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Tinto Maps #8 - 28th of June 2024 - Russia

Hello, and welcome one more week to Tinto Maps! This week we’ll be taking a look at Russia!

As an introductory note, we’re just considering today the ‘Russian core’, which in 1337 comprised the different Russian Principalities, as far as the White Sea to the north, and the Ural Mountains to the east. The lands that would later be incorporated into the Russian Empire will be covered in future Tinto Maps (otherwise, we would have to cover like… 1/8th? of the land mass in just one DD).

Countries
Countries.png

Russia is divided into several Principalities in 1337. The dominant one probably is Muscovy, as its Grand Prince, Ivan I Danilovich ‘Kalita’ (‘Moneybag’) is also Prince of Nizhny Novgorod and Kostroma, and of Novgorod (by election, in this case). He also holds the title of Grand Prince of Vladimir, bestowed by the Khan of the Golden Horde, which makes him the ruler enforcing the ‘Tatar Yoke’ over other Russian Principalities (which in our game is represented through an IO; the coloring of the different countries is different tones of yellow as they are tributaries of the Yoke). The other main power in the region is the Grand Republic of Novgorod, with a completely different institutional structure, that allows them to pick their rulers. Their power comes from being the main trading power between the Baltic Sea and the Russian region, and it’s the overlord of two border countries, the Principality of Pskov, and the County of Oreshek, a buffer country in Karelia, as agreed with Sweden after a recent war. Several lands to the north and east are not owned by any country. As a final note, you may also see that Lithuania is the overlord of some of the principalities, some of them directly through Gediminid rulers (Polotsk or Vitebsk), while other over Rurikovich rulers (Smolensk or Rzhev).

Muscovy.png

Tatar Yoke.png

The starting diplomatic of Muscovy and the Tatar Yoke IO, for the sake of clarity.

Dynasties
Dynasties.png

Several branches of the House of Rurik rule over the Russian lands. Fun fact: we have 18 different branches portrayed in the game. The exceptions are a few principalities, and the ruler of Karelia, Prince Narimantas of the Lithuanian Gediminids. Also, the 'Cherdyn' and 'Vyatka' are randomly assigned dynasties, as we haven't been able to get the data for those countries on 1337.

Locations
Locations.png

We’re showing a less detailed region this week because, well, Russia is big. Feel free to ask for more detailed screenshots of specific areas, and I’ll try to provide them. We’re also showing some parts of the Steppe, Finland, and Kola, because of the scale of the map; take them as ‘unavoidable spoilers’, as we’ll talk more in-depth about them in future Tinto Maps.

Provinces
Provinces.png

The provinces of Russia. As usual, suggestions are welcomed!

Terrain
Climate.png

Topography.png

Vegetation.png

Terrain map modes. As discussed in previous Tinto Maps, we’ll read carefully your feedback, as we have plenty of room to polish them!

Cultures
Cultures.png

Cultures! As in other regions, we decided to have three different cultures in the Russian region, Novgorodian, Muscovite, and Severian. The design here is different than in the Ruthenian region, because Russia was more politically divided in the High Middle Ages, and would later be more culturally unified later on, while in Ruthenia, the situation would be the opposite. In any case, the four of them are East Slavic cultures, and we're open to feedback, of course. Apart from that, there are a bunch of different cultures bordering the region: Karelian, Pomor, Komi, Udmurt, etc. We might add some more minorities of these cultures, in the feedback pass after this DD. Also, take into account that the minorities over the Tatar lands (currently under the Kazani and Mishary cultures) are not yet done.

Religions
Religion.png

Eastern Orthodoxy is dominant in the region, although there are other religions in the area, as well; take ‘Animist’, ‘Tengrist’, and ‘Shamanist’ as wide categories, as we’d like to add a bit more granularity for them (although that will come later this year, don’t expect them to be added in the coming Tinto Maps, but maybe on the later ones). We’ve already seen some posts asking about Slavic Paganism; up until now, we’ve considered the Russian people to be Christianized, even if it was a more or less superficial process. If you’d like us to add this religion and some percentage of the population adhering to it, then I’d ask you for specific sources that could help us portray it (so, isolated references to it being followed here or there won’t be helpful, while academic sources saying ‘up to X% of the population was following Slavic rites’ might very much be).

