Events - Wessex
I've decided to go thorough with Anglo-Saxon spellings, so Egbert is now Ecgberht and Ethelbert Aethelberht throughout. (I've corrected Wessex leaders accordingly, Kent will be totally reworked in due course...)
I've begun adding exact dates in together with the year for events / monarch-leader thresholds. Where the precise date is unknown, or meaningless (as with 'Kingdom of the Gewisse') I've gone for March 1st, not January 1st.
* March was the start of the medieval year. It makes no sense to have everything going down in the dead of winter.
* There's often a bit of a stall around Jan 1st what with census taxes and associated calculations. This causes the game to skip the first few days of January. That pisses me off when you've just received a leader.
But if you don't like it, simply adjust all the March 1sts to January 1st. Where I give another date, that's on the basis of evidence.
'Kingdom of the Gewisse'
01/03/519
preq: none
Text: 'The origins of Wessex, as befits the age, are shrouded in mystery. The Saxons of Alfred's day put the kingdom's roots with the arrival of the brothers Cerdic and Cynric, direct descendants of Gewis and Woden, at the mouth of the Hampshire Avon in the year 495. One version of the Anglo-Saxon chronicle seems to imply that this resulted in the creation of a unitary West Saxon kingdom in 519AD. Modern scholarship sees a far more incremental process, with the early seat of power more likely on the upper Thames - a Saxon presence here since the mid-fourth century - than around Winchester. 'Continuity', the extent to which the nascent Germanic kingdom drew from pre-existing British power structures, will always be a matter for disagreement. But the relationship between early Wessex and the powerful West Country Britons has been rationalised as a vassal one; this event represents a trend, the slow gathering of Wessex, and perhaps a recovery from what many believe was some sort of setback at British hands a generation earlier.'
no choice
'Break these bands'
- break vassal with Dyfnain, relations with Dyfnain -25, stability +1, centralisation +1, $25
'Legacy of Ceawlin'
within six years of 01/03/591
preq: none
Text: 'The course of Ceawlin's reign is a litany of aggressive wars. But success on the battlefield did not guarantee peace at home, and there is some indication that the great warrior was in fact deposed before finally dying in c.593. The smoothness of the succession Ceawlin - Ceol is therefore open to question. This event can represent the uncertainty of the post-Ceawlin period, a dynastic war led perhaps by Ceolric, another of the sons of Cutha, who may even have ruled Wessex for a time after Ceawlin's fall.'
no choice
'Treason!'
- stability -1, random revolt
'Dyrham'
any date (hist. c.577/628)
preq: Wessex controls Bristol, Mercian event 'Ashes under Uricon' has not occurred
Text: 'Archaeological evidence suggests that as late as the mid-sixth century Saxon penetration into the Severn valley had not yet threatened the local balance of power. This would change with the accession of an expansionist Gewisse warlord, Ceawlin, Cynric's successor in Wessex after 560. The Chronicle records several major battles, all involving Ceawlin, most, where identified, in the company of his brother Cutha and on hostile ground - at Sarum (552), Berandun (556), Wibbandun (versus Kent, 568), Bedcanford (571), Fethanleag (584), Woddesbeorg (592). In 577, in battle at or near an ancient ringfort at Dyrham, Somerset, Ceawlin and Cutha routed the Britons, killing three kings, Cionmail, Condidan and Farinmail, and siezing three major 'cities', Gloucester, Cirencester and Bath. While the geopolitical significance of this battle may since have been exaggerated, without doubt it helped create a power vaccuum Anglo-Saxon settlers proved all too eager to fill. By the mid-sixth century, two lesser Anglo-Saxon tribe-kingdoms, the Hwicce and the Magonsaete, have arisen here; they occupy the whole basin as far west as the Wye and the Forest of Dean.'
