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Tinto Maps #23 - 18th of October 2024 - China

Hello, and welcome to another week of Tinto’s fun Maps. This week it will be a huge one, as we will take a look at the entirety of China. It is a really big area, but it didn’t make sense to split it into multiple parts to present it separately, so we are showing it all at once. So, without further ado, let’s get started.

Countries
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Obviously the territory is dominated by Yuán, with Dali as its vassal. They appear big, strong, and scary, but they will have their own fair share of problems for sure. I will not go into detail into the countries that can be seen further south, as we will talk about Southeast Asia in a future Tinto Maps.

Societies of Pops
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Quite a variety of peoples in Southwest China, as you will see later in the culture maps.

Dynasties
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Here we finally have managed to catch the full name of the Borjigin dynasty in all its glory.

Locations
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Before you ask, there are around 1800 locations in China proper, not counting impassables and barring possible counting errors.

Provinces
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Areas
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Terrain
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You will notice here that there are few locations assigned as "farmlands", that's because when we did this part of the map there was yet not a clear criteria on how we would be defining the farmlands and their placement here hasn't been reviewed yet.

Development
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As mentioned before, the harsh changes of development at the end of China proper is probably too strong right now and it’s something that will have to be reviewed, especially at the Liáodōng area.

Natural Harbors
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Cultures
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There is a lot of cultural variation in China, not only among the sinitic peoples (which have been divided according to their linguistical and dialectal differences) but also having many other types of non-sinitic peoples. The resulting pie chart for the cultures of the country is a wonder to see indeed. And even if Yuán itself is Mongolian, there are actually very few Mongolian people in the country, as only the ruling class would belong to it. That is one other source of further trouble for Yuán.

Religions
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Considering religion, there is also a lot of variation in the South West, and one thing you will notice is the clear lack of “Animism”. We have finally eliminated Animism as a religion from the game and have divided it into many multiple ones. Besides this, and some Muslim presence in some areas, there are other small pockets of religions that do not get to appear in the map, like Manichaeism, Nestorianism, Judaism and Zoroastrianism. And the elephant in the room is the Mahayana, that we have already mentioned that we have plans on dividing it, but more on it at the end.

Raw Materials
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A very resource rich region, which makes it understandable that China was able to basically be self-sufficient in terms of resources for long periods in history, and with many sources of highly appreciated resources like silk, tea, and even soybeans. Another interesting thing is the division on the preference of grain cultivation, with rice being more prominent in the south while the north tends to favor wheat and sturdy grains (millet, basically).

Markets
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Population
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Yes, there’s a lot of population in China, and with that many people and that many resources it obviously has a lot of potential. We have been following population census of 1351 and 1393, which allows us to have the most accurate values we can have.

Now, before closing off, let me turn back once again to the subject of religion, as it has already been pointed out that having a single Mahayana religion covering both China and Tibet (and parts of India) may not be the best both for accuracy and gameplay reasons, and we basically agree with it so we are planning on reworking a bit but it hasn’t been done in time for this Tinto Maps. However, as we are aware that you are not able to provide proper feedback unless we present you something, let me now share with you what are our plans with it. Please keep in mind that I will NOT go into details about their mechanics, and only talk about their distribution.

First of all, Tibetan Buddhism will be split and turned into its own religion. Although it “technically” is part of the Mahayana branch, it is true that its practices have distinguished it from Chinese Buddhism enough to represent it as its own religion, starting from the fact that they do not follow the same canon. The Mahayana that was present in India was already an outlier from start, so it will be made into its own religion.

