As far as I know, zero. The doctrine changes the penalty from -2% (NAir.CAPACITY_PENALTY) for each percent of overcrowding to -1.6% (i.e. a reduction of -20%). But it still means that you lose efficiency faster than planes are added. The penalty reduction would need to be over 50% to make at least a bit of overcrowding optimal.
@Secret Master might have run some tests on that.
Edit: the AI uses the formula -(bonus * 2 + 3)/(bonus * -3 - 3), resulting in 8.3% overcrowding at a penalty reduction of -20%. Not sure why it does that, might be based on the old naval air combat system prior to 1.6.