no choice
'Three kings have fallen!' -
converts Bristol to saxon culture (and paganism, if Wessex pagan), stability +1, centralisation -1
'Eomer the Knife'
01/04/626
preq: Northumbria exists
Text: 'On Easter Day, 626, a deputation arrived at Eadwine of Deira's hall by the Yorkshire Derwent. The leader of this band, Eomer, introduced himself as an emissary from Cwichelm, joint king of Wessex. In the presence of the Anglian king and his thegns Eomer spoke. He bore what seemed to be a perfectly normal, friendly-meaningless diplomatic communication from one Anglo-Saxon king to another. However, he had concealed about him a two-edged, poisoned dagger, and before the address was finished he struck, lunging at the unarmed Eadwine. A thegn, Lilla, heroically intervened, throwing himself between the assassin and the king and sustaining a mortal blow. Nevertheless, the dagger was thrust with such force it injured Eadwine through his thegn's body. As Eadwine's enraged retainers fell upon Eomer he slew another, Forthhere, before being cut asunder, but by Lilla's selflessness Eadwine's life was saved. Unsurprisingly, this base act triggered war between Deira and Wessex. As Cwichelm's counsel, you may choose to hire Eomer. There is a 50/50 chance that the attempt will succeed some time over the next two months. If it succeeds, Eadwine dies, destabilising Northumbria. Note though that whether Eomer succeeds or no, Northumbria will take a dim, dim view of your traitorous action.'
choice 1 -
'Order the assassination' - -$25, -1 stability, -5VP, -1 diplomat (if available), relations with Kent, East Anglia, Mercia -25, breaks any RM/alliance/vassal relationship with Northumbria, triggers 'Assassination of Edwin - Success!' and 'Assassination of Edwin - Failure!' events for Northumbria
choice 2 -
'Unthinkable!' - no effect
'Birinus at Dorchester'
within five years of 01/03/634
preq: none
Text: 'The conversion of Wessex appears to have proceeded quite smoothly. In 634, an Italian missionary, Birinus, 'preached baptism to the West Saxons'. The following year, the Saxon king Cynegils was himself baptised at Dorchester-on-Thames, his godfather no less a figure than Oswald of Bernicia. Birinus installed himself at Dorchester as bishop of the Gewisse, though the see was removed to Winchester in 648. From the start, Wessex observed the Latin rite and was subject to the archbishop of Canterbury.'
choice 1 - 'Accept baptism' -
convert Wessex to Catholicism, Wessex, Bristol provinces to Catholic faith (if controlled), +2 centralisation, -1 narrowmindedness, relations with Northumbria +25
choice 2 - 'Spite the Cross' -
-2 stability, -1 centralisation, +1 narrowmindedness
'Old Minster'
within three years of 01/03/648
preq: Wessex, Christian, peace, +ve stability
Text: 'Cenwalh of Wessex, son of the Christian, Cynegils, never was baptised during that king's reign and at first ruled as a pagan. Driven into exile by Penda, he took the cross in East Anglia in 646. Shortly after returning to his throne he consecrated a new minster to Peter and Paul at Winchester, confirming the old Roman civitas as centre of the West Saxon church, a status later confirmed by Archbishop Theodore.'
choice 1 - 'Endow a new church' -
-$25, +1 centralisation, +1 stability, -1 narrowmindedness, +10 VP, convert province of Wessex to Christianity if not already so
choice 2 - 'We don't see the need' -
no effect, perhaps -5 VP
'Age of the Subreguli'
within ten years of 01/03/645
preq: none
Text: 'Wessex entered a protracted time of troubles about the middle of the seventh century. Mercia's inexorable rise spelt the end of Saxon supremacy over the old Gewisse heartland, and by the 650s Wessex retained nothing north of the Thames. Lacklustre leadership saw even the core of the kingdom overrun more than once, and Mercia intermittently ruled over Berkshire and Somerset while simultaneously consolidating its hegemony over the petty kingdoms of the south-east. Inevitably, weak central authority aggravated by military defeat meant power now devolved on local nabobs, known to posterity as the 'subreguli', a state of affairs only rectified by the architects of West Saxon revival, Caedwalla and Ine.'
no choice
'It's the end of an era' -
lose core over Bristol, -1 centralisation, -3 stability, +5 revolt risk, random revolt
'Burning of Mul'
01/03/687
preq: Kent must exist
Text: 'Caedwalla's reign was short, but hugely eventful both in the military and political spheres. In a series of bloody campaigns he quelled the domestic opposition, the 'subreguli', before turning on Wessex's weaker neighbours. Between 685 and 686 he forever suppressed the Jutes of Wight, laid waste Mercia's ally, Sussex, and together with his brother, Mul, overran Kent. Here Mul was installed as king, but in 687 a massive revolt destroyed the new regime. Mul was captured, then burnt by the rebels together with twelve companions. Caedwalla, enraged, turned once more against Kent...'