That leaves out that the current “Mahayana” remaining in game will be Chinese Buddhism, that is, those following the Chinese Buddhist canon, and it will be present in China, Korea, and Vietnam. The question remains on what to call the religion, and several things have to be considered for that:

  1. The religion will already include blended into it Confucianism and Daoism besides Buddhism, so all three religions are included. That means it can’t be named either Confucianism or Daoism, as they have been bundled in. Buddhism was taken as the base name because, from the three, it was considered as the one mostly oriented towards the “religious” (Confucianism being more focused on administration and Daoism on rituals), and the most similar to what an organized religion would be outside of China.
    1. As a subpoint on that, and I can’t go into details for it yet, but there will also be options inside it to favor Buddhism over Confucianism or the opposite, so that is already covered too.
  2. As mentioned, it will be present not only in China but also in Korea and Vietnam (and any other country that may convert too, like for example Japan), so naming it something that’s too intrinsic to Chinese identity would not be ideal. That would mean that a term like Sānjiào, although good, would feel a bit out of place when playing for example as Korea (we know that the concept spread there too, but it was more prominent inside China and regardless having the name be directly in Chinese would be the main issue when playing outside China)

So, for now, the current name we are considering for the religion is directly “Chinese Buddhism”, or even leaving it as “Mahayana”, understanding that the main current of Mahayana is the version following the Chinese canon anyway. But feel free to suggest any alternative naming if you feel that there may be a better option we haven’t thought of, as long as it takes into consideration the previous points. And of course, let us know your feedback on the proposed representation and distribution too.

And that’s it for today, after a bit longer closing than usual. Next week we’ll be back a bit further east, taking a look at Korea and Japan. Hope to see you there!
 
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Some areas in the Yunnan were made according to modern maps

This area in western Yunnan was ceded to British Raj (Myanmar) during the late Qing Dynasty(Decades after the end of the game time line)
Qing Dynasty ceded eight passes(fortress) of Tengyue to British Raj (Myanmar). Refer to the eight red circles.
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In terms of the border between Yuan and Vietnam/Laos, the border in Laos is correct, and the border in southwestern Yunnan is also correct, but the border in Vietnam is based on modern territory (this area was ceded to Colony of French Republic, Indochina in the late Qing Dynasty)
In 1895, 3000 square kilometers of land in Mengwu and Ude were ceded to French Indochina.
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The triangular area in the northwest of Yunnan was occupied by the Qing Dynasty, so I have no requirements for its land boundary.
However, the two regional boundaries I mentioned above (western and southern Yunnan) have been regarded as part of the traditional southwest region for the past millennium(before the start of the game time line), until the arrival of the British and French in the 19th century(after the end of the game time line).
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(Forgive me for the rough hand drawn map correction)


Regarding the westernpart of Yunnan, a location called 'Tengyue' can be added. Or simply modify the boundaries of some locations.
A EU4's mod called Pax China has successfully achieved the provinces of Tengyue Eight Passes(The orange yellow province) and modern Chinese Yunnan territory(The green province). It can be seen that the Tengyue Eight Passes almost partially surround the protruding part of western Yunnan and are relatively slender, so it may be better to add them in two or more locations……
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Regarding the southeastern part of Yunnan, two location called 'Mengwu' and ‘Ude ’ can be added. Or simply modify the boundaries of some locations.
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Regarding farmland terrain, I do hope you’ll figure out a way to add dynamic vegetation. Forests being cut down and then turned into farmlands happened in many places during this period. And ”farmlands” representing intense agriculture means that there should be corresponding agricultural activity to sustain it, otherwise nature will just reclaim the land.
 
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It's obvious that a massive amount of work has gone into this, so I want to congratulate the devs on having got this far. I can see a lot of decisions that make sense in the two areas I know well.

Regarding the name of the principal religion: I think "Chinese Buddhism" is a really poor option since it's going to be used in Japan and Korea as well. You can't let nationalists control everything, but that's going to be like a red rag to a bull.

I also share the surprise of many people that Macao is not a separate location, since it seems very likely that players would be interested in an event or other content to lease it. Another obvious place for something like a treaty-port would be Xiamen/Amoy, and it's also important in the Project Caesar era because it was central to Koxinga's Ming loyalist state. It couldn't be called Xiamen/Amoy though, since that name was coined by the Ming. Xiamen island is currently part of the Datong location; this name is totally new to me, though I presume the Tong is the same as current 同安 Tong'an District. I think you should consider splitting the area around Xiamen Bay off of it.