Raw Materials
Raw Materials.png

Quite different resources to other regions previously shown, with plenty of Lumber, Fur, and Wild Game in this region. I’ve also extended a bit the screenshot to the east, so you can see the mineral richnesses of the Ural Mountains, with plenty of locations with Copper, Iron, Gold, and Lead, making it quite juicy to colonize.

Markets
Markets.png

The counter to the richness of the natural resources of the region is its integration into the different markets, which at the start of the game are centered around Novgorod, Moscow, and Kazan. Fully exploiting the economic possibilities of Russia will therefore require effort and patience.

Country and Location population
Country Population.png

Location Population SW.png

Location Population SE.png


Location Population NE.png

Location Population NW.png

Not many people inhabit the Russian core, approximately 6M in total. This poses a series of challenges regarding the expansion of any Russian country. Also, we've divided into 4 different maps of the location population of the region, to make it possible to visualize. A side note: you might note that the population of NW Novgorod and Karelia is calculated a bit differently. That's because Johan took care of drawing the Scandinavian map in an early stage of development, and the Content Design team took over the rest of Russia at a later stage when we had already refined a bit more our population calculation methods. This means that when we do the feedback pass after this Tinto Maps, in a few weeks, we'll homogenize the style, as well.

And this is all for today! We hope that you’ll find it interesting, and give us great feedback! Next week we’re traveling to Carpathia and the Balkans! See you!
 
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I hope Novgorod will be able to form some alternate tag, instead of just Russia but with republic. After all, I believe Novgorod would have gone quite a different path of development, instead of going for Pacific, since Novgorod was very into Trade
 
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Overall a really good job. It is finally a great pleasure to see such a big work being done in Eastern Europe, but I want to attribute in the case of trading centers, important cities and Muscowy role in Northern Russia.

Muscowy's rise is wrongly attributed ONLY to khan's help, or military conquests, while in reality it was a great deal of economic and rise of prestige. First off, rise of Muscowy military and prestige power was due to mass migration of religious leaders and nobility to Moscow who disliked tatar yoke in Kyiv, disliked duke Mikhail of Tver, supporter of Nogai Khan, for coming to conditions with leader of Pro-Sarai faction Andrei of Gorodets, and disliked Ivan of Pereyaslavl, who laked prestige, power, or money. Those elites (mainly forming higher nobility and serving class people), migrating from southern Rus lands, brought their military power, economic traditions, money, and connections. Overall migration from lands of Southern Rus reached huge scale, since many boyar houses appearing in Muscowy take their heritage from either Chernyhiv, or Kyiv principalities around 1290-1305.

Second, role of Mitropolit, who was seen as a prime authority in Russian Orthodox Church and had a great influence. Muscowy becoming a center of Russian Orthodoxy made a huge impact on economic growth and prestige of the state. Mitropolit Maksim first moved to Vladimir-on-Klyzma from Kyiv, which changed the seat of power from Southern Rus to Northern Rus, but afterwards Moscow became a center. Kalita was able to use this to gain more authority over taxation and justification of centralization efforts. Mitropolit Peter was living in Moscow for some time after 1320~, and Church generally supported Moscow.

Third, centralization proccesses of Ivan Kalita, his brother, and their father Daniel, with help of nobility and service people (1st) and Orthodox Church (2nd). Bigger army, higher influence and stability with high centralization allowed Moscow to project power and become a main collector for tatar khans. Now all the money and trade goods from all the Northern Rus was coming through Moscow: bread was flowing to the north and furs were traveling down south. It comes into a really interesting topic of how Kalita was able to use money consolidation from all the Northern Russia to buy Uglich (which was a main trading center), Beloozero and Galich.