choice 1 - 'Let us be avenged' -
three-year CB vs Kent, relations with Kent -75
choice 2 - 'Let's let it lie' -
-1 stability, relations with Kent +25, random revolt, sleep leader Caedwalla
'Burning of Mul'
01/03/687
preq: Wessex holds Kent province
Text: 'Caedwalla's reign was short, but hugely eventful both in the military and political spheres. In a series of bloody campaigns he quelled the domestic opposition, the 'subreguli', before turning on Wessex's weaker neighbours. Between 685 and 686 he forever suppressed the Jutes of Wight, laid waste Mercia's ally, Sussex, and together with his brother, Mul, overran Kent. Here Mul was installed as king, but in 687 a massive revolt destroyed the new regime. Mul was captured, then burnt by the rebels together with twelve companions. Caedwalla, enraged, turned once more against Kent...'
no choice
'Vengeance!' -
revolt in Kent, revolt risk in Kent increased +10 for 12 months
'West Saxon Revival'
within ten years of 01/03/685
preq: none
Text: 'Rudderless for three decades, Wessex galvanised under the dynamic rule of Caedwalla. Supposedly a descendant of Ceawlin and a former pagan, he took power, perhaps as the result of a coup, some time in 685. He combined the traits of a vicious and aggressive warlord with the piety of a newcomer to the faith. Bede remembered him as a great benefactor, glossing over an otherwise bloody record. Caedwalla abdicated in 688 to go to Rome, where he died and was buried, with great honours, the following April at the age of about thirty. The throne was left in the hands of a relative, Ine, perhaps the best ruler, as opposed to fighter, yet to hold Wessex. Over the course of a 38-year reign Ine secured peace and reparations from Wihtred of Kent for the burning of Mul, issued a historically significant law code and fought the West Welsh, the South Saxons and the Mercians with varying degrees of success. Like Caedwalla before him, he safeguarded his immortal soul (and Church historians' favour) by means of many benefactions - and once again, both he and his queen abdicated to go to Rome (726). As a side note, Saxon penetration of Devon now merits a CB shield over Cornwall.'
no choice
'Arise!' -
+3 stability, -5 revolt risk, province of Wessex gains taxvalue/?manpower, +1 centralisation, gain core over Cornwall, relocate court to Wessex if Wessex held and court currently elsewhere
'Founding of Hamwih'
any time after 01/03/690
preq: Wessex, peace, +ve stability
Text: 'By the late seventh century north-western Europe was enjoying a modest boom-time. Magnates on both sides of the Channel began to understand the potential of regulated trade. Some time in the late seventh century, probably during the reign of Ine, Hamwih - close by later Southampton - was founded. As royal-sanctioned emporium of Wessex this 'wic' opened the region to regularised trade with northern and western Gaul. In the 1980s, extensive excavation of mid-Saxon Southampton revealed a grid of gravel streets, possible evidence of a royal residence, remains of a rich and varied diet and steelworks slag of near-modern quality; all point to growing sophistication and broadening horizons. The ahistorical choice allows for a more enthusiastic seizure of these new possibilities at the cost of some social dislocation.'
choice 1 - 'Wessex is open for business' -
+2 merchants, +1 diplomat, free trade +1, -5% inflation, further increase in Wessex's base tax value
choice 2 - 'Full royal backing' -
as above but -$50, +1 naval, +2 free trade, -2 aristocracy, -1 serfdom, -2 stability, +4 merchants and +3 diplomats
'Bede's Ecclesiastical History'
731
preq: neither Bernicia, Deira, Northumbria, East Anglia, Kent nor Mercia exists
no choice
Apply 'Bede' effects, stability +1, narrowmindedness -1, ??FAA in Wessex
'Treason of Cyneheard'
01/03/786
preq: none
Text: 'From the Chronicle: "... 31 years after he [Cynewulf] took the kingdom, he wanted to drive out a certain aetheling who was called Cyneheard ... [Cyneheard] learnt that the king, with a small force, was in the company of a woman at Merton; and he rode after him there, and surrounded the hall before the men who were with the king were aware of him. And then the king perceived this, and he went to the door and then defended himself in no disgraceful way until he caught sight of the aetheling, and then rushed out on him and greatly wounded him; and they were all fighting against the king until they had killed him. And then from the woman's cries the king's thegns ran to the entrance, and whoever was ready and quickest ran there; and the aetheling offered each of them money and life, and not one of them wanted to accept it; but they were fighting continuously until all lay dead but for one Welsh hostage, and he was very wounded." The following day, thegns loyal to the dead Cynewulf arrive at Merton and storm the hall, slaughtering Cyneheard's loyalists despite the aetheling's desperate promises of favour under a new regime.'
choice 1 - 'Defend the King!' -
stability -1, random revolt
choice 2 - 'Switch sides' -
aristocracy +1, centralisation -1, stability -3, $25, sleep monarch Beorhtric, wake monarch Cyneheard, disable Mercian event 'Princess Eadburh'.