Hm, main culture I can think of that might be missing is She. Did you guys decide that was too granular?
This was the biggest thing that jumped out at me as well. I wonder whether perhaps the She have been folded into the Hakka, on the theory that the vast majority of She people today speak Hakka Chinese. But they are culturally distinct (the vast majority of Irish people speak English today, but that doesn't make them English!) and the linguistic situation was different in 1337 (again, the analogy of Ireland might help). Page 24 of this article by Laurent Sagart has a map showing the Hakka heartland in 1550 (it's taken from S.T.Leong's definitive book on early Hakka history). The Hakka were migrating southwards through this period, so I think the current Project Caesar map has the Hakka Culture extending too far to the southwest and those areas should be shown as She culture (centred roughly around the Fengshun location).
View attachment 1203678
What's this religious minority around Fujian? Manichaeans?
There were both Catholic and Muslim minorities here at this point, so it could be either. The lower striped area includes Quanzhou/Zayton, which in 1337 is reported to have had a Parisian bishop, Nicholas (though I do slightly wonder whether this might be a case of mistaken identity with Nicolas da Botras, the Archbishop of Beijing/Khanbalik at the same date).
 
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There are some references about agricultural areas in China because its seems not be done at all:

North China Plain (the largest plain in China and the most important grain producing area for a long time), Guanzhong Plain and Sichuan Basin (relatively small, but still very important, Guanzhong Plain has long been the seat of China's capital in the Tang Dynasty and before; Sichuan Basin is famous for Dujiangyan Irrigation Project, a water conservancy facility that proves the richness of Sichuan Basin), the Yangtze River coastal plain (including the middle reaches and downstream areas, which is one of the richest areas, especially the Jiangnan area in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River)

View attachment 1203781
Here's a rough map of farmland, with red circles, and blue circles are the core cities

I know this is a surprising suggestion about such a huge farmland area, but considering that China has been a huge empire known for agriculture since ancient times and is renowned for various water conservancy facilities. These regions have long agricultural traditions and vast farmland areas, especially in the core areas.
To be honest, I'm a bit iffy on farmland in general. Part of me does wonder if it'd be best served by simply being very high development grassland.

Anyway, I'd be a bit worried making the north too attractive. As of the Thirteenth century, only 15% of the population of china lived in the North. So having such a large amount of farmland would I fear mean it'd be a bit disproportionate to the reality of things at this time.
 
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The border between Cixi and Yuyao is wrong. You used the modern (20c) border here. The correct border resembles the one between Ningbo and Shaoxing in EU4
 
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I think the boder between shǎnxī and souther gobi area can still be optimised. The border in the Project Caeser is identical to the current northern border of Shǎnxī province, which is slightly moved northward from what it should be back then. The second image shows the boder of shǎnxī both in Ming Dynasty and at present. I stressed the modern part with red lines, so it will be easier to tell the differences.
During Ming and Qing Dynasty, which covered the majority of time of Project Caeser, this border stayed like this because this is actually the Great Wall and the border between settled and nomadic people. So I hope it could be more accurate, considering the rest of borders in area level are quite accurate according to provinces in Ming Dynasty.
The map I used in image 2 is a section from The Historical Atlas of China by Tan Qixiang, the authoritative historical maps in China. I couldn't find maps or texts in English, since the Wikipedia in English doesn't have enough information on this subject. So I have to use Content in Chinese. But I believe the developers must be also familiar with this map, maybe they just missed this slight difference.
Somehow I couldn't insert any links here, but the English Wikipedia for The Historical Atlas of China does exist.
 

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I am sorry that my comments were made about regional religions in China Without looking closely.
What I noted is that some locations‘names are not right .Like Zuoquan in tihis picture.The place is named after a World War II general Zuoquan.So it is not apprapriate to appear in Yuan Dyansty.It should be named "Liaoshan" at this time.
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I sent a document showing the Yuan and Ming dynasties of China's most famous historical map work by a well-known Chinese scholar, Tan Qixiang. Maybe you can refer to what if someone in your team can understand Chinese in its pictures ?(some explanation has English translations)
 

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To be honest, I'm a bit iffy on farmland in general. Part of me does wonder if it'd be best served by simply being very high development grassland.

