Chapter 173: The Battle of the Bulge - Part Two (9 to 15 August 1942)
AuthAAR’s Note: Here is the second chapter of the last play session, with a short mid-month review of key positions in other theatres. The previous chapter finished at midday on 9 August 1942, so that is where this one takes things up. The same ‘sector approach’ will be taken this time as well.
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1. Northern Sector 9-15 Aug 42: Report by GEN Yamut (Comd 3rd Corps)
9 Aug 42
1 Inf Div secured
Travnik at 1pm and soon pushed north-west to the open country of
Banja Luka, where they encountered and attacked assorted stragglers at 3pm. While they should be able to push these Hungarian and Italian Fascist riff-raff aside, the enemy commander did his best to hold them up by attempting an ambush.
The Italian Air Force was soon doing their part to try to blunt the attack, with an air raid hitting 1 Inf Div in
Travnik at 5pm. 2 Avci Grubu, (F4F Wildcats) largely but not completely recovered from previous duties, was scrambled to intercept the two TAC and one escorting Italian fighter wings. An hour later the dogfight began, with 4 AG (La-5s) also scrambled, in the hope they might rotate their interceptions with 2 AG. The first raid struck home on the ground, while neither side suffered appreciable damage in the air. A second raid was intercepted at midnight and the dogfight carried into the early morning.
(0.58m)
A short information clip on the Grumman F4F Wildcat, which is in service with the ATL Turkish Air Force in 1942 (6 and 7 Avci Filo).
4 AG did not appear for either dogfight, while the Turks (mainly 7 AF) suffered a few more casualties than the Italians (13 Tac Wing).
At 9pm, the enemy’s attempt to retake
Tuzla was in big trouble, though they were trying to inject the German 73rd Division into the fight. But Kurasov’s counter-attack and the fact the Germans were attacking across the Sava River told against them.
Air Report. The single Italian raid on 1 Inf Div in
Travnik killed 65 men.
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10 Aug 42
15 Inf and 2 Mot Divs – the two most powerful formations in the Turkish Army at the time – encountered the old foes of the LSAH SS division in
Prnjavor at 3am, just before they were able to occupy the province. They launched an assault straight away, attempting to sweep away Düvert’s counter-attack with a blitzing strike of their own.
To their east, in
Tuzla the battle was almost won by 5am. The Germans were no longer trying to reinforce their now worn 5th Division, while 217 SD had succeeded in reinforcing 4 SD themselves and 10 Inf Div had arrived in reserve from
Zvornik (the danger posed by the so-called ‘Zvornik Gap’ had not yet been appreciated).
Midday brought victory in
Prnjavor against the LSAH fanatics – and they had been given a hiding. Caught in open country with no time to entrench against heavy and medium tanks with infantry and artillery support, they were cut down mercilessly and the Turks pushed forward.
Noting that the advance of 15 Inf and 2 Mot Divs to
Prnjavor would open up a gap on the flank of the advance, at 3pm LTGEN Artunkal ordered his own reinforced HQ from
Zenica to
Doboj to create an improvised defence, though he continued to exercise command of the Adriatic Sector.
At the same time, the persistent enemy attack on
Tuzla had almost been defeated, with 10 Inf Div now having also reinforced. Victory came two hours later at 5pm, with the Turkish command still oblivious to the Zvornik Gap. They had wrongly thought the defence of
Tuzla carried along the Sava all the way to
Sabac, but there was a small gap, shown below, between the right flank of the units in
Tuzla and the left flank of 97 SD in
Sabac. 4 SD was therefore sent west to reinforce
Doboj, where the gap about to open in the line was far more obvious.
15 Inf Div were the first to arrive in
Prnjavor just an hour later, at 6pm: their post-attack reorganisation would take another 70 hours, not being ready until the evening of 13 August.
11 Aug 42
14 Inf Div finally arrived in
Sabac, joining 97 SD, at 4am. At 5am 2 Mot Div joined 15 Inf Div in
Prnjavor – they had an even longer wait in store another 92 hours, through to early on 15 August), leaving
Doboj temporarily unoccupied – a calculated risk to maintain the advance. With
Beograd deemed secure enough, one of the three divisions there – 2 Inf Div under MAJGEN Gürman – was also ordered west to
Doboj, though they would take some days to march there. Their line of march would take them all along the south bank of the Sava River, so if any attacks occurred as they passed through they could join in the defence.
