Tinto Maps #24 - 25th of October - Japan and Korea

[itoma_aikon]

I found an interesting article about materials produced in Japan, so I will share it.

Spoiler: Takeuchi, Rizo.1975 EN

The system of economic life that depends on such estates is called the estate economy. Initially, the income of the estate owners came from the harvest of rice from their direct management fields (directly managed fields) or from land tax rice, but the estate lords who obtained the right of exemption gradually strengthened their collection from the peasants on behalf of the state. By the twelfth century, in addition to land tax, they began to collect public duties (which correspond to the system of rent and tax). The land tax was about three to five shō per段 until around the eleventh to twelfth centuries, but as the right of exemption became generalized, an amount equivalent to the rice from the land ancestor (seven shō and five go per段) was added, and it began to be called annual tribute. By the thirteenth century, the annual tribute was referred to as "tōdai," and it diversified to about one to one stone per段. Initially, public duties were mainly for procuring goods needed by the lords, in the plains estates, for example, melons, potatoes, gohō, lotus, beans, and ropes; in the mountainous estates, for example, horse chestnuts, chestnuts, walnuts, yam, persimmons, dry ginger, horsetail, and flat mushrooms; in coastal or island estates, salt, dried sea bream, oysters, and wild cloth; and in estates with many fields, wheat, soybeans, and sesame. Eventually, they began to impose duties such as daily laborers, annual tribute transport security, and treasure house security soldiers. The estate lords sought all the living resources and domestic labor from the estates throughout the year, allocating them monthly and daily to create a system of rotating vegetables. The completion of this system was around the twelfth century.

Spoiler: Takeuchi, Rizo.1975 JA

こうした荘園に依存して経済生活を行う仕組みを荘園経済という。荘園所有者は、初めは田地の収穫稲（直営田）か地子稲がその収入であったが、不輸権を得た荘園領主は、次第に国に代って荘民からの収取を強め、十二世紀になると、地子にほかに公事（令制の租庸調傜役にあたるもの）を取り立てるようになる。地子は、十一～二世紀ごろまでには段別三斗から五斗であったが、不輸権が一般化すると、これに田祖分（段別七升五合）相当が加えられて年貢と呼ばれるようになる。十三世紀には、年貢分は斗代とよばれ、段別一斗から一石前後に及ぶまで多様化する。公事も初めは、米以外に領主の必要とする物資の調達がおもで、例えば平野部の荘園では、瓜・芋・午房・蓮・豆・繩など、山間部の荘園では、栃・栗・胡桃・薯蕷・柿・干厥・土筆・平茸など、海辺や海島の荘園では塩・干鯛・蠣・荒布など、畑地の多い荘園では麦・大豆・胡麻などであったが、やがて日割り人夫や、年貢運送警備や宝蔵警備の兵士役まで課すようになる。荘園領主は、こうして一年中の生活資源と家内的な労働力をすべて荘園にもとめ、月割り日割りに荘園に割り当てて、廻御菜の仕組みを作り上げた。その仕組みの完成は、ほぼ十二世紀ごろである。

In short, the products other than rice were:
In the plains:
Melons (fruit), potatoes (potato), gohō, lotus (medicaments), beans (legumes), ropes (fiber crops)
In the mountains:
Horse chestnuts (fruit), chestnuts (fruit), walnuts (fruit), yam (potato), persimmons (fruit), dry ginger (medicaments), horsetail (medicaments), flat mushrooms (medicaments)
In coastal areas:
Salt (salt), dried sea bream (fish), oysters (fish), wild cloth
In fields:
Wheat (wheat, sturdy grains), soybeans (soybeans), sesame
It is said that these were produced, and although not included in the list of products, gohō, chestnuts, and walnuts can all be considered oil-producing plants.

Also, in another document:

Spoiler: Kanda, Yuri. 2020 EN

In other words, the "timber" that was generating major economic profits at that time was later cut down from the Hata estate in the Shimoyama region and transported to Kyoto via Sakai in Izumi Province (now Sakai City in Osaka Prefecture) (from "Daijōin Jisha Zasshiki"). The "good wood" of Tosa had been attracting attention as a product early on.

Spoiler: Kanda, Yuri. 2020 JA

つまり、当時主要な経済的利潤を生み出していた「材木」は、のちに幡多荘下山郷から伐採され、和泉国堺津（現在の大阪府堺市）を経由して京都に運ばれていた（『大乗院寺社雑事記』）。早くから土佐の「良木」が産物として注目されていたのである。

It is stated that the hata of Tosa should be lumber.

Also, not a product but a development:

Spoiler: Higasijima, Makoto. 2023 EN

The eastern part of Suruga Province, known as "Kawato," is a region blessed with production conditions due to the underground water from Mount Fuji. As mentioned earlier, every daimyō in the surrounding area wanted to control it as a directly governed territory, and therefore, it became an indirect zone among the daimyōs where no one could maintain stable control.

Spoiler: Higasijima, Makoto. 2023 JA

駿河国東部、いわゆる「河東」の地は、富士山の伏流水によって生産条件に恵まれた地域で、先述したとおり、周囲の大名の誰もが直轄領として手中に収めたいと考え、それゆえに誰も安定的には支配できないという、大名たちの間接地帯となっていた。

It is stated that the sunto and Fuji of Suruga should have a high level of development.

References
Takeuchi, Rizo.1975. 荘園分布図　上巻. Tokyo: 吉川弘文館
Kanda, Yuri. 2020. ここまでわかった戦国時代の天皇と公家衆たち. Tokyo: 文学通信
Higasijima, Makoto. 2023. 「幕府」とは何か. Tokyo?:NHK出版