Overall, everything came down to monetary factors. Ivan Kalita's reign was mainly centered around money and trade. Moscow was not a trade center at the time, just an administrative, which decreased abilities of Moscow princes. Muscow princes were able to contest a prestigious title of grand dukes of Vladimir at time time, but had it chanhed multiple times in a fights with Tver. They were also in a position of shifting diplomacy between Novgorod and Golden hord.
For around 40 years, since reign of Yuriy of Moscow, principality was able to push control over main trading lines while securing taxation and relations with church. But how was Moscow, a city in the middle of nowhere, become a central piece in Northern Rus economy? Because of 1, 2 and 3 they pulled a "control all money flows" card and won monetarily.

All trade was mainly done through few ways:
From Neva to Ladoga down to Novgorod to (via land) Tver, or Torzhok to Uglich, or Yaroslavl, or Rostov (via land) to Nizhegorod (GREAT trading post, located where Oka falls into Volga, thus being a bottleneck for all trading and taxation done from Northern Russia to Southeast) and down down down until you reach Kazan, or Sarai, or Astrakhan, or Persian cities, or move your goods through land to Don river and down south, where Genoa had trading posts and was ready to buy all your furs.
Moscow was located on the poor Moscow river, which falls in Oka where Kolomna is located, goes to Ryazan, to Vladimir (via land), or Murom, which falls into Volga, but was mainly used for trade from Nizhegorod to Vyzma-Smolensk, or Nizhegorod to Tula-Kozelsk-Bryansk.
At the time, most trading was done in Uglich (furs were coming down from Beloozero, or Ustiug-Totma-Vologda), Nizhny Novgorod/Nizhegorod (everything going south) and Novgorod (everything going west)

Moscow princes followed a great run for trade, which was a main source of all power in Russia since even before Kievan Rus.
Moscow nobility was able to get control over Serpuhov, where the best ford "Сенькин перелаз" is located. It is clear they wanted to have full control over the whole Nizhegorod-Vyazma trading route, and were spending great time making deals with Lithuanians trying to pull them on their side over Tver. Afterwards, Yuriy of Moscow was able to take control over Mozhaisk in the upper Oka river. Now they wanted to control Uglich to Serpuhov to be shift trade from all Vladimir and upper Volga down to Oka. It was done by Ivan Kalita, who pulled an Uglich gambit. Both him and his brother Yuriy wanted to control Yarosavl, but they failed, so they decided to take control over Uglich, which was bought by Ivan Kalita. He also bough Beloozero, which was located on the old path connecting Novgorod to Volga in Kyivan Rus time through Sheksna. By doing so, he blocked river trade for all of his rivals: for Alexandr of Tver, Alexandr of Suzdal (who shifted to Ivan Kalita), and for Vasyl of Yaroslavl. Now all waterways coming North to South were controlled by Moscow princes, both Tver and Yaroslavl lost their importance for some time until black death hit Russia and get Moscow's grip loosened.

It is clear how Moscow were able to won khan Ozbeg over Tver Rurikovichs few times and were able to finilize the end of power struggle appeared in Northern Russia after death of Alexandr of Neva: only because Daniel of Moscow, Yuriy of Moscow and Ivan Kalita were using khan's tribute for risky trading (khan Ozbeg found Yuriy was spending his money for trading and gave yarliq back to Dmilty of Tver in 1322, as example) and expanding control over trading centers. Sarai was a great help in the works of Ivan Kalita, since all Russian lands around Muscovy were in a constant struggle, nobility and russians were coming to lands of Ivan and started to settle there, migration from all duchies around Moscow to Moscow reached a big scale, since Moscow in 1300 was described as a really poor town, while after Ivan Kalita's death it had already become a city of big importance.

Anyways, even after many years of consolidation and trade control, Moscow was not able to become a main trading center of Northern Russia until early 15th century and Moscow princes were projecting their power by controlling other important trade cities. Better representation would be Novgorod-(either Tver, Uglich, Yaroslavl, or Vladimir)-Nizhny Novgorod.