13 Aug 42
With little new to report on 12 August, the move of 4 SD to
Doboj from
Tuzla ground to a crawl (0.44kph) when their armoured car brigade ran out of fuel! 4 SD was still delayed for lack of fuel twelve hours later, when the badly worn but still mobile Italian 4th Alpini Division slipped into
Doboj. The Comintern moves to occupy it now became an attack from the east and south. Artunkal took personal command of the battle.
Then to complicate the situation, the Zvornik Gap was finally noticed at 7pm, when a column of two or three (it was unclear at that stage exactly how many) Axis divisions was spotted heading towards
Zvornik from
Semska Mitrovica! There was consternation at 1st Army HQ.
“My God! Who do we have nearby that can rectify the situation without opening up yet another gap in the line?” was Inönü’s pointed question. The risks of keeping up a punishing rate of advance with limited units to hold the flanks were beginning to become more obvious.
“The 14th Division has been entrenching in Sabac for a couple of days, but could be diverted to Zvornik,” said the Chief of Operations. “And 2nd Division has just arrived in Valjevo – they are already heading to Zvornik anyway, but are further away.”
“Get the 14th going straight away. That will have to do to start with. We must maintain the attack on Doboj to secure that, need to hold Tuzla and I don’t want to relax the rate of advance to the north-west. We half expected such problems would arise. Let’s deal with them and move on.”
“Yes sir!” The brigadier was soon getting orders drafted and passed via the command net.
By 10pm that night, Inönü was being briefed on the general situation across the Northern Sector. The briefing officer used a pointer on a large wall map.
“Sir, working from west to east, the 11th Infantry has just reached Banja Luka. They are holding there for now to secure it. 1st Armoured are making south-west towards Drvar, where they will eventually cross over into the Adriatic Sector to support the closing of the pocket there.”
The Major paused while the Commander and his senior staff discussed the situation briefly. 1 Armd Div was becoming somewhat worn, but would keep pushing ahead for now. The terrain in
Drvar did not favour armour, but there was open country to their west and they were on the spot. A nod allowed the Major to resume.
“The 1st Infantry are also making progress from Banja Luka, heading due west to Bosanski Petrovac, keeping the ‘left hook’ on a reasonably broad front and looking for genuine gaps in the enemy line to punch through. In Prnjavar, the 15th Infantry have completed all reorganisation but are currently holding, given the enemy presence in Doboj to their south-east has delayed any other holding units coming forward to secure their current position. 2nd Motorize are earmarked to assault across the Sava to Gradiska to gain a bridgehead on the northern bank, but they are still reorganising.”
There was another pause as the tasks of 15 Inf and 2 Mot Divs were discussed. While 15 Inf could attack now and 2 Mot would have to wait for another day, it was hoped the quicker motorised division might make good use of the open country on the other side and
Prnjavar remained exposed, needing a strong defensive presence for now. The argument was evenly balanced, but the decision was to stay with the current orders. The Major resumed his briefing.
“The enemy have not tried to reinforce Doboj: they seem to be shuffling units west along the north bank of the Sava, to try to stem the main axis of our advance further west. But they are pressing towards the ‘Zvornik Gap’ and we have no way of knowing whether they or we will win the race, or how strong their push is. That concludes my report, General.”
“Thank you Major, that is all for now. We shall see how events develop.”
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14 Aug 42
At 3am, LTGEN Artunkal reported that his HQ in
Zenica, which was advancing on
Doboj, was being hit with an air raid – just as the battle for
Doboj was won, with 22 Turkish casualties and 135 Italians falling. 4 AG (La-5s) was scrambled to intercept the raiders. Of the two wings, 4 AF was still only at 88% strength, while 5 AF was at 100%. Two dogfights occurred that day against two unescorted Luftwaffe TAC wings. Their first raid hit home but the second was aborted, one of the enemy wings being severely mauled.
The Hungarian 6th Division made it to
Zvornik first, briefly isolating
Tuzla on almost all sides. But the situation looked more alarming on the map than it was on the ground. 14 Inf Div hit the Hungarians straight away, who folded after the briefest of contacts!
“One this is One-Four, Acting Sunray speaking. The cowardly goulash-eating curs have turned tail as soon as they saw some good hard Turkish steel and even harder men coming their way! Vur ha!”
With the battle in
Doboj won a couple of hours before,
Tuzla’s brief isolation should soon be relieved.