Anyway, I'd be a bit worried making the north too attractive. As of the Thirteenth century, only 15% of the population of china lived in the North. So having such a large amount of farmland would I fear mean it'd be a bit disproportionate to the reality of things at this time.
Even if we only consider rainfall and temperature, most parts of North China are not grasslands, but forests. Although the destruction of the Yuan Dynasty has not been fully repaired, the restoration of the Ming Dynasty and the population explosion of the Qing Dynasty have both filled up the population in the north. So there is no doubt that this is farmland.
 
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As a Chinese player, I would like to offer suggestions for naming religions. I believe that the names of religions in China are very problematic. As a fusion of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism, we usually refer to them as "儒释道". However, this name is neither suitable nor pleasant to hear, so I suggest changing the name to a more folk style "神话 myth"

 
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There are some references about agricultural areas in China because its seems not be done at all:

North China Plain (the largest plain in China and the most important grain producing area for a long time), Guanzhong Plain and Sichuan Basin (relatively small, but still very important, Guanzhong Plain has long been the seat of China's capital in the Tang Dynasty and before; Sichuan Basin is famous for Dujiangyan Irrigation Project, a water conservancy facility that proves the richness of Sichuan Basin), the Yangtze River coastal plain (including the middle reaches and downstream areas, which is one of the richest areas, especially the Jiangnan area in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River)

View attachment 1203781
Here's a rough map of farmland, with red circles, and blue circles are the core cities

I know this is a surprising suggestion about such a huge farmland area, but considering that China has been a huge empire known for agriculture since ancient times and is renowned for various water conservancy facilities. These regions have long agricultural traditions and vast farmland areas, especially in the core areas.
and here is a supplement regarding the potential for grain production, it's easy to identify the main farmland areas

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To be honest, I'm a bit iffy on farmland in general. Part of me does wonder if it'd be best served by simply being very high development grassland.
Disagree, the nile valley is not a highly developed grassland. Outside of that, with proper irrigation you could have farmlands in otherwise fairly arid areas where the grass dries up every summer.
 
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There are some references about agricultural areas in China because its seems not be done at all:

North China Plain (the largest plain in China and the most important grain producing area for a long time), Guanzhong Plain and Sichuan Basin (relatively small, but still very important, Guanzhong Plain has long been the seat of China's capital in the Tang Dynasty and before; Sichuan Basin is famous for Dujiangyan Irrigation Project, a water conservancy facility that proves the richness of Sichuan Basin), the Yangtze River coastal plain (including the middle reaches and downstream areas, which is one of the richest areas, especially the Jiangnan area in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River)

View attachment 1203781
Here's a rough map of farmland, with red circles, and blue circles are the core cities

I know this is a surprising suggestion about such a huge farmland area, but considering that China has been a huge empire known for agriculture since ancient times and is renowned for various water conservancy facilities. These regions have long agricultural traditions and vast farmland areas, especially in the core areas.
We will review the farmlands. As I said, the criteria was not well established yet when we did this area.
 
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Would love to see the changes you made to locations for market map mode be applied to the other ones. The flat locations looked 100x better than the stained glass thing going on now
 
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Xiangfan襄樊 means Xiangyang襄阳 and Fancheng樊城, just like Budapest is Buda and Pest. And the name Xiangfan was only used from 1979 to 2010, and now it has been restored to Xiangyang. As shown in the picture, the yellow part is Xiangyang and the green part is Fancheng.Please change Shuanggou双沟 to Fancheng, Xiangfan to Xiangyang
 
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To be honest, I'm a bit iffy on farmland in general. Part of me does wonder if it'd be best served by simply being very high development grassland.

Anyway, I'd be a bit worried making the north too attractive. As of the Thirteenth century, only 15% of the population of china lived in the North. So having such a large amount of farmland would I fear mean it'd be a bit disproportionate to the reality of things at this time.
In fact, there were large-scale population migrations during the Yuan and Ming dynasties, moving towards the west and north where the population was relatively small and the land had already been sufficiently developed
 
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