Горский A.A. К вопросу о причинах «возвышения» Москвы // Отечественная история. -1997.-№1.
Горский A.A. Восточная Европа в XIII—XV вв.: тенденции политического развития. // Труды отделения историко-филологических наук. 2006. - М.: Наука, 2007. - С. 356-363.
Снегирев В.Л. Московские слободы. Очерк по истории Московского посада XIV-XVIII вв. — М.: Московский рабочий, 1956. — 240 с.
Чернышов A.B. Очерки по истории Тверского княжества XIII-XV вв. — Тверь: Тверской фонд культуры, 1996. - 304 с.
Образование русского централизованного государства в XIV-XV веках : Очерки соц.-экон. и полит. истории Руси — Черепнин, Лев Владимирович, 899 с. (1960)
Борисов Н. С. Иван Калита. — М.: Молодая гвардия, 1995.
(sorry for Russian, I could not find any English sources)
 
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к 20-му веку произошла советизация, а не русификация. Советизация прежде всего была антирусской культурой, чтобы удалить символы царизма и православия и не позволить им получить поддержку. С другой стороны, русификация произошла в таких областях, как Армения, Азербайджан, Казахстан, из-за многих русскоязычных народов, которые переехали в эти районы в царской и советской временах. эпохи и ушёл в 90-е.
но для Беларуси и Украины этот регион отличался по культуре из-за русинского и казачьего прикосновения, отличного от московского или новгородского, которые сами отличаются друг от друга. Русификация произошла в них в 1700-х годах после захвата Беларуси, присяги казаков царям и завоевания Новороссии, а также создания или переименования новых городов, таких как Одесса, в центр русской культуры на Черном море. Итак, процесс произошел в 18 веке и закончился после коммунистической революции.
 
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I remember discussing this matter during the map development, and apparently Chernigov/Chernihiv was under the loose rule of the Golden Horde, but the sources do not paint a very clear situation in this period around the Dnieper Bend, to be honest.
Interesting. I think it could be better to represent Chernihiv principality as Golden Horde tributary as it was ruled by Olgovichi branch of Rurikid dynasty at that time. (In 1337 by Michael III Oleksandrovych [Aleksandrovich] ) and later by his son Roman. Whole area was probably divided into smaller holdings by many representatives of Olgovichi branch and it would be indeed very hard to show the borders because of lack of sources. However some rulers (including already mentioned Michael) are mentioned in Lyubech synodikon (list of rulers of Chernihiv principality found in St. Anthony monastery in Lyubech) which is inсluded and studied in many works, for example in Зотов Р. О черниговских князьях по Любецкому синодику и о Черниговском княжестве в татарское время СПб, 1892 (Zotov, R. On the Princes of Chernigov According to the Lyubech Synodicon and on the Principality of Chernigov During the Tatar Yoke. St. Petersburg, 1892.)
 
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Hi @Pavía, thanks for your work!
I have merged the culture maps from the two TMaps for Ruthenia and actually there can be two ways for the rework of the eastern slavic cultures.
In both cases the division is based on the historical principalities of the Kyivan Rus (that was very decentralised).
At the same time this division would reflect the futher historical development of these lands.
In other words, in 1337 it's a bit of cultural grey zone there, but it both reflects well what was centuries before 1337 and what happened in the next centuries after 1337.
KyivanRus.jpg

1. The first one is more detailed, just if we take into account that Italy has 11 different cultures, France has 19 cultures, there is a tiny separate Rusyn culture etc. In this case a unified Ruthenian culture makes no logic and should be split into pieces.

- Galician (or Halychan), Volhynian, (South) Ruthenian and Severian cultures would be a base for the unified Ukrainian culture and they represent the historic Galician, Volhynian, Kyivan, Pereyaslav, Chernihiv-Severian principalities.

- Polesian and Polatskian cultures would be a basis for the unified Belarusian culture and represent ancient Turov-Pinsk, Polatsk principalities.

- Novgorodian, Pomor, Muscovite, Smolenskian cultures would represent the principalities of the northern-east Rus and would become a basis for the unified Russian culture.