Air Report. The single German air raid on
Zenica killed 158 members of HQ 2nd Corps that morning.
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15 Aug 42
Doboj was secured by 4 SD (whose fuel supplies had been replenished the day before) at 2am. Another Italian unit that had been trying to cross the river into
Doboj bumbled into them in the dark straight afterwards, but retreated as soon as they realised they had been beaten to the punch (one Soviet and eight Italian soldiers were killed in a brief skirmish).
At 3am, while the left hook north of
Split slowly ground forward through hilly terrain, 2 Mot Div was finally able to launch its much-delayed attack over the Sava River on
Gradista. And they ran into a mix of worn units that had nevertheless had a couple of days to begin digging in. Supplies were still low, logistics having trouble keeping up with the units at the sharp end of the advance. And the river was a significant obstacle for the motorised division. Perhaps the more suitably equipped 15 Inf Div should have been used the day before after all. Despite this, the attack was pressed and 15 Inf Div still held in
Prnjavor. It was gambled that 2 Mot’s superior firepower, armour and organisation would allow them to prevail, despite the tricky tactical position they found themselves in.
HQ 2nd Corps (1x INF, 1 x MIL) joined 4 SD in
Doboj at 7am: the key Sava River south bank province was now secure. By 3pm, the previously somewhat chaotic situation on the flank of the Northern Sector advance had been stabilised. 14 Inf Div was now in
Zvornik and digging in. The Germans then launched an assault on
Doboj from
Brcko at 7pm, but with an adequate defence now in place, the Comintern forces were confident of holding. The difficult attack across the Sava by 2 Mot Div on
Gradiska continued, enemy organisation weakening, but not without cost to Toüdemür’s troopers.
2. Adriatic Sector 9-15 Aug 42: Report by LTGEN Artunkal (Comd 2nd Corps)
10 Aug 42
No notable events occurred in the Adriatic Sector for the rest of 9 August, though the heavy fighting in
Korcula against the Slovakian 2nd Division continued. At 5am on 10 August, the Slovakians finally broke, after both sides had suffered heavy casualties. To the north, Turkish forces (as we saw earlier) ejected some transient defenders from
Banja Luka, just over the boundary in the Northern Sector.
11 Aug 42
3 Mtn Div (with COL Diskoerekto and MAJ Durden) made it to
Jajce at 3am: their next task was to start the ‘inner left hook', striking south-west to
Sinj and beyond that
Split. But they still had a short wait before they completed their reorganisation and could attack the Hungarian infantry division defending the hills of
Sinj. 97 SD 'Shev' secured
Korcula at 8am, where three enemy formations were still retreating north-west to
Makarska, one province south of
Split. The vice was slowly tightening – but could the pocket be sealed off?
3 Mtn Div were ready to attack by 4pm. They hit the Hungarians at 5pm and had their victory by 6pm – their vigorous assault had found the Hungarians almost completely disorganised. MAJ Durden was spotted at the scene of the skirmish – as a belligerent, he was able to fight and did so on this occasion. However, there was no account of the action – because of course the first rule of fight club was not to talk about it!
All across the line of advance, from the Adriatic Coast to the Sava River, the front line Turkish formations were temporarily becalmed by post-attack disorganisation (see yellow arrows above). Divisional and corps commanders sweated on these delays, which gave Axis enemies more time to retreat, dig in or escape traps. But they had to remain patient and purposeful. For example, 1 Armd Div had reached
Banja Luka at 5pm, and had a short (nine hour) wait before they could begin their parallel left hook to
Drvar.
At 8pm, 222 SD pulled into
Prozor (where 1 Mtn Div was still reorganising, just south of
Jajce). But the Soviet division was ready to go and so was also sent onto
Sinj, where they would be able to help seal the pocket. As they raced with 3 Mtn Div to take that province, to their north the ‘left hook’ was broadened into a three-province frontage. While 1 Armd Div still waited to begin their move to
Drvar, 1 Inf Div arrived in
Banja Luca and was ordered to prepare to advance to
Bosanski Petrovac (they had another 12 hours before they would be ready to set off).
12-13 Aug 42
A day later, 1 Armd Div was advancing on
Drvar as ordered, when they encountered the Hungarian 20th Division, which had retreated earlier from
Sinj (to the south of
Drvar). Wehib Pasha sought to blitz them out of their hastily prepared positions. The Hungarians hung on for 12 hours before being forced to retreat once again the following morning.
