mentioned that I couldn't really make work, either, that I didn't mention in the initial post.

Mazenjan is referred to later as being granted Akre, so Akre makes sense there (which is why I went with it).

Then there's these:
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Malazkerd is unknown but as I said Rustaq is described in the source I linked as a district in the southeastern tip of modern Turkey.

That source also identifies (pg 180-81) Kawar (it says Gawar) as being something called the Gevar Plain. I can't find much by that name but based on the Kurdish name of the place and the surrounding topography I suspect it's the vicinity of modern Yuksekova. Although that doesn't seem to match with "the direction of Rum" in relation to the Jolemarki, assuming the Rum in question is the Sultanate of Rum.

Regarding Mazenjan I think you got your numbers messed up; you put the Sohri in Akre and the Mazenjani in Rawandaz alongside a repeat of the Sohri screenshot.