- This will be an abstraction, but I think this division will be the best compromise between the pre-1337 history and later history, it will allow to have the most flavour and would be somehow comparable with the logic in other regions (like the mentioned 19(!) French cultures).
EastSlavCultures.png

2. The second option is actually the same, but more general. Split Ruthenian into South, North and West Ruthenian. North can be also White Ruthenian and Galicia-Volhynia was called Red Ruthenia, so it would make sence. Smolensk lands should be culturally divided between Muscovite and North (White) Ruthenian.
EastSlavCultures_General.png

P.S. One should think of adding the Cossack culture in the wild fields in the South, as 14-15 centuries was the time when the process of the Cossack phenomenon started to appear there. But the population there should be literally almost zero in the locations (dozens or hundreds of pops, not thousands).
Possible mechanics: Orthodox peasants of Ruthenian cultures illegally migrating to the wild fields, (running from serfdom, especially from Poland/Lithuania) and immediately accept Cossack culture once there. The migration may depend on the laws and policies (serfdom, oppressing of the orthodoxy, conversion).

P.P.S. We should accept that there will be no 100% right decision on the cultures of this region because there are literally almost no data for this period for Ruthenia. These lands were heavily devastated by the Mongols and internal wars. It's a huge historical/political/social grey zone, at least before Lithuania took these lands under control.
So it will always be some kind of a compromise and abstraction.
 
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Looking through I would say Kolomna and Serpukhov should be controlled by Muscowy.
Overall a really good job. It is finally a great pleasure to see such a big work being done in Eastern Europe, but I want to attribute in the case of trading centers, important cities and Muscowy role in Northern Russia.
 
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Shouldn't Novgorod have an ivory-producing location? I thought it was an important export for them back then
Also the fact that I know this from such an unrelated source is so funny to me
I was reading Hrushevsky's "History of Ukraine-Rus'" and he mentioned that one of the trade goods flowing from Russia was "fish tooth". I looked it up and turns out it was the Old Russian name for walrus ivory, so I went "damn better bring this up in Tinto Maps"
 
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Thanks for the maps again. I have been looking at the Geographical Atlas of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Poland, and the Grand Duchy of Finland divided into governorates, in Russian and French (1820–1827) that contains 60 maps produced by the Military-Topographical Depot of the Russian Army General Staff. And since it is in Russian and French, it could help with location naming.

https://imperiia.omeka.fas.harvard.edu/items/show/321

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Geographical_Atlas_of_the_Russian_Empire,_the_Kingdom_of_Poland,_and_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Finland_(1820–1827)


In the Baltic map thread I suggested the location of Vyshgorodok in the Pskov Republic.

PskovGovernorate1820Vyshgorodok.jpg



Alternatively, since Vyshgorodok is part of the Ostrov district, Ostrov can simply extend its location to border Rositten, which I have done after updating my post in the Baltic thread.

Here is a map suggestion for Estonia and Latvia. The border corrections of the original map are shown first and location additions are next to it.


Baltic0.png
Baltic1.png



View attachment 1155125
The location name is broken, and it is the only non-Russian one in the middle of the Tatar horde.

Not 'broken' necessarily, it appears to be the Italian romanization of the Syezzhaya River (or S''yezzhaya River, depending on your English romanization method).

Does seem out of place though.

This looks like the Russian word for detention cell (съе́зжая/sʺjézžaja). https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/съе́зжая

The difference between Съезжая and съе́зжая seems so small. At least the devs are not including a Russian prison cell as a location on the map. o_O

And the English romanization of S''Yezzhaya could be better as the standard name with others as dynamic names, so that the naming is consistent.


Also, the borders in this province seem a bit off compared to the geography since Buzuluk is in between Bogatoye and Sorochinskaya along the Samara River while Grachѐvka/Grachyovka should be east of Buzuluk and north of Sorochinsk.


I think Severian should be renamed
It is the name of the tribe that existed in the 9th century

maybe Southern or Ryazanian is better?