By the early afternoon of 13 August, 176 SD had joined their Soviet comrades in
Korcula and, following their earlier orders to exploit to
Markarska, found themselves attacking the German 88th Division (in prepared positions) and the barely recovered Slovakian 2nd Division. Their chances of success did not seem great. To their north, 3 Mtn Div got to
Sinj at 2pm. They only had another six hours to wait before they could attack again. They knew there was a garrison in
Split, but their forward scouts did not yet have detailed knowledge of their positions.
That night, as the battle for
Makarska began to get beyond the reach of 176 SD, 3 Mtn Div started their attack on the Italian garrison in
Split. The early signs were not promising: the Italians were thoroughly dug in, had the advantage of defending a built-up urban area and their commander put in an effective counter-attack against the mountain formation that lacked a qualified divisional commander of their own. Meanwhile, reinforcements were on their way from the east and south, while 17 Inf Div had almost moved into
Konjic, the final gap in the eastern edge of the pocket, opposite
Mostar.
With casualties mounting and a desire to encourage enemy units to stay in the pocket until it was too late to escape it, the attack on
Makarska was called off.
14 Aug 42
As we saw in the report on the Northern Sector, by 13 August the Italians had briefly reoccupied
Doboj but were being counter-attacked by the approaching 4 SD and HQ 2nd Corps. Progress had come to a temporary halt in the centre of the ‘bulge’, with post-attack reorganisation and lack of fuel slowing things down. At midnight, 1 Armd Div secured
Drvar as the left hook swung south-west towards
Zara and
Split, but they would now have to reorganise for the best part of five days! Then at 3am, some of the pressure was relieved with victory in
Doboj, which would soon be retaken, securing the right flank along the Sava River and hopefully improving the supply situation further forward. 3 Mtn Div in
Sinj was still attacking
Split but was making slow progress, when at 3am scouts spotted an approaching Axis attack from
Makarska on their flank.
That attack hit home at 4am, the German 88th Division attempting a breakthrough against 3 Mtn Div’s left flank. After five hours where the position of the 3rd in
Sinj slowly deteriorated, the only partly-recovered 97 SD ‘Shev’ in
Korcula was ordered to make a spoiling attack on
Makarska to see if that would cause them to break off their spoiling attack on
Sinj. The tactic worked immediately, the Germans halting attack. It was just as well, because they had just begun to inflict far more casualties of the Turkish mountain troops than they were receiving. The spoiling attack It also gave a more accurate snapshot of the Axis forces holed up in
Markarska: apart from a couple of HQs, the other three other Axis divisions there were all thoroughly disorganised from previous fighting.
With the German’s flanking attack diverted, 97 SD ‘Shev’ was pulled out of
their attack six hours later, having lost their flanking advantage and with their casualties starting to mount, while running low on organisation, supplies and fuel. Their main job had been done and the Axis positions in
Makarska would now be left alone until when (or if) the pocket was closed off further north.
With 1 Armd Div still reorganising in
Drvar, 11 Inf Div (in
Banja Luka) was ordered to switch from the Northern to the Adriatic sector, instructed to exploit through
Drvar towards
Knin, to the immediate north of
Split, north-west of
Zara and on the right flank of 3 Mtn Div in
Sinj.
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15 Aug 42
At 9am, 17 Inf Div secured
Konjic, sealing off the last gap in the developing pocket south of
Split. Due to the lack of progress of 3 Mtn Div’s single-axis attack on
Split, the battle was called off at midday. 3 Mtn Div would reorganise (a 133 hour wait) while other units pushed north-west. At the same time,
Knin became the new focus: 222 SD had arrived in
Sinj at midday, and was sent north-west to
Knin rather than being thrown into the frontal attack on
Split. If that attack was renewed, in would be attempted from more than one directed and with better odds. For now, 3 Mtn Div would anchor the neck of the forming pocket. 2 Mtn Div would arrive in
Sinj from
Prozor later that night.
And when they did arrive at 9pm, 2 Mtn Div was ordered to follow 222 SD onto
Knin, from where either
Zara or
Split could be attacked, as the circumstances warranted.