'An Irresistible Offa'
01/03/787
preq: triggered by Mercian event 'Princess Eadburh', disabled if player opted for Cyneheard in 'Treason of Cyneheard'
Text: 'Mercia reached the pinnacle of its power in the late eighth century, and despite its consistently stubborn resistance to previous giants, Wulfhere and Aethelbald, Wessex found itself barely able to withstand the regular prodding of Offa's behemoth. Already the southern kingdom had passed under Midland domination for a short spell in the 730s, though Cuthred regained some of the lost prestige by holding Aethelbald to a costly defeat at Burford (752). Berkshire fell under outright Mercian control about the same time, there to remain, this time until the middle of the following century. In the aftermath of the Cynewulf / Cyneheard debacle Beorhtric must have leapt at the chance of a dynastic wedding, dangled before his eyes by Offa in the shape of his daughter, Eadburh. That this would necessarily mean accepting some measure of Creoding influence (as well as the less than pleasant Eadburh) it will have seemed preferable to the total eradication of Wessex...'
choice 1 - 'An olive branch...' -
peace with Mercia, RM with Mercia, vassal to Mercia, relations with Mercia +25, stability +1
choice 2 - 'Reject the Mercian' -
break any existing RM with Mercia, relations with Mercia -50
'Accession of Ecgberht'
01/03/802
preq: none
Text: 'Wessex was rescued from a second spell in the doldrums by its greatest king yet. Ecgberht, an exile prince perhaps drawn from Kentish stock, picked up the reins to a ravaged kingdom consisting of little more than central Wessex and parts west. Having imposed order, he embarked on a stellar military career. He fought the West Welsh and the Hwicce. He led forays into the Mercian-ruled south-east. Post game (825) he destroyed Beornwulf's Mercian army at the battle of Ellandun, reversing the island's balance of power virtually overnight. Defeat shattered the homage-built 'Greater Mercia' wrought by Aethelbald and Offa. As restless tributaries rose up, Ecgberht scooped up Kent, Sussex and Surrey and backed a successful East Anglian revolt. For one year, 829, he bent the neck of Mercia and Northumbria, and was Bretwalda - the last. Some have called him 'the first king of England' for this, though that is premature. Later in his reign he battled Vikings, finally breaking the West Welsh back when he defeated a Danish-Cornish alliance at Hengestesdun. He left Wessex strong, confident, diplomatically significant and twice the size; Ecgberht was Philip to Aelfred's Alexander. Without the new and stronger basis he gave Wessex it is hard to imagine Aelfred and his successors resisting the challenges of the Viking century, never mind forging one unified English kingdom.'
no choice
'Dryhten! Dryhten!' -
+2 stability, gain Jutish culture, gain core in Kent, Bristol, relations with Kent +150, relations with Mercia -25, RM with Kent, $50, centralisation +1, innovative +1, 2 diplomats, break vassaldom with Mercia, relocate court to Wessex if Wessex held and court currently elsewhere
5x 'Welsh Raids'
One randomly within 68 years of each of 01/01/476, 544, 612, 680, 748
preq: none
Text: 'The western frontier was a constant source of irritation, though the general trend was definitely in the Saxons' favour. Kings of Wessex frequently sweep Dumnonia 'to the western sea', and they seem capable of doing this even when Wessex is in dire straits elsewhere. The drift of settlement slowly but relentlessly worked to the West Welsh disadvantage. Wiltshire and Gloucestershire passed out of the Celtic world after the 570s, most of Dorset and the area surrounding Exeter in the mid-seventh century, Purbeck and Somerset behind the Parrett in the early eighth, then Devon's good soil, then, by 819, the rest of Devon, leaving the frontier on the Tamar. Although Cornwall retained some autonomy until the reign of Athelstan, Hengestesdun - 838 - probably marks the end of its active life.'
no choice
'They'll pay for this!' -
random revolt, relations with Dyfnain -25, 24-month CB vs Dyfnain