Ryazanian refers to an age over a hundred million years ago in the British Lower Cretaceous, and is a bit confusing as a name for a culture, unless we are talking about cultured dinosaurs. <insert t-rex with top hat> :D




@Pavía whats the location's name of the one between Plyussa and Porchov?

Dubronjo.

Another user mentioned it should probably be spelled Dubrovno. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Дубровно_(Псковская_область)
 
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We usually take into account linguistics for cultural division. So, 'Novgorodian' portrays the 'Northern dialects' of Eastern Rus, 'Muscovite' the 'Central dialects', and 'Severian' the 'Southern dialects'. But take this as an open answer; I think that there might be reasons to unify the culture into 'Russian', and also to further subdivide it (as another person pointed out on the previous page); we'll review all the informed opinions on the matter after a while, and make a decision regarding that that feel appropriate both for historical and game-logical reasons. Thanks for the input, by the way.
We usually take into account linguistics for cultural division. So, 'Novgorodian' portrays the 'Northern dialects' of Eastern Rus, 'Muscovite' the 'Central dialects', and 'Severian' the 'Southern dialects'. But take this as an open answer; I think that there might be reasons to unify the culture into 'Russian', and also to further subdivide it (as another person pointed out on the previous page); we'll review all the informed opinions on the matter after a while, and make a decision regarding that that feel appropriate both for historical and game-logical reasons. Thanks for the input, by the way. ;)
With this mindset ruthenia should not be regarded as one homogeneous blob of culture either. Divide it between the various differing “dialects” of the region i.e. Belarusian and Ukrainian/Malorusian
 
Love these maps! Great work!
I wonder, will there be a separate tinto map for the territory covering modern Kazakhstan?
And also I wonder, will we have some content describing the interaction between the bashkirs and the Russian Tsardom?
After the fall of Kazan, Ivan the Terrible offered the Bashkirs a deal, according to which the Tsar guaranteed respect for the Bashkirs’ patrimonial rights, freedom of religion, non-interference in internal affairs and the preservation of local self-government. And the Bashkirs recognized themselves as subjects of the Russian state, pledged to carry out military service and pay yasak.
This event can add new privilege to tribe estate, which give benefits at the beginning, but later it will cause slowdown in further conquest to east, and cancelling this privilege creates great unrest and rebels.
 
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Could there be more of a transition zone between the Artic and Continental climates? It doesn't seem right to have the two climate types be directly next to one another
 
I think we will get, after Carpathia and the Balkans, HRE, Scandinavia, Caucasus and the Pontic Steppe. I have absolutely no idea what will come afterwards though. An extremely boring Atlantic Ocean Tinto Maps? I don't think it will get to Middle East or Asia just yet though. Maybe areas with scarcer records and hence larger regions at once, like Americas, Oceania or Sub-Saharan Africa? Or maybe they will have done the minorities in MENA by then and we will continue going on more populated areas? Siberia/Northern Asia also seems like a possibility after Europe since it is barren and scarcely recorded.
 
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I think we will get, after Carpathia and the Balkans, HRE, Scandinavia, Caucasus and the Pontic Steppe. I have absolutely no idea what will come afterwards though. An extremely boring Atlantic Ocean Tinto Maps? I don't think it will get to Middle East or Asia just yet though. Maybe areas with scarcer records and hence larger regions at once, like Americas, Oceania or Sub-Saharan Africa? Or maybe they will have done the minorities in MENA by then and we will continue going on more populated areas? Siberia/Northern Asia also seems like a possibility after Europe since it is barren and scarcely recorded.
My guess is as you said. There is also the North Atlantic Island (Shetland, Faroe, Iceland, Greenland and of course Jan Mayen) which may or may not be apart of Scandinavia.

I would imagine we get a full Europe Map and small break so they can consolidate their feedback. Then move over to North Africa, Middle East, Arabia, the Nile/Ethiopia, Persia. As the next lot since they are currently doing the minorities research currently and some like North Africa over towards Spain looked like they already had some minorities implemented. Makes sense to me to move over to Asia after MENA and then do Africa/NA last, before we go to flavour TTs.
 
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