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3. Other Fronts 9-15 Aug 42: Report by Supreme (Theatre) Commander FM Calistar
9 Aug 42
While most attention was focused on the fighting in the ‘bulge’, other matters were also dealt with or reported on. On the afternoon of 9 August, the old Hawk IIIs of 1 AF were relocated (reserve mission) to the new
Danube Line air base at
Cuprija, co-located again with the Shturmoviks of 1 TAG, as their base in
Kursumlija was now largely out of range of the front line in Croatia. They would again operate as a unit if required.
News Report: Leningrad, USSR. The Leningrad première of Shostakovich's Symphony No. 7 has occurred while the city is still under siege by German forces.
News Report: Bombay, India. Bombay police arrest Mahatma Gandhi and fifty other members of the Indian National Congress a few hours before a massive civil disobedience campaign was to begin. Five people are killed later in the day when police fired on crowds of people who were jeering and throwing stones.
Entertainment News: London, UK. The Walt Disney animated film Bambi had its world premiere in London.
OTL Event: Eastern Front. German Army Group A captured Krasnodar and the Soviet oil centre of Maykop.
OTL Event: Pacific. The Battle of Savo Island ended in tactical Japanese victory. American cruisers Astoria, Quincy and Vincennes and the Australian cruiser Canberra were all sunk while three Japanese cruisers were damaged. The American destroyer Jarvis was sunk by Japanese aircraft off Guadalcanal.
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10 Aug 42
On 10 August, Romanian Liaison Officer RasaUrs75
[ @racebear75 ] reported that the Romanian border area was holding firm, thanks to both Soviet and Romanian efforts there. In fact, some ground had been regained in local counter-attacks both sides of the border with the Soviets. The midday update from Agent SkitalecS3 noted that
Leningrad held and had not been attacked again since the beginning of the month, though the situation to its south remained fluid and dangerous.
OTL Event: Eastern Front. The German 6th Army crossed the lower Don River and reached the outskirts of Stalingrad.
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12 Aug 42
OTL Event: Moscow, USSR. The Second Moscow Conference began. In attendance were Joseph Stalin, Winston Churchill, and U.S. representative W. Averell Harriman. [Comment: there will be an equivalent conference in the ATL soon, including Turkey, to discuss possible coalition operations in the Mediterranean and in the Pacific.]
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13 Aug 42
At 1pm on 13 August, the Germans (SS-Verf and 23rd Infantry Divisions) launched a brief probing attack on
Beograd, which now only had 13 Inf Div and 156 SD as its garrison. It ended as soon as it began, with 23 attackers and ten defenders killed.
OTL Event: North Africa. Bernard Montgomery took over command of the British Eighth Army following the death of William Gott. [Comment: in ATL, he remains commanding an armoured division in Malaya.]
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14 Aug 42
OTL Event: Allied Planning. Dwight D. Eisenhower was named Anglo-American commander for Operation Torch.
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15 Aug 42
The Athens Garrison finally returned safely from pacifying
Chalkida.
OTL Event: Eastern Front. German troops captured Georgiyevsk and reached the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains.
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4. Industry, Supply, Technology, Espionage, Trade and Diplomacy 9-15 Aug 42: Departmental Reports
12 Aug 42
“Ambassador Ceylan, a decoded radio message for you from our station head in Rome,” said his Head of Communications at the Turkish Embassy in Switzerland.
It was the announcement of another team lost in Italy. The last reserve team had been inserted in-country and there were now none spare. It was the Slovakians again – Italy still had no teams left alive in the field. Ceylan ordered another temporary counter-espionage effort (50/50 with tech espionage) and cabled
Ankara for reinforcements. With plenty of spare diplomatic teams as a result of slowed licence procurement, diplomatic training was put on hold and the effort switched to training more new spy teams.
With the supply stockpile now just below 30,000 and decreasing by a net 322 per day, supply production was upped again, to 32% of total industrial capacity
[60 IC]. This meant work on both the two new Mustang wings and some projects above them in the queue would be temporarily halted. The effect of the increased supply production was seen the next day, with a deficit of 252 units per day (70 less than the day before).
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14 Aug 42
At this point, Norway (part of the Allies but never invaded by Germany) made a timely trade offer of supplies for cash, which was eagerly accepted. Foreign Minister Aras was called in to see what else could be negotiated with foreign governments. Although they had large supply surpluses, neither the US nor USSR were prepared to trade for them (under Comintern rules these would have been provided free of charge to Turkey). But the British
were willing to make a sizeable trade for almost 20 units of supply per day.
15 Aug 42
With these measures in place – and perhaps a recent decrease in the intensity of land and air activity in the Balkans – the daily supply deficit was down to around 140 units by 15 August. With the stockpile now at 29,227, this was a more sustainable equation.
If it could be maintained.
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5. Mid-Month Summaries
Some ‘by exception’ reporting of the general conduct of the wider war was provided to the president as at midnight on 15 August. This was complemented by some additional background information on two proposals that had been floated in advance of another Global Anti-Fascist Coalition meeting slated for Moscow later in the month
[see previous post on possible landings in Libya and Syria-Lebanon]. One was a re-floating of Churchill’s earlier proposal for
Plan Torch – landings in Libya to trap the Italians in North Africa. The second was an internal Turkish idea to invade Vichy Syria – but that would lead to the entry of hitherto neutral Vichy France into the war, so would need to be discussed with the Coalition partners (the Allies, represented by the UK and the other members of the Comintern ‘Big Three’, the USSR and US).
The
Patriotic Front showed some German progress (since 1 Aug 42, green line) in Ukraine, but stabilisation in the situation on the Romanian-Soviet border and mixed outcomes in the North and Centre and some losses in central Romania. The Turkish ‘Bulge’ in the south was now quite pronounced (blue line).
A more detailed map of the
North showed there was now a larger garrison in
Leningrad, with some more forces approaching from the east to attempt to solidify the line, which was now at least continuous (if still thin) all the way south from
Leningrad.
In eastern
Romania, the line was holding in the corridor between the Prut (the border with the Soviet Union) and Dnestr Rivers.
Chisinau had not yet been attacked by land and the Soviet 310 SD (under Romanian control) had even retaken
Orhei to its north. But
Iasi remained in Axis hands and they had made advances to its south-west.
A detailed map of ‘
the Bulge’ salient showed three battles currently in progress: the renewed (but probably doomed) enemy attack on
Doboj; the foundering attack by 2 Mot Div on
Gradiska and a new attack by the German 88th Division that had just started on
Korcula from
Makarska. Falling just the other side of midnight, it had not been included in the Adriatic Sector report for this period
[Comment: it will be covered at the start of the next chapter: suffice it to say it seemed unlikely to amount to much.]
There had been little change in
North Africa since 1 August, with just the coastal province of
Ra’s Abu Lahw (west of
Mersa Matruh in Egypt) having been retaken by the British. In
South East Asia, the Japanese had still only advanced in the one province south of
Kuala Lumpur in
Malaya and made some more gains in
Burma as they drew closer to
Rangoon.
The brave partisan crew in the
Far East continued to thumb their noses at the Japanese occupiers, liberating more territory as they headed generally north-west.
In the wider
Eastern Front, for the first time in two years, the Comintern had actually gained a little more ground than it had lost, especially in the south and in Central Asia.
In
Central Asia, the Japanese had advanced no further towards the Turkish screen, while with fuel supplies restored as the logistics system geared up, 4 Cav Div had almost completed its long approach march from
Tashkent to
Gora Manas, but the going was still slow in the harsh terrain. The Soviet counter-attack on the advance Japanese elements looked to be picking up a little momentum.
Coming Up: Can Turkey close off the Adriatic Pocket, or will the last part of the race prove the hardest, given the factors slowing down the advance? How far north-west will the High Command be willing – or able, given finite troop resources and the risk of a German-led counter-offensive – to go before calling a halt? Will they just keep going towards Italy for as long as possible, halt and consolidate along a suitable line? Or try the right hook to attempt an encirclement of the forces currently investing
Beograd and the
Danube Line, preparatory to a new offensive in combination with Romania to try once more to knock Hungary out of the war?
Will the Turkish offensive and the Soviet rebalance – which
appears to be working well enough – be sufficient to steal the initiative away from the Germans by the end of 1942? Or will the current apparent Soviet recovery prove a false dawn? Will the British collapse in Malaya, losing access to all those strategic resources, ceding them to the Japanese? Can they hold
Rangoon with the flimsy forces defending Burma? Will the US finally start to punch in their weight division in the Pacific? And is there any prospect of them providing more support in the Mediterranean, or has their granting of those three marine divisions as EFs to Turkey basically signalled the extent of their practical assistance for now?
What will the next Anti-Fascist Coalition meeting decide to do about their shared theatres in Europe and the Pacific?